COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING OF BUILDINGS

LABORATORY

LAB MANUAL

Prepared By
Er. Anoop Singh
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MAHARAJA AGRASEN HIMALAYAN GARHWAL
UNIVERSITY
Block Pokhra, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246169

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 MAHARAJA AGRASEN HIMALAYAN GARHWAL
UNIVERSITY
Block Pokhra, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246169

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT

To produce eminent, competitive and dedicated civil engineers by imparting latest technical
skills and ethical values to empower the students to play a key role in the planning and execution
of infrastructural & developmental activities of the nation.

MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT

To provide exceptional education in civil engineering through quality teaching, state-of-the-art

facilities and dynamic guidance to produce civil engineering graduates, who are professionally
excellent to face complex technical challenges with creativity, leadership, ethics and social
consciousness.

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 MAHARAJA AGRASEN HIMALAYAN GARHWAL
UNIVERSITY
Block Pokhra, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246169

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MANDATORY INSTRUCTIONS

1) Students should report to the labs concerned as per the timetable.

2) Record should be updated from time to time and the previous experiment must be signed
by the faculty in charge concerned before attending the lab.
3) Students who turn up late to the labs will in no case be permitted to perform the
experiment scheduled for the day.
4) After completion of the experiment, certification of the staff in-charge concerned in the
observation book is necessary.
5) Students should bring a notebook of about 100 pages and should enter the
readings/observations/results into the notebook while performing the experiment.
6) The record of observations along with the detailed experimental procedure of the
experiment performed in the immediate previous session should be submitted and
certified by the staff member in-charge.
7) Not more than FIVE students in a group are permitted to perform the experiment on a set
up.
8) The group-wise division made in the beginning should be adhered to, and no mix up of
student among different groups will be permitted later.
9) The components required pertaining to the experiment should be collected from Lab- in-
charge after duly filling in the requisition form.
10) When the experiment is completed, students should disconnect the setup made by them,
and should return all the components/instruments taken for the purpose.
11) Any damage of the equipment or burnout of components will be viewed seriously either
by putting penalty or by dismissing the total group of students from the lab for the
semester/year.
12) Students should be present in the labs for the total scheduled duration.
13) Students are expected to prepare thoroughly to perform the experiment before coming to
Laboratory.
14) Procedure sheets/data sheets provided to the student’s groups should be maintained
neatly and are to be returned after the experiment.
15) DRESS CODE:
a. Boys - University dress with tuck in shirts and shoes.
b. Girls - University dress.
c. Wearing of jeans is strictly prohibited

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 CONTENTS

S. No. Page No.

1 Cover Page 1

2 Vision and Mission of the department 2

3 Mandatory Instructions 3

4 Contents 4

5 Experiment No 1: Introduction to Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) 5

6 Experiment No 2: Software for CAD- Auto CAD Commands 8

7 Experiment No 3: Practice exercises on CAD Commands 9

Experiment No 4: Drawing of plans of buildings using software for Single
8 17
storeyed
Experiment No 5: Drawing of plans of buildings using software for Multi
9 19
storeyed
10 Experiment No 6: Developing sections and elevations for Single storeyed 21

11 Experiment No 7: Developing sections and elevations for Multi storeyed 22

Experiment No 8: Detailing of building components like doors, windows
12 23
using CAD software
Experiment No 9: Development of building components like roof trusses
13 24
using CAD software

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 Experiment No: 01
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING

INTTRODUCTION

Computers use different software‟s to perform tasks. With the help of special software‟s,
computers can be advantageously used to do the work of drafting. The process of constructing
the drawings on the computer screen with the help of specially developed software‟s and
hardware‟s is called
„COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING‟. The drawings in CAD are cleaner and more exact than
manual drawings.

The CAD system is based on what is called interactive computer graphics (ICG). ICG helps to
convert the data entered by the user in form of graphics.

AUTOCAD: AUTOCAD is very effective CAD software. It is used globally by CAD

professionals. It supports 2D drafting and 3D modeling. AUTOCAD is user-friendly and easy to
learn. Explaining AUTOCAD in 3D environment is beyond the scope.

CAD workstation: A CAD workstation, in its simplest form, consists of a computer with a
keyboard, mouse and monitor and loaded with CAD software. The keyboard and mouse are
essential input devices whereas monitor is a real time output device. All the three are integral
parts of computer and are always connected to central processing unit. For CAD applications, a
computer with reasonably good processing unit is recommended.

