PHYSICS

46
INTRODUCTION
The study of Physics addresses the ways in which energy and matter interact in the universe. It is with this in
mind that this syllabus has been developed to cquip the learner physical environment and the rapidly changing
technology.
The syllabus introduces the traince to the necessary basic concepts in Physics.11
emphasises not only the understanding of the fundamental scientific concepts and
principles but also the experimental approach ofinvestigation. The experimental approach
should prepare the learner to present scientific concepts and ideas in a rational logical
order.
The course comprises of 43 topics that have been systematically organised in a spiral form to be covered in
seven terms. Terms 8 and 9 are used for teaching practice.
The teaching and learning experiences employ a scientific methodology that is learner centred to arouse
reasoning, creativity and positive attitudes in the learner.
To help the learner to be a good teacher, the professional aspect of the course has been introduced in the
second year ofstudy as subject method.
Suggested teaching and learning resources and modes of assessment have been inco-oporated in the syllabus.
Emerging issues have also been addressed.
It is envisaged that this syllabus should be able to produce a qualified and professional teacher,who will
efficiently handle modern challenges of teaching Physics

GENERAL OBJECTIVES
By the end of the course, the learner will be able to:
1. Teach Physics in secondary schools competently.
2.Attain a level of academic competence well above secondary level.
3.Have mastered Physies learned in secondary schools.
4. Demonstrate teaching-learning strategies suited to secondary school level.
5. Acquire knowledge, skills, attitudes and values for learning-leaching of Physics.
6. Help learners to develop their potential interests and abilities.
7. Equip the learners with necessary knowledge, skills and attitudesto solve problems in their
environment.
8. Help the learners to blend the traditional technology with rapidly changing technology.
9. Use and apply ICT skills in teaching and learning of physics.
10.Appreciate and promote the role of Physics in the international community.
11. Appreciate and explain the role of Physics in promoting health in society.
12.Inco-operate emerging issues in the teaching and learning of Physics.

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 COURSE SUMMARY
CODE TOPIC SUGGESTED
YEAR TIME
NO
ALLOCATION
(HRS)
1.0.0 Physical quantities and measurements 24
2.0.0 Force, momentum and equilibrium 12
3.0.0 Force, motion and momentum 16
1`st year 4.0.0 Linear motion 12
5.0.0 Projectiles 8
6.0.0 Uniform circular motion 12
7.0.0 Rotation of rigid bodies 12
8.0.0 Work, energy power and machines 12
9.0.0 Pressure and Archimedes principles 16
10.0.0 Fluid dynamics 10
11.0.0 Mechanical Properties of Matter 16
12.0.0 Geometric optics 24
13.0.0 Gas laws 12
14.0.0 Magnetism 6
15.0.0 Thermal propertics of matter 30
16.0.0 Black body radiation 14
17.0.0 Physical optics 22
18.0.0 Waves 12
19.0.0 Sound waves 18

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 Simple Harmonic motion (S.H.M)- 18
21.0.0
Cell and D.C circuits 2

Electrostatics
4

Electric fields 6
0

24.0.0 Gravitation 18
25.0.0 Particulate nature and structure of matter 10
nd
2 year 26.0.0 3
Introduction to the teaching of Physics
27.0.0 Physics in school curriculum 3

28.0.0 Planning for instruction I" 6

29.0.0 Electromagnetic fields 22
Electromagnetic induction 24
31.0.0 Mains electricity 12
32.0.0 A.C electricity 24
33.0.0 Charges in fields 14
34.0.0 Planning for instruction Il 6
35.0.0 Evaluation in Physics- 6
36.0.0 Atomic and nuclear physics 36
37.0.0 Electronics 42
38.0.0 Photoelectric effects 12
39.0.0 X-rays 6
Resource organisation and management 6
Emerging issues/contemporary 6
41.0.0
42.0.0 Secondary school physics 30-
90
3rd year 43.0.0 Teaching practice preparation

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 YEAR ONE
1.0.0 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND MEASUREMENTS (24 HRS)
1.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) define a physical quantity
b) define fundamental and derived quantise
c) list the seven fundamental quantities
d) give examples of derived quantities
e) derive the formulae of physical quantities by dimensions
f) explain the limitations of using dimensions
g) compare the dimensional homogeneity in formulae
h) define the standard units of measurement
i) state the basic SI units
j) express measurements in standard form
k) express quantities in correct number of significant figures
1)use prefixes in expressing quantities
m) use measuring instruments accurately
n) explain the sources of errors in measuring instruments and devices
o) define random and systematic errors
p) demonstrate how to minimize random errors
q) estimate errors of sum, difference, product, quotient and power
r) determine errors from graphs
s) draw various graphs
t) interpret various graphs (slopes or gradients and intercepts)
u) define scalars and vectors
v) add and subtract vectors by parallelogram and triangle laws
W) resolve vectors
x) identify the main features of a scientific calculator
y) operate the calculator accurately in solving numerical problems
z) express the answer obtained from a calculator in correct significant figures.
1.2.0 CONTENT
1.2.1 Definition of a physical quantity
1.2.2 Definition of fundamental and derived quantities
1.2.3 Examples of derived quantities
1.2.4 Derivation of the formulae of physical quantities by dimensions
1.2.5 Limitation of dimensions
1.2.6 Dimensional homogeneity in formulae
1.2.7 Standard units of measurement
1.2.8 Basic SI units
1.2.9 Standard form
1.2.10 Significance figures
1.2.11 Prefixes
1.2.12 Measurement of measuring instruments
1.2.13 Sources of errors in measuring instruments and devices
1.2.14 Random and systematic errors
1.2.15 Demonstration on how to minimize random errors
1.2.16 Errors of sum, difference, product, quotient and power
1.2.17 Errors from graphs
1.2.18 Interpret various graphs

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1.2.19 Scalar and vectors
1.2.20 Parallelogram and triangle laws
1.2.21 Resolved vectors
1.2.22 Features of a scientific calculator
1.2.23 Solved numerical problems using a calculator
1.2.24 Expressing answers from a calculator in correct significant figures

1.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

Metre rule
Vernier calipers
Micrometer screw gauge
Thermometers
Stop watch
Calculator
Traveling microscope
Measuring cylinder
Beam balances
Spring balances

2.0.0 FORCES,MOMENTS AND EQUILIBRIUM -(12 HRS)

2.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) define force
b) state types of forces
c) describe types of forces
d) describe effects of a force
e) use the vector laws to add and subtract forces
f) use triangle and parallelogram laws to get resultant force
g) define centre of gravity
h) resolve the force into vertical and horizontaI components
i) define moment of a force
j) determine centre of gravity of laminar objects (regular and irregular)
k) state the principle of moment
1) verify experimentally the principle of moments
m) define couple and torque
n) describe stable, neutral and unstable equilibrium
o) solve problems on forces and moments.

