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Ideal Gases

The document describes several gas laws including Boyle's law, Charles' law, and the combined gas equation. It also covers concepts like the mole, ideal gases, kinetic theory of gases, and the relationship between molecular kinetic energy and temperature. Specifically, Boyle's law states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional at constant temperature. Charles' law describes how the volume of a gas increases or decreases proportionally with an increase or decrease in temperature when pressure is kept constant. The combined gas equation incorporates both of these relationships.

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11 views

Ideal Gases

The document describes several gas laws including Boyle's law, Charles' law, and the combined gas equation. It also covers concepts like the mole, ideal gases, kinetic theory of gases, and the relationship between molecular kinetic energy and temperature. Specifically, Boyle's law states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional at constant temperature. Charles' law describes how the volume of a gas increases or decreases proportionally with an increase or decrease in temperature when pressure is kept constant. The combined gas equation incorporates both of these relationships.

Uploaded by

vipexe4113
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Boyle’s Law can be written as,

Or Simply,

Hence,
Graphical Representation of Boyle’s Law

Charles’ Law can be written as,

Or Simply,

Hence,
Here, V1 and T1 represent the volume and temperature of the gas before a
change, and V2 and T2 represent the volume and temperature of the gas
after the change.

Graphical Representation of Charles’ Law


Pressure Law can be written as,

Or Simply,

P/T = Constant

Then,

Hence,

Here, P1 and T1 represent the pressure and temperature of the gas before a
change, and P2 and T2 represent the pressure and temperature of the gas
after the change.
Graphical Representation of Pressure Law

Combined Gas Equation


Hence,

Here, P1 , V1 and T1 represent the pressure, volume and temperature of the


gas before a change, and P2 , V2 and T2 represent the pressure, volume and
temperature of the gas after the change.
Avogadro & The Mole
If there are N molecules in a container, then the number of mole of the
substance is,
Here,

So,
Alternatively,

Then,

Giving.

So,

So,
Hence,

Many gases at room temperature and moderate pressure behave as ideal


gas.
The Kinetic Theory of Matter is the statement of how we believe atoms
and molecules, particularly in gas form, behave and how it relates to the
ways we have to look at the things around us.

 A gas consists of a large number of molecules


 Gases consist of identical molecules in continuous random motion
(ranges of speed and direction)
 The behavior of the molecules can be described by Newtonian
mechanics
 Collisions are elastic (kinetic energy is conserved) and happen quickly
 Any forces acting, do so only during collisions and then only for a
very short time compared with the time between collisions
 The time for each collision is negligible
 Between collisions molecules move in straight lines at uniform
velocity
 There are no intermolecular forces except during collisions
 The volume of the molecules is negligible compared to the volume of
the gas
Rate Change of Momentum is,

Then,

[V=L3]

By Rearranging,
We know,

Hence,

Here,

Mean Square Speed, <c²> is the mean or average of the square of the speed
of all the particles in the container.
n1c12  n2 c22  n3c32  ........nn c N2
 c2  
N
Root Mean Square Speed (crms) is the square root of mean square speed
3kT
crms   c 2  
m
Molecular Kinetic Energy & Temperature
We know,

Kinetic Theory of Gases,

Ideal Gas Equation,

So,

As,

Here,

Hence,

Therefore,
Or,

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