Input Devices: The input devices are used to enter numeric data and commands and to control
the cursor positions on the screen.

Keyboard and Mouse: The keyboard and mouse are basic input devices for any computer. For
CAD purposes, a standard 104 – keyboard is sufficient. A two – button mouse with scroll wheel
is recommended for computerized drafting.

Joystick: A Joystick is a cursor control device consisting of handled stick pivoted at one end.
The stick can be moved side – to – side (or) front to back.

Trackball: A trackball can be treated as a mouse resting on its back. It has a ball that can be
rolled inside a socket. The direction and speed of rotation of ball will decide the direction and
speed of cursor movement.

Light pen: A light pen is a light sensitive input device and is used directly on computers GRT
monitors. The pen, when placed against the screen; enabling the computer to identify the location
of the pen on screen. A light pen can work with any CRT – based monitor, but not with LCD
screens, projectors (or) other display devices.

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Scanner: The most common Flatbed scanner is used to scan manual drawings. It analyzes the
image and process it using optical character recognition technology.

Digitizer: Digitizer (or) pen tablet is an electro- magnetic graphic input device. It is used to
construct new drawing (or) convert an existing drawing into digital form.

OUTPUT DEVICES:

The output devices show numeric value, active commands, cursor positions and drawing. These
are used to take points of drawings.

Monitor: A monitor provides a screen for visual display. It enables real time control of drafting
activity. For a better visibility, IT monitor may be preferred.

Printers: A printer is used to obtain print copies of drawings. Two types of printers, namely
inject printer and laser printer are in common use. Inkjet printers are cheaper but cost per print is
higher than that of laser printers.

Plotter: Plotter, is a printing device, used prominently for the print of larger sizes i.e. A3 to A0.
Plotters print the drawing by moving a pen across surface of paper. Obviously the plotters are
good at line art but incapable of drawing colored object with mixing and shadings.

ADVANTAGES OF CAD:

CAD offers the following advantages.

1. Accuracy: CAD helps to achieve very high degree of accuracy that is impossible to
achieve manually.

2. Speed: With sufficient practice, a user can create the drawings specially. Similar objects
can be copied (or) arrayed which saves time required for duplication. Easy editing:
Drawings once constructed can easily be edited or modified as and when needed.

3. Space Effectiveness: A computer can store several thousand drawing files over a long
period of time.

4. Standard Libraries: „CAD‟ software have libraries containing drawings of standard

parts such as gears, values, and pulleys.

5. Scaling: A drawing can be enlarged (or) reduced by any scale factor.

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 6. Better visualization: Use of different colors help avoiding confusion. 3D view of object
can be easily created to boost imagination.

7. Freedom from using drawings instruments: A simple CAD system needs a computer
with a mouse and keyboard to draw. The draftsmen need not use bulky drawing
instruments like drawing board, drafter, set square, etc.

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 Experiment No: 02

SOFTWARE OF CAD: Auto CAD Commands

The Auto CAD design package is a very powerful tool to prepare desired drawings. According to
instructions given by mouse (or) keyboard etc. it prepares drawings to the scale. Auto CAD
prepares exact, precise, neat and clean drawings. Drawings prepared by Auto CAD looks better
than manually prepared drawings. Auto CAD provides facility to correct errors, to increase (or)
decrease size, to store drawing in disc, to send drawing to other places by storing inside disc, to
repeat drawings in as many number as you want to rotate the drawings as you desire etc.

Auto CAD provides various commands like circle, polygon, mirror, rotate, ellipse, arc, zoom,
erase, hatch, chamfer, copy, redraw etc. prepared drawings on auto CAD can be plotted on paper
with a pen, plotter, dot matrix printer, laser printer (or) inkjet printer etc. CAD is used in
industry, business, education, research project etc.

INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENT SOFTWARES:

Generally CAD software is used for further enhancement & development of drawings either
design consideration (or) appearance considerations.

For desired considerations:

With the help of Auto CAD highly accurate precise drawing can be prepared in comparatively
smaller time when manually prepared drawings. The design and analyses can be done by using
software called “STAAD PRO” which is designing software for any of structural member
concrete, steel, timber, aluminum etc.

For Appearance:

1. With the help of AutoCAD the prepared drawings can be modified to desired elevations
which may (or) may not be to scale. Mostly they are not to scale. Drawings which give
interior, exterior decorative projections, architectural designs etc.