2.2.0 CONTENT
2.2.1 Definition of force
2.2.2 Types of forces
2.2.3 Effects of forces
2.2.4 Vector laws
2.2.5 Triangle and parallelogram laws
2.2.6 Centre of gravity
2.2.7 Addition of forces
2.2.8 Resolution of forces into vertical and horizontal components

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2.2.9 Definition of moment of a force
2.2.10Centre of gravity of laminar objects
2.2.11 Principle of moment
2.2.12 Verification of principle of moments
2.2.13 Couple and Torque
2.2.14 States of equilibrium
2.2.15 Problems on forces and moments

2.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

Spring balance
Plumbline
Thin card boards (laminar)
Stands and boss
Magnets
Ebonite rod
Glass rod
Acetate rods
Masses
A cone or Bunsen burner
Metre rule
Knife edge blocks of wood
Charged bodies

3.0.0 FORCES,MOTION AND MOMENTUM - (16 HRS)

3.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) state Newton's laws of motion
b) define linear momentum
c) relate force, momentum and impulse
d) state the law of conservation of linear momentum
e) verify experimentally Newton's 2nd law of motion (F=ma)
f) define elastic and inelastic collision
g) define friction
h) define the coefficient of dynamic and static friction
i) determine the coefficient of static and dynamic friction
j) use prínciple of conservation of momentum and kinetic energy to solve
problems in linear and oblique collisions.

3.2.0 CONTENT
3.2.1 Newton's laws of motion
3.2.2 Linear momentum
3.2.3 Force, momentum and impulse
3.2.4 Law of conservation of linear momentum
3.2.5 Verification of Newton's law of motion
3.2.6 Collisions (linear and oblique)
3.2.7 Friction
3.2.8 Motion and coefficient of friction (static and dynamic)
3.2.9 Problems on linear and oblique collitions

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3.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Container
Coin
Dynamic trolley
Runway
Ticker timer tape
Stopwatch
Sprinkler
Hose pipe
Table tennis ball
Ice pack
Dry ice
Wooden blocks
Spring balance
Oil
Ball bearing or rollers

4.0.0 LINEAR MOTION (12 HRS)

4.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic,the learner should be able to;
a) define distance, displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration
b) calculate distance and displacement moved at constant velocity
c) distinguish between uniformly and non-uniformly accelerated motion
d) derive the equations of motion
e) draw and interpret graphs of motion (velocity -time and displacement-time
graphs)
f) determine instantaneous and average velocity
g) determine experimentally the erth's gravitational pull
h) determine velocity and acceleration using ticker timer
i) calculate relative velocities for bodies moving with constant velocity
j) solve problems on linear motion.

4.2.0 CONTENT
4.2.1 Distance, displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration
4.2.2 Calculation of distance and displacement moved at constant velocity
4.2.3 Uniformly and non-uniformity accelerated motion
4.2.4 Equations of motion
4.2.5Graphs of motion, displacement-time graph and velocity-time graphs
4.2.6 Instantancous and average velocity
4.2.7 Motionunder gravity (free fall)
4.2.8 Ticker timer tape analysis
4.2.9 Relative velocity
4.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACIING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Dynamic trolleys
Ticker timer
Runways
Masses (slotted type)
Strings
Ticker timer tape

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 ·Blocks of wood
12 volt AC source

5.0.0 PROJECTILES - (8 HRS)

5.1.0 Specific Objectives

By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) explain trajectory, time of flight, range and angle of projection
b) explain the independence of vertical and horizontal velocity components
c) explain centripetal acceleration and centripetal force
d) derive the equations for the range time of flight velocity, maximum height,
vertical and horizontal displacement and trajectory of a projectile
e) calculate the time of flight, maximum height and range of projectile
f) explain everyday examples of projectile and their applications
g) solve problems on projectiles for various angles of projection.

5.2.0 CONTENT
5.2.1 Motion of a projectile
5.2.2 Vertical and horizontal velocity components
5.2.3 Maximum height, range on horizontal plane and time of flight
5.2.4 Applications of projectiles
5.2.5 Problems on projectiles
5.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Curved rope
Marble
Carbon paper
Charts
Photographs
Metre rule

6.0.0 UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION (12 HRS)

6.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) define angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration
b) state equations of circular motion
c) calculate force and acceleration in circular motion
d) describe motion of a conical pendulum
e) derive expressions for tension and period for a conical pendulum
f) demonstrate action of speed governor as an application of conical pendulum
g) describe banking as applied to roads
h) solve problems in circular motion.
6.2.0 CONTENT
6.2.1 Angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration
6.2.2 Equations of uniform circular motion
6.2.3 Centripetal and centripetal
6.2.4 Calculation of force and acceleration of circular motion
6.2.5 Motion of conical pendulum
6.2.6 Tension and period for a conical pendulum
6.2.7 Application of conical pendulum in speed governor
6.2.7 Problems on uniform circular motion

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6.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Gramaphone
Conical pendulum (metal bob and string)
Stop watch
Centrifuge
Electrical motor
Piece of cardboard
Record player
Hollow tube
Masses

7.0.0 ROTATION OF RIGID BODIES - (12 HRS)

7.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) define moment of inertia
b) derive expression of moment of inertia of thin ring, thin rod and disc
c) calculate translational kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy of a rotating
body
d) explain the use of a fly wheel in a motor vehicle
e) determine experimentally the moment of inertia of a rigid body
f) solve problems using equations of uniformly accelerated rotational motion.

7.2.0 CONTENT
7.2.1 Moment of inertia
7.2.2 Moment of inertial of thin ring, thin rod
7.2.3 Kinetic energy of rotation and translation
7.2.4 Fly wheel
7.2.5 Moment of inertia of rigid body
7.2.6 Problems on uniformly accelerated rotational motion
7.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
·Rod
· Disc
Ring
· Fly wheel
Turn table
Slotted masses
Ticker timer
Ticker timer tape
Kunaway

8.0.0 WORK,ENERGY,POWER AND MACHINES - (12 HRS)

8.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) define work and energy
b) relate work and energy
c) draw a graph of variable force against displacement

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 d) use the graph of variable force against displacement to determine work done
e) define potential energy and state its formula
f) define kinetic energy
g) derive kinetic energy formula
h)state the work energy theorem
i) show the relation between kinetic energy and work
j)state the sources of energy (renewable and non-renewable)
k) explain renewable and non-renewable sources of energy and give examples
1)state the principle of conservation of energy
m) use work energy theorem to illustrate the principle of conservation of
energy
n) explain how energy is transformed from one form to another
0) define power
p) define conservative and non-conservative force
q) give examples of conservative andnon-conservative forces
r) define a machine
s) define mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency of a simple
machine
1)solve problems related to work, energy, power and simple machines

8.2.0 CONTENT
8.2.1 Definition work and energy
8,2.2 Relate work and energy
8.2.3 Graph of variable force against displacement to determine work done
8.2.4 Potential energy
8.2.5 Kinetic energy and the work energy theorem
8.2.6 Kinetic energy and work
8.2,7 Sources of energy
8.2,8 Conservation of energy
8.2.9 Work energy theorem used to illustrate principle of conservation of energy
8.2.10 Transformation of energy
8.2.11 Power
8.2.12 Conservative and non-conservative forces
8.2.13 Simple machines
8.2.14 Problem solving on work, energy, power and simple machines

8.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

Blocks of wood
Bench/table
Heavy body e.g log
Metre rule/tape measure
Bulbs
Kerosene lamp/candle
Pit manure
Drill/propeller
Stop-clock

9.0.0 PRESSURE AND ARCHIMEDES' PRINCIPLE (16 HRS)

9.1.0 Specific Objectives

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 By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) define pressure and state its SI unit
b) determine pressure exerted by solids
c) describe experiments to investigate pressure in fluids
d) derive the expression of pressure in a fluid
e) state the principle of transmission of pressure in fluids (Pascal's principle)
f) explain atmospheric pressure and its effects
g) measure pressure using barometer, bourden gauge and simple barometer
i) explain the working of devices based on pressure
k) solve problems involving pressure, Archemedes's Principle and law of
flotation.

