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moo-e FORMAL Fount “| ee ee he theory of Poamot langucige axpplicobitity ettenstuely fn dine Frets a onomsky goue & mosis riodlal OF Grou) ' P a fo. lage winitle is efrécttve for a of — Giammoay- 4 A qrammoad G can be Peimally wate a iB meee CNT, 50) Whine’ 3 xriot Vo 9s eek of vortabler OL NOn- ferrojrat Synbols - 3 — £7 of f6 asek Of lewminal symbols es fa speci Vositibte catloo! dre sare % Sen XP Ps procuct? aul fox JevrmminalseNe ternonaly ; A product? arte has the Fown M>B , Whee “9 Oe Stings on NoL sna syle) OF oe: Basic FO Vay romadt Cri, Ae ise, ages ae A Owe, : | SpA eB axe NON- otra! ad ae (ab cm tewnfacd symbols s fetho stat Sqyrabo) Sen Paoduck®s prs AB, pra /B2b. 2 Grammnes Qa: EISASs {a,b Ls bes OAb, an aakb, A > 96 ) Hede, : SoA AAV ae leymipol se? ) OD. agpb an ternofnaly Syn bol. « e fs an empty Shing. SfO the Stast SsyMteo], SEN | Peductop: ss an b OAFAACAb, Roe bos a Product? L>B,n~e 7 Of — Deaivam Foon ao Grammar. Shing may be Cartived Ran other sHirgs ay the poclucks 7 gyammmar 1A greowl y dashed PHY fa Ga. Tht Leia , eee Tee SAE Lae US con stoton he goann mas | Ga C§siAR, ao Sy Essen ons aay Asef) Bo toe y Sorta OF ane stings trat con bx doalvedl ose “ SSOhb using produc” $2 OAb aM =>aahbb using Arccluct” a Asano SoacAbbb usthy produc? ah soflle “ > Ada bbb using Pasoluck? ASE > va the set OF all chings hat cou bee oneal Qacmnrces f5 sate fo ke dhe lanquoge ge } faow drat gacrmenes aba sulosel. Poa nod by. LG) ef wre 2% Saw? te LCG J= LG) the gaammer Gy fs equivalent 10 tho geammax Ga 5 ae thee UO gaammas. ee D as Scanned wth Camscanner05 ie Luna} Te fo be eel A>a,” . | gm bs * pew S Produca AB & he con . aoplace ee % BeyBb «| row the only eceopted Hing Ls if, 1 (oe) = fabs ’ ey suppose Wwe Ihave. tho Palwowing gqoeenaos = 1 S)A/B3 T=fa,b? pejssaB, ArAA lon > belo? The langucge gnedated by this qoamames ; Lia) =f ab, o&b ab? A%tRr..-- 2 = Lam brpeemed eg 021} —Conmaer ck? OF. A geanomay gent Png a. teungeiage. . met consfolra Beme, languages & convalt IC fabo.e: gaommey Ge. whic. prootuce? frose larg Ysuppos. ,) CO) =fAMb?:MS6 anreltiiy = we Wave fo Pind out he Grarimer GQ Wwhith | Produces 2 Ch) 2 sine @LCO=faPb”rmso enogy © Scanned wth Camscanner. the sting set f bab, bb @ab, Ohh =o es O38 ;AeA BA 2 8 of (ek Lead= 24; ob, bb, ices jthe staat Sgro vol has to fake , ne- oF tay fe pareve! by ony the product: tae Teg) Babe Bs be eS Bos beGccaptedl #52 BSbB-> bb (acapted) 55> assapsab (cctapted ). ®¥SS assaas >Aadds act b Cactoptes { Fs2 O53 aps a bbsa bb, (actepted) TRY) we cou prove single ontey 0 Lod actepted bythe language re UctO cot. Horne the qoaromar ‘ Y Oe mrp fo 32 8 £5305), sbi bw Scanned wth CamScannerCHOMSKY CLASSIFICATION OF LANGUAGE ‘Scanned with ComScannerChomsky Classification of Grammars According to Noam Chomosky, there are four types of grammars - Type 0, Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. The following table shows how they differ from each other Grammar Grammar Accepted Language Accepted Automaton ‘Type Type 0 Unrestricted Recursively enumerable Turing Machine grammar language Type 1 Context-sensitive Context-sensitive language _Linear-bounded grammar automaton Type 2 Context-free Context-free language Pushdown automaton grammar Type 3 Regular grammar Regular language Finite state automaton Scanned wth CamScannerTake a look at the following illustration. It shows the scope of each type of grammar — a — Recursively Enumerable | cme tne \ | er | | , | N | Context - Free | | \ Scanned wth CamScannerType - 3 Grammar Type-3 grammars generate regular languages. Type-3 grammars must have a single non-terminal on the left-hand side and a right-hand side consisting of a single terminal or single terminal followed by a single non-terminal. The productions must be in the form X > aorX > aY where X, Y © N (Non terminal) and a T (Terminal) The rule S$ > € is allowed if S$ does not appear on the right side of any rule.Example XD_E X>a|aY Y>bType - 2 Grammar Type-2 grammars generate context-free languages. The productions must be in the form AYy where A € N (Non terminal) and y € (T u N)* (String of terminals and non-terminals). These languages generated by these grammars are be recognized by a non-deterministic pushdown automaton Scanned wth CamScannerExample S>Xa X>a X > aX X > abc XDe_EType - 1 Grammar Type-1 grammars generate context-sensitive languages. The productions must be in the form aAB>D>ayB where A € N (Non-terminal) and a, B, y © (T U N)* (Strings of terminals and non-terminals) The strings a and B may be empty, but y must be non-empty. The rule S > € is allowed if S does not appear on the right side of any rule. The language generated by these grammars are recognized by a linear bounded automaton.Example AB > AbBc A> bcA B>bType - 0 Grammar Type-O grammars generate recursively enumerable languages. The productions have no restrictions. They are any phase structure grammar including all formal grammars. They generate the languages that are recognized by a Turing machine. The productions can be in the form of a > B where ais a string of terminals and non terminals with at least one non terminal and acannot be null. Bis a string of terminals and non-terminals.Example S > ACaB Bc > acB CB > DB aD > Db© Hanguage @ theis Rotation ecu Pee Po, Leb, Leek e% La clonetad Loge. eer, Aahinfe? te Poltons thak Hekate ey Lesi ets —panpeety 29 Pisce AAS ECS), ek Q 59. ¥.3_952 ‘Scanned with ComScanner“_conkett fice GFlamme G wlth Peoduck” of: RAR < _. the form. yA Ah ae aes ‘equdvalent bo contantt” Free. cu. which lag no pacoluct? of the Reino sme. (6 cteosn’t Appeas ON dhe AE Stole OF product) SoG & tontertk sensPife. This Paoven UOR of conterck Foe language subst OP contort sensftfve langucrge —Papperty 2 x Rocurshe % Kosussfie enuumercble set Foy da ffaing socussfue ee we nocd Hw cdobio? i OF a procaclut ep algorithm. _paocacluse : A procodltan For aoa oO pProbuum 2 @ Frat Sequiance. oF thst? which can be mochantteully « Cossfed out cy type OF iP - “Algoat finn : Av Alasnitono fs a parocectuse that pernrincctes Aris & Pirate no. of steps Pov any Yp- Ast x & secustve FF no have a Ugaritiony fo detenmint whats a Elman er aaaCie eee cis Sse Gris ‘Scanned with ComScanner
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