2. To add require corrections which are not possible in CAD like external grooves, arch
flower designs, dome vault scaling etc, appearance designs are done by using two
different soft wares called ADT(“Architectural Desk Top”) and “Micro statum – I

3. Both the software‟s generally used to give decorative design and elevation designs each
may be (or) may not be to scale.

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 Experiment No: 03

PRACTISE EXPERIMENT ON CAD SOFTWARE

Line: To draw a line, line command is used. Line command can be given by following ways.

1. Click on line icon.

2. Type by key board, „line‟ in command window.
3. By selecting line option icon „DRAW‟ menu.
Having given line command, supply co – ordinates of start point and endpoint. Starting
point & end point can be clicked also.

Command: line ←┘ (enter)

From Pt – 1: (50, 50) ←┘ (enter)◄┘

To Pt – 2:(200, 50) ←┘(enter)

Line will be ready on screen.

Multiline command: This command is used to draw parallel lines with specified effect
distance between two lines. Multiline command can be given in following two ways.

(i) Type by keyboard word “MLINE” in command window.

(ii) By selecting multiline option from draw menu.

Command: MLINE ◄┘(enter)

Current settings: Justification = Top; Scale= 1.00; Style= Standard.

Specify start point: 5.0, 10.0.

Specify next point: 20.0, 15.0

Justification is alignment of two lines w.r.t. reference top/zero/bottom. Scale is spacing between
two parallel lines.

Rectangle Command:

Rectangle is a quadrilateral having two pairs of opposite sides equal and 4 angles are
each of rectangle command can be given in 3 different ways as under.

(i) Click by mouse on “Rectangle” tool bar icon.

(ii) Type by keyboard word “Rectangle” in command.
(iii) Select “Rectangle” option from draw menu

Command: Rectangle

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 Specify first corner point: 40, 30 ◄┘ (enter)

(or) [Chamfer/elevation/ fillet/thickness/width]

Specify other corner point: 170, 110 ◄┘ (enter)

(or) (Dimensions)

Circle command:

1. Center radius method:

Command: Circle

3p/2p/ПR/<centre point> : 100,100 ( locate point with mouse/ type by key board)

Diameter/ < Radius >: 50 (given radius by mouse/ type radius by kb as 50)
Circle will be drawn having center point (100, 100)

2. Center, diameter method:

Command:

circle 3p/2p/ПR/<centre point> :

100,100

Diameter: D 100(First enter D & then type diameter 100.ircle

will Circle will drawn having diameter 100 & cp 100

3. Two – point method:

Command: Circle

3p/2p/ПR/<cp> : TTR (Tangent – Tangent – Radius)

Line1: Command line from point: 80, 30

To point: 170, 20

Line 2: Command line from point: 10, 30

To point: 10,

160 Line 1 and line 2 can be drawn using mouse

radius:

Circle will be drawn having radius 50 and line 1 and line 2 as tangent to circle

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 4. 3 point method:
Command:
Circle 3p/2p/ПR/<centre
point> : 3p
First point 1 : 60, 70
Second point 2 : 150, 100
Third point 3 : 100, 50

Circle will be drawn passing through three points having the co ordinates (60, 70);
(150, 100); (100, 50)

5. Tangent – Tangent Radius Method:

Command: Circle

3p/2p/ПR/< cp >: TTR ( Tangent – Tangent –

Radius) Line – 1: Command line

From point: 10, 30

To point: 10, 160

Line – 2: Command line

From point: 80, 30

To point: 170, 20

Line – 1 & line – 2 can be drawn using mouse radius: 50 circle will be drawn having radius 50
and line – 1 & line – 2 as tangent to the circle.

Command:
Circle 3p/2p/TTR/<
cp >: TTR

Select (click by mouse tangent circle – 1)

Select (click by mouse tangent circle – 2)

Specify radius of circle: 40

Arc Command:

Arc command is used to draw arc of a circle. Arc command can be given in 3
different ways as under.

(i) Click by mouse (or) “Arc” tool bar as under.

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 (ii) Type by key board word “Arc” in command window.

(iii) Select “Arc” option from draw menu.