9.2.0 CONTENT
9.2.1 Pressure
9.2.2 Pressure in solids
9.2.3 Pressure in fluids
9.2.4 Principle of transmission of pressure in fluids (Pascal's principle)
9.2.5 Atmospheric pressure
9.2.6 Measurement of pressure
9.2.7 Archimedes' principle and law of flotation
9.2.8 Applications of pressure
9.2.9 Applications of Archimedes' principle and law of flotation
9.2.10 Problem solving on pressure, Archimedes and the law of flotation
9.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Wooden blocks
Masses (slotted type)
Glass tubes
Mercury
Beakers
Long rubber tubing
Polythene sheets
Strings
Rubber sucker
Smooth surface
Rubber tubing
Gas cylinder
Syringes
Pressure box
Bourdon gauge
Spring balance
Peg board stand
Over flow can
Stand and boss
Measuring cylinder
Funnel
Rubber bands
Test tubes
Ball bearings
Cotton wool

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10.0.0 FLUID DYNAMICS - (10 HRS)
10.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) describe steady and turbulent flow
b) explain streamlines in a steady flow
c) derive the equation of continuity for an incompressible fluid
d) derive and state the Bernoulli's equation
e) describe the application of Bernoulli's effect in everyday life (Bunsen burner,
venturi tubes, paint sprayers, aerosol sprays and suctions pumps)
f) describe the effect of fluid friction on the motion of bodies in fluid
g) draw and explain velocity-time graph for a body moving in fluids
h) describe terminal velocity
i) derive stokes law by the method of dimensions
j) determine the coefficient of viscosity of water, glycerine or oil
k) solve problems involving fluid flow.
10.2.0 CONTENT
10.2.1Steady and turbulent flow
10.2.2Streamlines and their properties
10.2.3Equation of continuity
10.2.4 Pressure variation in fluids flowing in tubes
10.2.5 Bernoulli's effect and equation
10.2.6 Explanation of velocity -time graph for a body moving in fluids
10.2.7 Viscosity and terminal velocity
10.2.8 Stoke's law
10.2.9 Coefficient of viscosity of water, glycerine or oil
10.2.10 Problems on fluid flow

10.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

Glass tube
Rubber tube
Potassium permanganate
Venturi meter
Pitot-static tube
Marble
Tall glass cylinder
Liquid (glycerol, motor oil)
Stopwatch
Rubber bands
Constant head apparatus
Beaker
Measuring cylinder

11.0.0 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER - (16 HRS

11.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) state Hooke's law
b) verify experimentally Hooke's law

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 c) determine the spring constant for springs in parallel and series arrangement
d) define and determine limit of elasticity
e) define young's modulus
f) derive young's modulus formula
g) define and explain breaking stress
h)calculate the energy stored in a stretched wire or spring
i) explain notch effect
j) describe the behaviour of malleable, ductile and brittle materials under the
action of forces.
k) solve problems involving Hooke's law and Young's Modulus.
11.2.0 CONTENT
11.2.1 Hooke's law and its verification
11.2.2 Spring constant for springs in parallel and in series arrangemer
11.2.3 Limit of elasticity
11.2.4 Young's modulus
11.2.5 Breaking stress
11.2.6 Energy stored in a stretched wire or spring
11.2.7 Notch effect
11.2.8 Malleability, ductility and brittleness
11.2.9 Problems on Hooke's law
11.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACIIING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Spiral springs
Refort stand
Masses
Wooden beams
Two identical wires
Vernier scale
Malleable ductile and brittle materials
Metre rule
Glass rod
Triangular file

12.0.0 GEOMETRICAL OPTICS (24 HRS)

12.1.0 Specific Objectves
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) state laws of reflection
b) explain the formation of images by plane reflectors (mirrors)
c) describe the characteristics of images formed by curved reflectors
(mirrors)
d) determine the focal length of a curved mirror
e) derive the curved mirror formula
f) describe the uses of curved reflectors
g) verify the laws of refraction (Snell's law)
h) explain total internal reflection
i) state the conditons for total internal reflection.
j) describe applications of internal reflection
k) state and derive the thin lens formula

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 1) determine the characteristics of images formed by thin lenscs.
m) use the lens formula to determine the position of image
n) determine the magnification by lenses
o) explain the dispersion of white light.
p) explain the occurrence and correction of chromatic aberration in lenses
q) explain the operation of a lens camera.
r) describe the similarities between the human eye and the camera
s) describe the operation of the telescope and compound microscope
t) solve problems involving lenses and mirrors

12.2.0 CONTENT
12.2.1 Reflection from plane reflectors
12.2.2 Laws of reflection
12.2.3 Images formed by plane reflectors
12.2,4 Reflection from curved reflectors
12.2.5 Curved mirror formular
12.2.6 Images formed by curved reflectors
12.2.7 Uses of curved reflectors
12.2.8 Refraction of light at a plane boundary
12.2.9 Snell's law
12.2.10 Dispersion of white light by a prism
12.2.11 Total internal reflection
12.2.12 Application of refraction and total internal reflection(periscope,mirage, optical
fibre)
12.2.13 Thin lens formula
12.2.14 Image formed by thin lens
12.2.15 Magnification by lenses
12.2.16 Chromatic aberration in lenses
12.2.17 Application of lenses (camera, human eye, simple microscope, telescope,
compound microscope)
12.2.18 Problems on lenses and mirrors
12.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Plane mirrors
Curved mirrors
Glass block
Semi-circular glass block
Thin lens prisms
Compound microscope
Telescope
Camera
Hand lens
Simple microscope
Prisms

13.0.0 GAS LAWS (12 HRS)

13.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) state gas laws

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 b) verify gas laws
c) determine the absolute temperature
d) explain real and ideal gas
e) derive the equation of state
f) state and explain the assumptions of kinetic theory
g) state the pressure formula
h)explain temperature, volume and pressure in terms of kinetic theory
i) solve problems involving gas laws.

13.1.0 CONTENT
13.2.1 Gas laws and their verification
13.2.2 Absolute temperature
13.2.3 Real and ideal gas
13.2.4 Equation of state
13.2.5 Assumption of kinetic theory
13.2.6 Pressure formula,
13.2.7 Interpretation of temperature, volume and pressure in terms of kinetic theory
13.2.8 Problems on gas laws

13.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES

Perspex tube
Polystyrene plug
Rubber sheet
Thermometer
Source of heat
Tall beaker
Concentrated Sulphuric acid
Water bath
Bourdon pressure gauge
Glass tube
Reservoir of oil
Round bottomed flask
Rubber tube
Rubber bands

14.0.0 MAGNETISM - (6 HRS)

14.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) state types of magnets
b) plot magnetic field patterns
c) explain direction of magnetic fields
d) defne magnetic meridian, angle of dip and angle of inclination
e) distinguish between magnetic and non-magnetic materials
f) explain the magnetisation and demagnetisation using domain theory
g) determine the horizontal component of the earths magnetic field
h) sketch and explain the hysteresis curve
i) describe the application of magnets.
14.2.0 CONTENT
14.2.1 Types of magnets