Command : Arc ◄┘ (enter)

(enter) First start pt – 1 of arc (or)
: 120, 70 ◄┘ (enter)
Method – 1: (center)
2nd pt – 2 of arc (or) (centre/end) :70, 120 ◄┘ (enter)
3 rd end pt – 3 of arc : 40, 30 ◄┘ (enter)
Command : Arc ◄┘ (enter)
Specify start point of arc (or) (center) : CE ◄┘ (enter)
Method – 2: Centre point of arc : (70, 70) ◄┘ (enter)
1st start point of arc : (120, 70) ◄┘ (enter)
End point of arc : (40, 30) ◄┘ (enter)
Command : Arc ◄┘ (enter)
Start point of arc (or) (center) : CE ◄┘ (enter)
Centre point of arc : (70, 70) ◄┘ (enter)
Method – 3: Start point of arc : (120, 70) ◄┘ (enter)
End point of arc : a ◄┘ (enter)
(Angle/chord length)
Included angle : 233.130 ◄┘ (enter)
Command : Arc ◄┘ (enter)
Start point of arc : C ◄┘ (enter)
Centre point of arc : (70, 70) ◄┘ (enter)
Method – 4:
Start point of arc : (120, 70) ◄┘ (enter)
End point of arc : L ◄┘ (enter)
Chord (length) : 89.4 ◄┘ (enter)
Ellipse To draw ellipse, ellipse command is used. This command can be operated in 3
Command: different methods as under.

(i) Click on “ellipse” tool bar icon

(ii) Type “ellipse” by K.B in command window
(iii) By selecting Ellipse option from draw menu
Ex: Command : Ellipse ◄┘ (enter)
(i) Specify axis end point of ellipse : (45, 90) ◄┘ (enter)
(ii) Specify other end point of axis : (195,90) ◄┘ (enter)
(iii) Specify distance to other axis : 120, B5 ◄┘ (enter)
(Or) (Rotation)

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Ellipse will be drawn having

(i) Major axis length = (195 – 45) = 150

(ii) minor axis length = 2(135 – 90) = 90
One can select the point by clicking the mouse at axis end point , centre etc. instead of
giving co – ordinates.

Polygon Command:

Polygon command is used to draw regular polygon shapes. Although one can draw polygon also
with line command but it takes more time polygon command draws polygon faster with high
accuracy.3 sides i.e., triangle, to 1024 sides regular polygons can be draw with polygon
command. Polygon command can be given in 3 different methods as under.

(i) Click on “polygon” tool bar

(ii) Type polygon by key board in command window

(iii) Select polygon option from „draw‟

menu There are 3 methods of drawing

polygons.

Method – 1: command : polygon ◄┘ (enter)

Number of sides : 6 ◄┘ (enter)

Centre of polygon : (100, 100) ◄┘

(enter) Inscribed in circle/circumscribed

About circle (I / C) : I ◄┘

(enter) Radius of circle

: 50 ◄┘

(enter)

Method – 2: command : polygon ◄┘ (enter)

Number of sides : 5 ◄┘ (enter)

Centre of polygon : (100, 100) ◄┘

(enter) Inscribed in circle : c ◄┘ (enter)

Radius of circle : 50 ◄┘ (enter)

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Method – 3: command : polygon ◄┘
(enter)

Number of sides : 8 ◄┘ (enter)

First end pt of edge : (60, 20) ◄┘ (enter)

Second end pt of edge : (100, 20) ◄┘ (enter)

Donut Command: Donut or dough nut command enables us to draw filled rings and solid
circle required data‟s are

(1) Centre point (2) outside diameter (3) inside diameter

‘DONUT‟ command can be in two different ways.

1. Type of key board word „DONUT‟ in command window.

2. Select „DONUT‟ option from draw menu.
Ex: Command : „DONUT‟ ◄┘ (enter)

Inside diameter of donut : 80 ◄┘ (enter)

Out side diameter of donut : 120 ◄┘ (enter)

Centre diameter of donut : 80, 80 ◄┘ (enter)

Spline Command: Spline command is used to draw a smooth line passing through number of
given points.

Spline command can be given in 3 different ways.

1. Click by mouse on „spline‟ tool bar.

2. Type by key board word „spline‟ in the command window.
3. select „spline‟ option from „DRAW‟ menu.
Ex. Command : spline ◄┘ (enter)

Specify first point (or) (object) : 15, 6.5 ◄┘ (enter)

Specify Next point : 3, 7.5 ◄┘ (enter)

Specify next point (or) (close) : 4.5, 6.5 ◄┘ (enter)

(Start tangent)

- do - : 4, 5.5 ◄┘ (enter)

- do - : 2, 4 ◄┘ (enter)

- do - : 1.5, 2.5 ◄┘ (enter)

- do - : 2, 1 ◄┘ (enter)

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 - do - : 3.5, 0.5 ◄┘ (enter)

- do - : 5, 1 ◄┘ (enter)

- do - : 5.5, 2. ◄┘ (enter)

Solid Command: This command draws solid – filled triangle and

polygons command : solid (centre)

solid, specify first point : fix one point by any method

specify second point : fix second point by any

method specify third point : fix third point by any method

specify 4 th point(or) <exit > : fix fourth point ◄┘ (enter)

First two points marked fix one edge of the polygon third point should be specified
diagonally opposite to the second specify fourth point.

Auto CAD 2004 takes the last two points of the first polygon as the first two points for
the next polygon.

Once the command solid is on it will continue unless ◄┘ (entered) i.e., exit.

Pan Command: Pan command moves the drawing on the screen display does not change in
shape & size only its location changes in fact it moves the display window. Cursor changes to a
hand shape cursor by hidden down the pick button you are locking the cursor to its current
location. Now cursor is moved in the desired direction & along with cursor graphics also
more when pick. button is released panning stops only hand cursor move. At the end of stop
panning either press ◄┘ (enter) (or) escape EC.

Erase Command:

Erase command is used to remove object/ object from the drawing it‟s an editing tool. It is
nothing but erase/ rubber as we use for manual drawing. This erase leave zero impression of
object/ objects removed.

It can be given in 3 different ways.

(i) Click on mouse on erase tool bar icon.

(ii) Type by keyboard word „ERASE‟ in the command window
(iii) Select „ERASE‟ option from modify menu.
Ex: Command : Erase

Select objects : Select by simple window totally (or) by crossing

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 Window totally

Select objects : ◄┘ (enter) circle will disappear.

Rotate Command: Rotate command facilitates to rotate the object at defined angle. This
command is used to rotate object about a base point max by 360 where as move command
facilitates to move the object anywhere in the drawing.

Rotate command can be give in 3 different ways as under.

(i) Click on mouse by „Rotate‟ tool bar icon

(ii) Type by keyboard word “Rotate” in command window.
(iii) By selecting „Rotate‟ option from modify menu.
After giving rotate command, computer will prompt

(i) Select the object

(ii) Specifying the base point of rotation &
(iii) Specifying rotation angle.
Ex: Command : ROTATE.

Select objects : Select rectangle by clicking on it by mouse ◄┘ (enter)

Specify Base pt: Click on pt c by mouse.

0
Rotation angle: 45 ◄┘ (enter)
NOTE: Rotation angle should be mentioned only in counter clock wise direction.

Move Command: Move command is used when we can‟t display object to a specified location.

(i) Click on mouse („Move” tool bar icon)

(ii) Type by K.B word “Move” in command window.
(iii) Select “Move” option from the “modify” menu.

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 Experiment No: 04

DRAWING OF PLANS OF BUILDINGS USING SOFTWARE FOR

SINGLE STOREYED

INTRODUCTION:

The detailed drawings of a building (may be residential, public building like schools, colleges,
hostels, offices, hospitals, factory building, buildings meant for business) shall include.

(a) Plan
(b) Section along given vertical plane and
(c) Elevation.

(a) Plan: Plan of building represents, a horizontal section of building at given height seen from
top. For buildings, it is a general convention to imagine that the building has been cut down by a
horizontal plane at the sill level of the windows and is seen from the top after removal of the so
cut part. Thus plan of a building means the details that can be seen which are below the window
sill level.

(b) Section: Section means vertical section. It is imagined that a finished building is cut
vertically along a line so that the building is separated into two portions along the imagined
vertical plane right from top of the building to the lowest part of the foundation. The view that
can be seen while traveling along this imaginary vertical plane when looking towards left is
drawn to the same scale as that adopted for the plan and this view is called a sectional elevation,
cross – section or simply section.

(c) Elevation: Elevation is the outward view of a completed building along any side of the
building. When a building is seen by standing in front of it, the view that can be viewed is known
as front elevation. Similarly, building can be viewed from back side (rear elevation) or from any
side of it which is known as side elevation.