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 14.2.2 Magnetic field of a bar magnet
14.2.3 Magnetic meridian,angle of dip and angle of inclination
14.2.4 The earth's magnetic field
14.2.5 Domain theory
14.2.6 Magnetisation and demagnetisation
14.2.7 Hysteresis curve
14.2.8 Application of magnets
14.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Bar magnets
Horse shoe magnet
Compass needle
Iron filings
Solenoid
U-shaped magnet
Ceramic magnet
Metre rule
Trough
Cork and pin
Dip circle
Copper
Iron
Steel
Cobalt
Wood
Glass rod
a.c and d.c source

15.0.0 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER (30 HRS)

15.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) distinguish between heat and temperature
b) explain the construction and working of different types of thermometers
c) define thermal expansivity
d) determine the coefficient of linear expansivity
e) state and explain modes of heat transfer
f) demonstrate experimentally different types of heat transfer
g) determine conductivities of a good and a bad conductor (Lee's disc)method
h) define specific heat capacity
i) determine and explain different methods of obtaining specific heat capacity
j) define latent heat of vaporization and fusion
k) determine latent heats of vaporization and fusion
I) explain change of state using kinetic theory of matter
m) define and explain the first law of thermodynamics
n)state and explain the second law of thermodynamics
o) explain the second law of thermodynamics in a carnot cycle as a simple
engine.
p) explain reversible and irreversible processes
q) explain isothermal and adiabatic changes
r) calculate work done in a carnot cycle

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 s) use the first and second law of thermodynamics to derive molar heat capacity
at constant pressure (Cp)and molar heat capacity at constant volume (Cv)
1) Demonstrate that the specific molar heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp)
minus specific molar heat capacity at constant volume C Cv , (Cp−Cv=R)equals a
constant(r)(Cp−Cv=R)
u) Show that the ratio of specific molar heat capacity at constant pressure to
specific molar heat capacity at constant volume is constant (C 12 =总)
v) Relate entropy to the second law of thermodynamics
w) Solve problems involving Cv, Cp, specific heat capacity and specific latent heat

15.2.0 CONTENT
15.2.1 Heat and temperature
15.2.2 Thermometers (liquid-in-glass, resistance, thermocouple, constant-volume gas,
radiation pyrometer)
15.2.3 Expansion and coefficients of linear explansivity
15.2.4 Heat, transfer and conductivities
15.2.5 Calorimetry; specific and latent heat capacity
15.2.6 Change of state
15.2.7 Heat and the first law of thermodynamics
15.2.8 Second law of thermodynamics
15.2.9 Carnot cycle
15.2.10 Reversible and irreversible process
15.2.11 Isothermal and adiabatic changes
15.2.12 Molar heat capacities,C p a
15.2.13 C p−C v =R
15.2 .14 C p =R
15.2.15 Entropy and second law of thermodynamics
15.2.16 Solve problems involving Cv, Vp specific heat capacity and specific latent heat

15.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCEN

Thermometers
Lee's dise
Metal block with deep hole
Thermometer
Calendar and Barnes'apparatus
Electrical apparatus for latent heat of vaporization
Model of engine
Kinetic theory model

16.0.0 BLACK BODY RADIATION (14HRS)

16.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able1o:
a) define a black body
b) describe how an ideal black body may be realized
c) explain black body radiation
d) describe the shape of energy distribution curves against wavelength
for black body radiation spectrum at different temperatures
e) state Stefan's and Wien's laws

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 f) explain different methods of measuring black body radiation
g) explain the sun as black body
h) use Stefan's and Wien's laws to estimate the temperature of the sun
and other hot bodies
i)explain Prevost's theory of heat exchange
j)explain rate of gain and lose of heat in terms of Newton's law of
cooling
k) explain green house effect
1) describe uses of green house effect
m) explain global warming and how it differs with green house effect
n) explain dangers of global warming
o) solve problem involving black body radiation

16.2.0 CONTENT
16.2.1 Black body and black body radiation
16.2.2 Energy distribution in the radiation spectrum
16.2.3Methods of detection
16.2.4 Stefan's and Wien's laws
16.2,5 Measuring black body radiation
16.2.6 The sun as a black body
16.2.7 Estimation of temperature of sun and other hot bodies using Stefan's and
Wien's law
16.2.8 Prevost's theory and Newton's law of cooling
16.2.9 Green house effect
16.2.10 Global warming
16.2.11 Problems on black body radiation
16.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
· Tin with a small hole
· Lummar and Pringsheim's apparatus
· Radiation pyrometers
· Model of green house

17.0.0 PHYSICAL OPTICS - (22 HRS)

17.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) explain constructive interference and destructive interference
b) describe and perform the Young's double slit experiment
c) describe and perform Newton's ring experiment
d) derive an equation for the conditions of maxima and minima for
interference fringes
e) define and explain diffraction
f) derive an equation for the conditions for maxima and minima
diffraction pattern
g) determine wavelength of light by diffraction grating
h) describe formation of spectrum by diffraction grating
i) explain central fringe and secondary fringes

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 j) explain polarization
k) demonstrate polarisation by reflection and by double refraction
m) solve problems on diffraction grating and interference patterns
17.2.0 CONTENT
17.2.1 Interference (constructive and destructive)
17.2.2 Young's double slit experiment
17.2.3 Newton's rings
17.2.4 Equation for the conditions of maxima and minima for interference
fringes

17.2.4 Diffraction
17.2.6 Equation for conditions for maxima and minima diffraction pattern
17.2.7 Diffraction grating
17.2.8 Diffraction at single slit
17.2.9 Central-diffraction grating and secondary fringes
17.2.10 Polarisation
17.2.11 Polarisation by reflection
17.2.12 Polarisation by double refraction
17.2.13 Problems on diffraction grating and interference patterns
17.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Board with vertical slits
· Single slits
Double slits
Multiple slits
Lamps
Screen
Fine hair
Razor blade
Monochromatic light source
Plasticine
Diffraction gratings
Colour filters
Pins, pencils
Meter rule
Converging lens
Long focus lens
Spherometer
Sodium Jamp
Spectrometer
Fresnels Biprism
Microscope slides
Traveling microscope
Mirror (plane)
Prism
Microscope
Tourmaline crystal
Nicol prism
Polaroids

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18.0.0 WAVES (12 HRS)
18.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) produce waves using strings, ripple tank, slinky spring
b) state and identify types of mechanical waves
c) define velocity, wavelength, frequency,period, wave front and amplitude of a
wave
d) derive the equation of wave motion,v=λ v=λf
e) distinguish between longitudinal and transverse waves,progressive and
stationary waves
f) distinguish between progressive and stationary waves
g) describe properties and characteristics of waves
h) demonstrate reflection, refraction, interference and diffraction of waves
i) determine the wavelength of light
j) derive the progressive wave equation
k) derive an expression for the stationary wave
1) apply Huygen's principle to explain reflection and refraction
m) solve problems on mechanical waves