AIM: To draw the plan, section and elevation of single storied building by using

Auto CAD

SOFT WARE: Auto CAD 2016.

PROCEDURE:

1. Type „U‟ ◄┘ (enter) and set up the units in meters.

2. Type „L‟ ◄┘ give the dimensions for line as 5.0 ◄┘ and indicate the direction of line if
ortho is ON

3. Proceed the above procedure for all the walls.

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 4. By typing „O‟◄┘give offset distance as 3.0◄┘ for external walls and 0.15 ◄┘for internal walls

5. Type „Tr‟ double enter ◄┘◄┘for trim command then trim the extra and unnecessary lines.

6. By typing A ◄┘ give arc command to indicate or give doors.

7. Type DLI ◄┘ to give the dimensions for the plan.

8. Type DT ◄┘ to give text in each part of the plan.

9. Using the above commands section and elevation is also drawn by following same procedure.

10. Type „H‟ ◄┘ for batch command and indicate the cross section and indicate brick
work, concrete and sand filling etc.,

11. Thus by following above steps required plan is obtained.

RESULT: The given plan, section and elevation of a single storeyed building is drawn as per
specifications using software AUTOCAD.

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 Experiment No: 05
DRAWING OF PLANS OF BUILDINGS USING SOFTWARE FOR
MULTISTOREYED BUILDING

Aim: To draw the plan of single storeyed building using the various commands in AutoCAD

Command Used And Their Description: -

Zoom – It is used to zoom the object created.

Units – Used to set the current format for units of measure.
Line –Line commands allows creating a line where the end points allow creating
a line where the end points are dimensional co-ordinates.
Line type – using this command different type of lines can be used to draw object.
Offset – create a news object at a specified distance from an existing object or through a
specified point.
Fillet - This command is basically used for rounding off edges
Trim – trims off an object using cutting edges defined by other
objects.2 Break – removes only a part of an object.
Arc – Used to create an arc segment. Methods are:
1. 3 Points,
2. Start, Center, End
3. Start, Center, Angle
4. Center, Start, End
5. Center, Start, Angle
6. Start, Center, Length
7. Center, Start, Length
8. Start, End, Angle
9. Start, End, Radius
10. Start, End, Diameter
11. Continue

Copy- Moves the selected objects from a given square to destination, learning a copy
at the originally selected location.

Rotate- rotate objects around a specified point

Move- moves object to the destination place from the source place
B Hatch – makes shaded patterns as matter of few picks and
clicks away Extend – elongates an object to a boundary
defined by other objects Erase – used to erase the unwanted

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 objects
Text – creates text object with specified height and orientation
O snap – AutoCAD displays the object snaps tab in drafting setting dialog box. If we enter O
snap at command prompt it presents options on the command line.
Procedure:

Results:
The functional requirements of the multi storeyed building is planned and the plan drawn in
AutoCAD 2016.

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 Experiment No: 06
DEVELOPING SECTIONS AND ELEVATIONS FOR SINGLE
STOREYED BUILDING

AIM: - To draw elevation of a single storied building

SOFTWARE:- Auto cad – 2016

PROCEDURE:-

1. Type U (enter) change units in meters.

2. Type L (enter) to give line command and type dimensions as 0.8m. Indicate the direction
of the line is ortho is ON.

3. Type 0(enter) for offset command and type offset distance as 0.15 (enter) then, click
inside where parallel line is required

4. Type „Tr‟ (enter) for trim command trim the extra lines.

5. By typing „DT‟ (enter) text command is given to write the

text. By typing „DLI‟ (enter) dimensioning is also given.

6. By adopting the above command, the elevation of a single storied building is drawn
with dimensions.

7. The size of dimensions and the size of arrows can be changed by typing D (enter)
command.

8. By typing „C‟ (enter) to give circle command.

RESULT:-

The elevation of a single storied building is drawn as per dimensions using the Software Auto
CAD.

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 Experiment No: 07
DEVELOPING SECTIONS AND ELEVATIONS FOR MULTI STORIED
BUILDING

AIM: - To draw the elevation of multi storied building.

SOFTWARE: - AUTO CAD – 2016

PROCEDURE: -

1. Type U (enter) change units in meters.

2. Type L (enter) to give line command and type dimensions indicate the direction of the
line s Ortho ON.

3. Type 0 (enter) for offset command and type offset distance then click inside
where parallel lines is required.

4. Type Tr (enter) for trim command and turn the extra lines.

5. By typing DT (enter) text command and to give the text.

6. By typing DLI (enter) dimensioning is also given.

7. By adopting the above command, the elevation of a multi storied building is

drawn with dimensions.

8. The size of dimensions and size of arrows can be changed by typing D (enter) command.

9. After completing the drawing of elevation save it.

RESULT: -

Thus, by following procedure the elevation of multi storied building is obtained.

By: Er. Anoop Singh Page 22 of 25

 EXPERIMENT NO: 08
DETAILING OF BUILDING COMPONENTS LIKE DOORS,
WINDOWS, USING CAD SOFTWARE
INTRODUCTION:

Doors are the means to provide access to the rooms of a building. A door consists of a frame and
one or two shutters or leaves. Accordingly, they are called as single shuttered or double shuttered
doors.

DOOR FRAME:

A door frame consists of two vertical members called styles and two horizontal members one at
top called as top rail and one bottom rail (or) threshold. The top rail is projected beyond the styles
by about 150mm and these projections are known as horns. These are built into masonry for
keeping in position M.S. clamps of flat iron are fixed to the vertical styles on the outer side
known as „Hold fast‟ in the shape of letter „Z‟. These are embedded into masonry wall to hold
the frame in position.

AIM: To draw the components of doors and windows in AUTOCAD.

SOFTWARE: AUTOCAD 2016.

PROCEDURE:

1. Type „U‟ ◄┘ (enter) change units in meters.

2. Type „L‟ ◄┘ to give line command and type dimensions as 0.8m indicate
the direction of the line if ortho is ON.

3. Type „O‟ ◄┘ for offset command and type offset distance as 0.15 ◄┘ then

click Inside, where parallel lines is required.

4. Type „Tr‟ ◄┘ for trim command trim the extra lines.

5. By typing „DT‟ ◄┘ text command is given to write the text.

6. By typing „DLT‟ ◄┘ dimensioning is also given.

7. By adopting the above command doors and windows are drawn with dimensioning and
text

8. The size of dimensions and the size of arrows can be changed by typing D ◄┘ Command.

RESULT: The doors and windows are drawn as per dimensions using the software AUTOCAD.

By: Er. Anoop Singh Page 23 of 25

 EXPERIMENT NO: 09
DEVELOPMENT OF BUILDING COMPONENTS FOR ROOF
TRUSSES USING CAD SOFTWARE

AIM: To draw the truss using Auto CAD software.

SOFTWARE: AutoCAD 2016

THEORY:

Truss is a structural member which has a load bearing capacity. Steel truss is an economical
member which is designed for larger spans greater than 6mts. It is designed with different
members either single or composite in section with various standard shape and size, like IAS,
IRS, ISHB, ISMB etc. for the fabrication of trusses.

All the members of truss are designed to take different type of trusses in different members
(direct tensile or compressive stress) which depends upon there position in the truss, as there
should be no bending or deflection developed in the truss. The height and slope of the truss
depends upon the central effective span (centre to centre distance from supports) and also the
type of loads coming over the roof. (wind load and dead load). All the members in the truss are
fixed in there position by different methods either by riveting, nut bolting and welding. Above
the design structure a thin roofing material is used to serve the purpose of roofing which is laid
over intermediate horizontal perlings or battens which are kept together with joineries (nut
bolting, nut screwing, riveting etc.)

PROCEDURE:

1. Type Un ◄┘ to change the units in to meters.

2. Type L ◄┘ to give line command and give the dimensions to the command. Indicate
the direction of the line by keeping ortho in „ON‟

3. Type O ◄┘ for offset command and type the distance of the offset and click
inside where parallel lines are required.

4. Type „Tr‟ ◄┘ command to trim all the extra lines which are not necessary

5. Type „DT‟ ◄┘ command to write the text at any part of the truss.

6. Type „DLI‟◄┘ command to give dimensions.

7. Type „Mirror‟ ◄┘ command to indicate another half of the truss.

By: Er. Anoop Singh Page 24 of 25

 8. The size of arrows and the dimension lines can be changed by typing D ◄┘ command

9. Type line type ◄┘ command to indicate the dotted lines.

RESULT: The truss is drawn as per dimensions using AutoCAD software.

By: Er. Anoop Singh Page 25 of 25

By: Er. Anoop Singh Page 26 of 25