18.2.0 CONTENT
18.2.1 Production and identification of waves
18.2.2 Velocity, wavelength, frequency, period, wave front and amplitude of a wave
18.2.3 Equation of wave motion V=2V = λf
18.2.4 Longitudinal and transverse waves
18.2.5 Progressive and stationary waves
18.2.6 Properties and characteristics of waves
18.2.7Stationary wave equation
18.2.8 Huygen's construction principle
18.2.9 Problems on mechanical waves
18.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Long thin beam or a meter rule
G clamp
Slotted masses
Converging lens
Diverging lens
Point source oflight
Power pack
Pulleys
Glass blocks
Stroboscope
Spirit level
Ammeter
Lamp
Low voltage power pack
A.F Generator
Bare copper wire
Stand and bosses
U-tubes
Ripple tank
Metal refectors

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 Motor vibrator
Slinky spring
Strings

19.0.0 SOUND WAVES (18 HRS)

19.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to,
a) describe the production and propagation of sound
b) describe the properties of sound
c) explain resonance, beats and doppler effect
d) demonstrate beat and derive the beat frequency formula
e) derive an expression for apparent frequency for relative motion of source and
observer
f) determine velocity of sound in air (echo and resonance methods)
g) solve problems on sound waves
19.2.0 CONTENT
19.2.1 Production and propagation of sound
19.2.2 Properties of sound
19.2.3 Velocity of sound
19.2.4 Beats and beat frequency formula
19.2.5 Sound waves in pipes, rods and strings
19.2.6 Doppler effect
19.2.7 Application of sound waves: industrial, medical
19.2.8 Problems on sound waves
19.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Electric bell
Thick glass bell jar
Rubber bung
Battery/dry cell
Switch
Connecting wires
Rubber
Cork
Vacuum pump
Stopwatch
Speaking tube
Loud-speaker
A.F generator
G.clamp
Vibrator
Pulley
Masses
Tuning forks
Sonometer
Long tube

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 YEAR TWO
20.0.0 SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (S.H.M) (18 HRS)
20.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) describe simple harmonic motion
b) state and explain examples of S.H.M
c) derive the equation of S.H.M.
d) derive equation for displacement, velocity and acceleration in S.H.M
e) derive equation for periodic time for simple harmonic oscillator
f) describe energy changes in S.H.M
g) sketch graphs of P.E, K.E and total energy
h) relate S.H.M and circular motion
i) demonstrate how damped oscillations are produced
j) define resonance and state conditions for it to occur
k) solve problems involving S.H.M

20.2.0 CONTENT
20.2.1 Simple harmonic motion
20.2.2 Examples of simple harmonic motion
20.2.3 Equations of simple harmonic motion
20.2.4 Energy consideration in S.H.M
20.2.5 Graphs of P.E,K.E and total energy
20.2.6 S.H.M in relation to circular motion

20.2.7 Damped oscillation

20.2.8 Forced oscillation
20.2.9 Resonance
20.2.10 Problems involving S.H.M
20.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
· Bob
· String
Dynamic trolley
Magnets
Aluminum plate
U-tube
Liquid (glycerol)
Barton's Pendulum
Watch glass
Marble

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21.0.0 CELLS AND D.C. CIRCUITS (24 HRS)
21.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) describe an electrolyte and non-electrolyte
b) distinguish between primary and secondary cells
c) deseribe the construction and chemical reactions in various primary and
secondary cells
d) describe how secondary cells are cared for and maintained
e) define e.m.f. and potential difference
D) state and verify experimentally Ohm's law
g) define resistance
h) determine the resistance of Ohmic and non-Ohmic conductors
i) describe types of resistors
j) determine the internal resistance of a cell
k) detine and determine the resistivity of an Ohmic conductor
1) calculate the effective resistance of resistors in parallel and series arrangement
m) state kirchoff's law for electric networks
n) convert galvanometers to ammeters using shunts and to voltmeters using
multipliers
o) explain the working of Wheatstone bridge,meter bridge and potentiometer
p) measure p.d. current, resistance, and internal resistance of a cell using
potentiometer
q) solve problems on Ohm's law and d.c circuits

21.2.0 CONTENT
21.2.1 Electrolyte and non-electrolyte
21.2.2- Primary and secondary cells (simple cell, Lead acid, Leclanche and
NiFe cell)
21.2.3 Care and maintainance of secondary cell
21.2.4 c.m.f and p.d
21.2.5 Ohm's law and resistance
21.2.6 Internal resistance
21.2.7 Resistivity
21.2.8 Resistors in parallel and series arrangement
21.2.9 Ohmic and non-ohmic devices
21.2.10 Kirchhoff's laws
21.2.11 Types of resistors (including carbon resistors)
21.2.12 Conversion of galvanometer to Ammeter or voltmeter
21.2.13 Bridge circuits (Wheatstone bridge, meter and potentiometer)
21.2.14 Uses of potentiometer
21.2.15 Problems on Ohm's law and d.c circuits
21.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Electrolytes
Non-electrolytes
Primary cells
Simple cell

81
 Leclanche cells
Secondary cells:
Lead acid
NiFe cell
Resistors (fixed & variable)
Connecting wires
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Switch (key)
Ohmic conductors
Non-ohmic conductors
Wheatstone bridge
Shunts
Multipliers
Galvanometer
Meter bridge
Potentiometer
Carbon resistors
Colour code

22.0.0 ELECTROSTATICS (6 HRS)

22.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) describe methods and mechanism of charging and discharging of bodies
b) use an electroscope to detect charges
c) use an electroscope to identify type of charge present
d) distinguish between conductors and insulators
e) describe the distribution of charge on conductors of various shapes
f) explain the working of Van de Graaff generators
g) describe the cause of lightning and precautions taken against dangers
h) construct a lightning arrestor.
22.2.0 CONTENT
22.2.1 Law of charges
22.2.2 Charging and discharging of bodies
22.2.3 The electroscope
22.2.4 Conductors and insulators
22.2.5 Distributions of charge on conductors
22.2.6 Van de Graaff generator
22.2.7 Atmospheric charge and lightning
22.2.8 Lightning arrestor

22.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERIALS

Electrophorous plate
Proof plane
Leaf electroscope
Polythene rods

81
 Spherical conductor
Pear-shaped conductor
Duster
Van de Graaff generator
Hamilton's mill
Candle
Metal rod
Pieces of paper
Round bottomed flask
Copper rod
Copper spikes
Copper plate

23. 0.0 ELECTRIC FIELDS (20 HRS)

23.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic,the learner should be able to;
a) draw and explain field patterns for point charges, spherical and plane charge
distribution
b) state and explain Coulomb's law
c) define electric field intensity
d) define electric potential
e) define potential difference
f) show the relationship between potential differences, potential gradient and
energy
g) calculate electric intensity, electric potential and potential energy for simple
charge distribution
h) define capacitance
i) describe common types of capacitors
j) state and explain factors which determine capacitance
k) define dielectric
1) calculate equivalent capacitance for parallel and series combinations
m)derive the expression for energy stored in a capacitor
n) describe charging and discharging of a capacitor
o) derive the expressions for charge current and voltage as functions of time
during charging and discharging
p) explain the time constant (RC) for a capacitor
q) determine capacitance of a capacitor
r) describe uses of capacitors
s) soIve problems on electric fields

23.2.0 CONTENT
23.2.1 Field patterns
23.2.2 Coulomb's
23.2.3 Electric field intensity, electric potential, potential difference, potential gradient and
energy

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23.2.4 Calculation involving electric intensity, electric potential and potential energy for
simple distribution
23.2.5 Capacitors and capacitance
23.2.6 Factors determining capacitance
23.2.7Dielectric
23.2.8 Types of capacitors
23.29 Capacitors combinations
23.2.10 Energy stored in a capacitor
23.2.11 Time constant RC
23.2.12 Measurement of capacitance
23.2.13 Uses of capacitors
23.2.14 Problems on electric fields
23.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Glass rod
· Spheres
Leyden jar
Mica dielectric
Paraffin waxed paper dielectric
Variable air capacitor (tuning capacitor)
Concentric sphere
Concentric spherical capacitor
· Masses
Resistor
Bulb
LED
File electrolyte capacitor

24.0 GRAVITATION (18 HRS)

Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) state and explain Kepler's laws of planetary motion
b) state Newton's law of universal gravitation
c) relate Kepler's law and Newton's laws
d) relategravitational pull (g) with universal gravitational constant (G)
e) compare the inertial mass with gravitational mass
f) describe the variations of g on the earth
g) describe how G is determined experimentally
i) apply Newton's law of universal gravitation to the motion of planets and
satellites
k) define gravitational field strength and gravitational potential of energy
1) derive the expression for the gravitational potential

81
 energy for a satellite in an orbit
n) determine the escape velocity of a satellite
o) explain weightlessness
p) solve problems related to gravitation

24.2.0 CONTENT
24.2.1 Keplers laws of planetary motion
24.2.2 Newton's law of universal gravitation
24.2.3 Relationship betwcen Keplers and Newton's law
24.2.4 Measuremcnt of gravitational constant
24.2.5 Inertial and gravitational mass
24.2.6 The gravitational field intensity and potential
24.2.7 Gravitational potential energy
24.2.8 Motion of planets and satellites
24.2.9 Potential and kinetic energy in the motion of satellites
24.2.10 Escape velocity
24.2.11 Parking orbits
24.2.12 Weightlessness
24.2.13 Problems involving gravitation
24.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
· 2 large lead spheres 115 mm in diameter
· U shaped tubes
·Beakers
· Spiral springs
· Model of universe

25.0.0 PARTICULATE NATURE AND STRUCTURE OF MATTER (10 HRS)

25.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) define diffusion
b) explain diffusion in fluids
c) state Graham's law of diffusion
d) state the factors affecting the rate of diffusion
e) describe how each factor affect the rate
f) perform and describe experiments to show that particles of matter are in random
motion
g) explain states of matter in terms of particle movement
h) determine experimentally the size an oil molecule
i) construct models of crystal structures
j) describe cubic structures
k) calculate lattice constant and parking fraction in cubic structures
1) Solve problems involving cubic structures
25.2.0 CONTENT
25.2.1 Diffusion in fluids
25.2.2 Graham's law
25.2.3Factors affecting the rate of diffusion
25.2.4 Brownian motion
25.2.5States of matter

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25.2.6 Size of a molecule
25.2.7 Crystals
25.2.8 Cubic structures
25.2.9Problems on cubic structures
25.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Smoke cell
Chalk/lycopodium powder
Tray
Oil
Straws
Marbles
Plasticine
Match stick
Ice
Potassium permanganate
Pieces of paper
Source of Hydrogen Chloride gas
Source of Ammonium Chloride gas
Metre rule
Molecular/atomic model structure kit

26.0.0 INTRODUCTION TO TEACHING OF PHYSICS - (3 HRS)

26.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) define science and physics
b) relate physics to other subjects
c) state objectives of teaching physics in secondary schools
d) list scientific attitudes and skills
e) relate physics to technology
f) explain the role of physics in nation building
g) discuss career opportunities in physics
h) list and discuss laboratory safety rules
26.2.0 CONTENT
26.2.1 Science and physics
26.2.2 Physics and other subjects
26.2.3 Objectives of teaching Physics
26.2.4 Scientific attitudes and skills
26.2.5 Physics and technology
26.2.6 Physics in nation building
26.2.7 Careers
26.2.8Safety
26.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Charts
Reference book on philosophy of science
Secondary school syllabus
Overhead projector
LCD projector

88
 Films
CDs
Site for excursion
Transparencies
Scanner
Audio visual tapes
Pictures
Digital camera
T.V monitor

27.0 PHYSICS IN THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM -(3 HRS)

27.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) define syllabus
b) interpret a physics syllabus
c) state the curriculum models in physics
27.2.0 CONTENT
27.2.1 Definition of syllabus
27.2.2 Interpreting a Physics syllabus
27.2.3 Curriculum models in physics
27.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Charts
Secondary school syllabus
Overhead projector
LCD projector
Films
CDs
Site for excursion
Transparencies
Computer
Audio visual tapes
Pictures
Digital camera
T.V monitor,

28.0.0 PLANNING FOR INSTRUCTIONI - (6HRS)

28.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) prepare a physics scheme of work
b) prepare a physics lesson plan
c) explain and keep a record of work
28.2.0 CONTENT
28.2.1 Scheme of work
28.2.2 Lesson plan
28.2.3 Record of work

88
28.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES Formats of scheme of work and
lesson plan
29.0.0 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
29.1.0 Specific Objectives (22 HRS)
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) describe field patterns due to current in a straight conductor,circular coil,
solenoid and toroid
b) define magnetic induction and magnetic flux
c) state units of magnetic induction and magnetic flux
d) state and explain ampere's law
e)state and explain Biot-Savart's law
f)derive the equation for magnetic induction at a point due to a current in a
straight conductor, along the axis of a circular coil and solenoid
g) calculate the force on charges and current in magnetic fields describing the
resulting motion
h) describe the Hall effect
i) explain the effects of back e.m.f in motors
j) construct a simple D.C motor and explain its working
k) solve problems on electromagnetic fields
29.2.0 CONTENT
29.2.1 Fields due to current in a straight conductor, circular coil, solenoid and toroid
29.2.2 Magnetic induction and magnetic flux
29.2.3 Ampere's law
29.2.4Biot-Savart's law
29.2.5Force on current on current carrying conductor
29.2.6Force on magnetic field
29.2.7Hall effect
29.2.8 Motors and back e.m.f
29.2.9Problems on electromagnetic fields
29.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Straight conductor
Circular coil
Solenoid
d.c motor
Current balance
Tangent galvanometer
Magnetic compass
Toroid
Power pack
U-shaped magnet
Ceramic magnet (magnadur)

30.0.0 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION - (24 HRS)

30.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) explain the condition under which an e.m.fis induced in a conductor
b) state and explain Faraday's and Lenz's laws
c) derive an expression for flux linkage
d) state factors that determine the magnitude of an induced e.m.f
e) derive an expression for an induced e.m.fin a coil

88
 f) explain the working of transformers
g) explain factors affecting the efficiency of a transformer
h) describe the working of a.c and d.c generators
i) describe self and mutual inductance
j) derive expressions for self and mutual inductance
k) explain the working of induction coil and microphonc
1) solve problem on Electromagnetic induction.
30.2.0 CONTENT
30.2.1 Generation of induced e.m.f
30.2.2 Faraday's and Lenz's laws
30.2.3 Flux linkage
30.2.4 Induced e.m.f.
30.2.5 Expression for an induced e.m.f. in a coil
30.2.6 Transformers
30.2.7 Efficiency of a transformer
30.2.8 a.c and d.c generators
30.2.9 Self and mutual inductance
30.2.10 Application of electromagnctic induction
30.2.11 Problems on electromagnetic induction.
30.3.0SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Centre zero galvanometer
Magnets
Set of solenoids
Spring balance
Power source
Switch
Moving iron meter
Hot wire meter
Digital meter
Induction coil
Microphone
Laboratory transformer

31.0.0 MAINS ELECTRICITY (12 HRS)

31.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) discuss transmission and distribution of mains electricity
b) draw and explain a domestic wiring installation system
c) calculate the electric energy consumed in a given time
d) calculate the cost of electric energy consumed
e) state the safety measures taken in using mains electricity.
31.2.0 CONTENT
31.2.1Transmission and distribution of mains electricity
31.2.2 Electrical installations
31.2.3 Electrical energy and power
31.2.4Electrical energy and cost
31.2.5Safety measures

88
31.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
·Charts showing domestic wiring
·Kilowatt-hour meter
·Sockets (3 pin)
·Colour code

32.0.0 A.C.ELECTRICITY (24HRS)

32.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) define peak, and root-mean square (r.m.s) values of alternating current and
alternating voltage
b) derive expressions for r.m.s value of alternating current and alternating
voltage
c) explain the working of a.c meters
d) describe the variation of current and voltage with frequency in pure resistor
(R), inductor (L) and capacitor(C)
e) sketch graphs of voltage and current against time for pure R,L and C
separately
1) draw phasor (vector) diagrams for a.c through pure R.,L and C separatcly
g) derive the expressions for capacitive and inductive reactance
h) describe the passage of an a.c through CR,LR,LC in series and parallel circuits
i) describe the passage of an alternating current through LCR in series circuits
j)sketch graphs of V and I against frequency for CR,LC in series and parallel
circuits
k) sketch graphs of V and I against frequency for LCR in series circuits
1) draw phasor diagram for a.c through CR,LR, LC and LCR in series and parallel
circuits
m) draw phasor diagrams for LCR in series circuits
n) define phase angle, phase lag and phase lead
o) calculate phase difference in RL, RC, LC and LCR in series circuits
p) sketch impedance frequency curve
q) determine resonant frequency for a.c through LC and LCR in series circuits
r) apply resonant frequency in a radio tuning circuit
s) determine power in R, L and C a.c. circuits
t) explain the power factor in an a.c circuit
u) solve problems involving a.c. circuits.

89
32.2.0 CONTENT
32.2.1 Peak and r.m.s values
32.2.2 A.C in inductor, resistor and capacitor separately
32.2.3 Reactance and impedance
32.2.4 A.C in RL, RC and LRC
32.2.5 Power in A.C circuits
32.2.6 A.C meters
32.2.7 Resonance in RLC series circuit
32.2.8 Problems on a.c circuits
32.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Capacitors
Solenoids
Resistors
CRO
AC wave generator
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Pulse generator
Diodes
Variable capacitor
Rheostats
Variable-resistors
Inductors
A.F generator

33.0.0 CHARGES IN FIELDS (14 HRS)

33.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) describe the motion of charges in electric and magnetic fields
b) describe the construction and features of a C.R.O. and T.V.tubes (Black and
white, and colour T.V).
c) explain the working of C.R.O.and T.V. tubes
d) state the properties of cathode rays
e) explain the working of Bainbridge mass spectrometer
f) describe the use of the Bainbridge mass spectrometer in determining the
mass of atoms (isotopes)
g) explain the working of discharge tubes
h) determine electronic charge(e) and specific charge(e/m)

90
 i) solve problems involving motion of charges moving in electric and magnetic fields.
33.2.0 CONTENT
33.2.1 Motion of charges in electric fields
33.2.2 Magnetic fields
33.2.3 C.R.O and T.V tubes (include colour TV)
33.2.4 Properties of cathode rays
33.2.5 Bainbridge mass spectrometer
33.2.6 Discharge tubes
33.2.7 Determination of e
33.2.8Determination of °/m
33.2.9Problems involving motion of charges in electric and magnetic fields
33.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
C.R.O tube
Black and white TV
Colour TV
Charts
Film
Teltron tube
Millikan's apparatus
Audio-visual tapes

34.0.0 PLANNING FOR INSTRUCTION II - (6 HRS)

34.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) discuss appropriate teaching methods in physics
b) apply theories of learning and teaching physics
34.2.0 CONTENT
34.2.1 Teaching methods
34.2.2 Theories of learning and teaching in Physics
34.3.0SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES Charts
Secondary school syllabus
Overhead projector
LCD projector
Films
CDs
Sites for excursion
Transparencies
Scanner
Audio visual tapes
Pictures
Digital camera
T.V monitor

35.0.0 EVALUATION IN PHYSICS (6 HRS)

35.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) describe types of tests, examinations and assignments
b) use the table of specification to construct test items

93
 c) prepare marking schemes
d) explain the techniques and strategies of feedback
e) assess the physics practical, assignments and projects
f) process and interpret results of tests and assignments.
35.2.0 CONTENT
35.2.1Types of tests, examinations and assignments
35.2.2Table of specification (Bloom taxonomy)
35.2.3Marking scheme
35.2.4Feedback
35.2.5Assessment of practicals, assignments and projects
35.2.6Analysis and evaluation of students' grades
35.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Charts
Secondary school syllabus
Overhead projector
LCD projector
CDs
Transparencies
Scanner
Audio visual tapes
Picture
T.V monitor
VCR
Past paper examinations
Sample marking schemes

36.0.0 ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS (36 HRS)

36.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) describe the structure of an atom
b) explain the meaning of an isotope
c) describe atomic spectra (line, band and continuous) in absorption and emission
d) describe Bohr atom
e) derive an expression for energy changes in Bohr hydrogen atom
f) describe the hydrogen spectrum in terms of energy and wavelength
g) define radioactivity
h) describe methods of detecting the radiation from radioactive elements
i)state the properties of radiation emitted by nuclides
j) define half-life
k) obtain the relationship between disintegration constant and half-life
I) describe ionizing effects of the radiations
m) describe uses of radio isotopes
n) describe variation of neutrons (N) with atomic number (Z)for stable atoms
o) draw a graph of neutrons (N) against atomic number Z for elements
p) describe the nature of nuclear forces
q) calculate the binding energy of the nucleus
r) define nuclear fission and fusion
s) describe how a fIssion chain reaction is produced

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 1) draw the diagram and explain the functioning of a nuclear reactor
u)state the use of nuclear reactor
v) state the dangers of radioactive fall-out
w) solve problems on half-life and binding energy
36.2.0 CONTENT
36.2.1 Composition of the atom,isotopes
36.2.2 Bohr atom,effect and motion of nucleus
36.2.3 Hydrogen spectrum
36.2.4 Atomic spectra (line band and continuous) in absorption and emission
36.2.5 Radioactivity
36.2.6 Detection and identification of radioactive emissions
36.2.7 Half-lifo
36.2.8 Radioactive decay
36.2.9 Ionizing effects of radiation
36.2.10 Applications of radio-isotopes
36.2.11 Stable and unstable nuclides
36.2.12 Variation of neutrons N with atomic number Z
36.2.13 Nuclear forces and nuclear binding energy
36.2.14 Nuclear fission and fusion
36.2.15 Application of nuclear energy
36.2.16 Nuclear fall-out
36.2.17 Problems on half life and binding energy
36.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Model of an atom
Discharge tube
Hydrogen gas
Neon gas
Carbon dioxide
Sodium
Radioactive sources
Geiger muller tube
Solid state detector
Scalar counter (Ratemeter)
Diffusion cloud chamber
Spark counter
Charts on nuclear reactors

37.0.0 ELECTRONICS (42 HRS)

37.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) describe a semiconductor
b) give the properties of a semiconductor
c) distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors
d) explain the doping process in production of n-type and p-type
semiconductors
e) identify the majority and minority charge carriers in semiconductors
f) described the working of a p-n junction diode
g) distinguish between forward and reverse biasing of a p-n junction

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 h) determine the current/voltage relationship of a junction diode experimentally
i) describe the uses of the junction diodes in rectificatin
j) describe the process of smoothing
k) describe the structure and properties of n-p-n and p-n-p transistors
I) determine the characteristics of n-p-n transistor in common-emitter mode
m) use the characteristics to determine the voltage amplification factor and
output resistance
n) draw and describe the load line
o) explain the working of a transistor as a switch
p) describe the working of a transistor oscillator and its uses in radio wave
generation
q) describe the process of modulation
r) solve problems on electronics
s) describe the transmission of radio waves and the use of aerials
t) make a simple radio receiver and explain its working
u) explain signal transmission in optical fibre
37.2.0 CONTENT
37.2.1 Semiconductors (intrinsic and extrinsic)
37.2.2 Doping (n-type and p-type)
37.2.3 p-n junction diode and biasing
37.2.4p-n diode characteristic
37.2.5Rectification and smoothing of output
37.2.6n-p-n and p-n-p transistors
37.2.7n-p-n transistor characteristic in common emitter mode (C-E)
37.2.8Current and voltage amplification
37.2.9 Transistor switch
37.2.10 Transistor Oscillator
37.2.11 Simple radio receiver
37.2.12 Problems on transistors
37.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Semi conductors
P.n junction diode
Peg-board
Set of spring with nuts
Transistor
Dry cell
Rheostats
High resistance voltmeter (CRO)
Micro-ammeter
Milliameter
Transistor oscillator
Radio receiver
Optical fibre

38.0.0 PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT - (12 HRS)

38.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;

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 a) describe photoelectric emission
b) define work function and threshold frequency
c) explain the energy of a photons
d) state and explain laws of photoelectric emission
e) state and explain Einstein's photoelectric equation
f) state and explain applications of photoelectric effect
g) solve problems on photoelectric effect.

38.2.0 CONTENT
38.2.1 Photoelectric emission
38.2.2 Work function and threshold frequency
38,2.3 Energy of photons
38.2.4 Laws of photoelectric emission
38.2.5 Einstein's equation K.E=hf-hf。
38.2.6 Applications of photoelectric emission
38.2.7Problems on photoelectric effect
38.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Photocells
· Coloured filters
UV lamp
Mercury lamp
Sodium lamp
White light source

39.0.0 X-RAYS (6 HRS)

39.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) draw a diagram of an X-ray tube
b) describe the production of X-rays
c) state properties of X-rays
d) distinguish between hard and soft X-rays
e) explain the energy change in X-rays
f) sketch the X-ray spectrum
g) describe continuous and characteristic of X-ray spectrum
h) describe the application of X-rays in industry and medicine
i) derive and explain Bragg's equation for X-ray diffraction
j) state the precautions taken when using X-rays
k) solve problems involving X-rays
39.2.0 CONTENT
39.2.1 Production and properties of X-rays
39.2.2 Hard and soft X-rays
39.2.3 Energy changes in an X-ray tube
39.2.4 X-rays spectrum

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39.2.5 X-rays as part of electromagnetic spectrum
39.2.6 Continuous and characteristic of X-ray spectrum
39.2.7 X-rays diffraction and Bragg's law
39.2.8 Uses of X-rays
39.2.9 Hazards of X-rays and precautions
39.2.10 Problems on X-rays
39.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
· Chart showing electromagnetic spectrum
· X-ray tubes
·Sites for excursion
·X-ray films

40.0.0 RESOURCE ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT (6 HRS)

40.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) explain the role of a head of physics department in school
b) organise and manage a physics laboratory
c) explain the planning of physics laboratory
d) describe the procedure of purchasing of physics laboratory
equipment and reading materials
e) arrange laboratory equipment appropriately
f) maintain laboratory equipment and reading materials
g) construct physics teaching aids
h) improvise simple laboratory equipments
i) come up with textbook and other teaching materials
40.2.0 CONTENT
40.2.1 Head of Physics department
40.2.2 Laboratory organization
40.2.3 Planning the laboratory
40.2.4 Purchasing of laboratory equipment
40.2.5 Maintenance of laboratory equipment
40.2.6 Laboratory resource materials
40.2.7 Teaching aids
40.2.8 Improvisation
40.2.9 Textbook and other teaching materials
40.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Charts
Secondary school syllabus
Overhead projector
LCD projector
Films
CDs
Site for excursion
Transparencies
Scanner
Audio visual tapes
Pictures

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 Digital camera
T.V monitor
VCR

41.0.0 EMERGING ISSUES/ CONTEMPORARY ISSUES

- (6 HRS)
41.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) discuss what is integrity
b) describe how integrity is achieved in physics
c) relate physics education to health and environmental issues
d) discuss how physics addresses human rights
e) explain child labour using physics education
f) discuss the effects of drug and substance abuse in physics
g) discuss gender related issues in physics education
h) incorporate ICT in the teaching-learning of physics.
41.2.0 CONTENT
41.2.1 Integrity
41.2.2 Health/environment
41.2.3 Child labour
41.2.4 Human rights
41.2.5 Drug and substance abuse
41.2.6 Gender
41.2.7 ICT
41.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Charts
Films
·Resource person
Audio visual
Reference books/reading materials
V.C.T centre visit.

42.0.0 SECONDARY SCHOOL PHYSICS - (30HRS)

42.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) perform and analyse secondary school physics experiments
b) use the physics kit
c) solve secondary school physics theory papers.
42.2.0 CONTENT
42.2.1 School experiments
42.2.3 Secondary school theory papers
42.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Charts
Secondary school syllabus
Overhead projector
LCD projector

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 Films
CDs
Sites for excursion
Transparencies
Scanner
Audio visual tapes
Pictures
Digital camera
T.V monitor
VCR

YEAR THREE
43.0.0 TEACHING PRACTICE PREPARATION (90 HRS)
43.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
a) develop skills of writing lesson plans
b) organise and manage a class experiment and a teacher
demonstration
c) use teaching aids appropriately
d) make self evaluation
e) make a project.
43.2.0 CONTENT
43.2.1 Preparation of lesson plans
43.2.2Peer and micro teaching
43.2.3 Use of teaching aids
43.2.4 Self evaluation
43.2.5 Project
43.3.0 SUGGESTED TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES
Charts
Secondary school syllabus
Overhead projector
LCD projector
Films
CDs
Site for excursion
Transparencies
Scanner
Audio visual tapes
Pictures
Digital camera
T.V monitor
V.C.R

APPENDIX
1. TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Lecture method
Class experiments

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 Class discussions
Class demonstrations
Project work
Excursion/Field trip
Problem solving
Drawing graphs
Tutorials
Report writing
Making of teaching aids
II) SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT METHODS
· CATs
Assignments
Quizzes
Observation
Oral questions
Practical assessment
Project work
End of term tests
End of year examination

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