Important Questions for CBSE Class 10

Geography
CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 1 – Resources and Development

1 Mark Questions
1. Who wrote the book ‘Small is Beautiful’?
Ans. Schumacher

2. Which type of soil is found in the river deltas of the Eastern Coast?
Ans. Alluvial Soil

3. Write the two types of renewable resources.

Ans. Continuous and Biological resources

4. From which Five Year Plan has India made concerted efforts for achieving the goals of resource planning?
Ans. First Five Year Plan

5. Give any two factors which determine the land use pattern of a nation.
Ans. . Topography and Population

6. How much degraded land is present in India?

Ans. 130 million hectare

7. By which name is the bad land known in Chambal basin?

Ans. Ravines

8. Name the institution which is empowered by the government of India to acquire land?
Ans. Urban Development Authorities

9. What is strip cropping?

Ans. . Large fields divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the
wind. This method is known as strip cropping.

10. Name the way which helps the sand dune to stabilization.
Ans. Shelter Belts have contributed significantly to the establishment of sand dunes.

11. Name the areas where terrace farming is practiced in India?

Ans. Western and central Himalayas of India

12. Why are the lower horizons of the soil occupied by Kankar?
Ans. Because of the increasing calcium contents downwards

13. Name the soil which is suitable for the cropping of cashew nuts.
Ans. . Red Laterite Soil

14. Name the nutrient in which black soils is poor?

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Ans. Phosphoric contents

15. Name any two nutrients which are found in black soils?
Ans. Calcium carbonate and magnesium

16. Mention the reason due to which red soils looks red?
Ans. These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks.

17. Name the soils which are well known for their capacity to hold moisture.
Ans. . Black soils

18. Which region of India is known as Basalt region?

Ans. The Deccan trap region spread over northwest Deccan plateau.

19. In which state overgrazing is the main reason of land degradation in India?
Ans. Gujarat

20. Where was first international earth summit held?

Ans. . Rio de Janeiro in Brazil

21. Coal, iron ore, petroleum, diesel etc. are the examples of
a) Biotic resources b) Abiotic resources
c) Renewable resources d) Non Renewable resources
Ans. d) Non Renewable resources

22. Which one of the following term is used to identify the old and new alluvial respectively ?
a) Khadas & Tarai b) Tarai & Bangar
c) Bangar & Khadar d) Tarai & Dvars
Ans. c) Bangar & Khadar

23. Which one of the following soil is the best for cotton cultivation ?
a) Red soil b) Black soil
c) Laterite soil d) Alluvial soil
Ans. b) Black soil

24. How much percentage of forest area in the country according to the National Forest Policy.
a) 33% b) 37%
c) 27% d) 31%
Ans. a) 33%

25. Which type of soil develops due to high temperature and evaporation ?
a) Arid Soil b) Forest Soil
c) Black Soil d) Red Soil
Ans. a) Arid Soil

26. Which one of the following resources can be acquired by the Nation ?
a) Potential resources b) International resources
c) National resources d) Public resources
Ans. c) National resources

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27. Which one of the following is responsible for sheet erosion ?
a) Underground water b) Wind
c) Glacier d) Water
Ans. d) Water

28. Which one of the following method is used to break up the force of wind?
a) Shelter belt b) Strip Cropping
c) Contour ploughing d) Terrace farming
Ans. a) Shelter belt

29. Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Madhya Pradesh ?
a) Mining b) Overgrazing
c) Deforestation d) Over Irrigation
Ans. c) Deforestation

30. Which one of the following statements refers to the sustainable development ?
a) Overall development of various resources
b) Development should take place without damaging the environment.
c) Economic development of people.
d) Development that meets the desires of the members of all communities.
Ans. b) Development should take place without damaging the environment.

31. What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in hilly areas ?
Ans. 1) Terracing on hilly area
2) Buildings Dams on hilly areas
3) Afforestation

32. When and why was the Rio-de-Janero Earth summit held ?
Ans. 1992 Rio-de-Janero (Brazil)

33. Write two characteristics each of Khadar and Bangar ?

Ans. Khadar (New Alluvium)
1) New Alluvium a new soil
2) Very fertile soil less Kankar nodules
Bangar (Old Alluvium)
1) Old Alluvium or Old soil
2) Not to fertile, often contains Kankar nodules

34. What type of soil is found in river deltas of the eastern coast ? Give three main features of this type of soil.
Ans. Alluvial Soil
1) Most important soil
2) Such a soil is the result of deposits of river.
3) Very fertile soil.

35. What do you, mean by land use pattern ? Name the factors that determine the use of land.
Ans. Utilization of land for various purposes such as cultivation grazing of animals mining construction of roads etc.
Factors
1) Topography
2) Climate

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3) Human Factor
4) Accessibility

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 1 – Resources and Development

3 Mark Questions
1. What was the main contribution of the Brundtland Commission Report, 1987?
Ans. a. The seminal contribution with respect to resource conservation at the global level was made by the Brundtland
Commission Report, 1987.
b. This report introduced the concept of ‘Sustainable Development’ and advocated it as a means for resource
conservation, which was substantially published in a book, entitled Our Common Future.

2. Define resources? Name some resources?

Ans. a. Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically
accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as Resource.
b. Land, Soil, Tree and air are some examples of resources.

3. Explain the interdependent relationship between nature, technology and institutions.

Ans. a. The process of transformation of things available in our environment involves an interdependent relationship
between nature, technology and institutions.
b. Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate their economic
development.
c. Resources are the functions of activities.

4. “Resources are a function of human activities”. Elaborate the statement with suitable arguments.
Ans. a. Natural resources are the free gifts of nature but many manmade resources are used by the humanity.
b. Resources are functions of human activities. Human beings themselves are essential components of resources.
c. They transform material available in our environment into resources and use them.

5. Classify resources on the basis of origin. Give examples.

Ans. a. Biotic resources: These are obtained from biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna,
fisheries, livestock etc.
b. Abiotic resources: All those things which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources. For example,
rocks and metals.

6. Classify resources on the basis of exhaustibility. Write examples.

Ans. a. Renewable resources: The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical
processes are known as renewable resources: For example, solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife, etc.
b. Non Renewable resources: These occur over a very long geological time. Minerals and fossil fuels are examples of
such resources. These resources take millions of years in their formation. Some of the recourses like metals are
recyclable and some like fossil fuels cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use.

7. List the problems caused due to the indiscriminate use of resources by human being?
Ans. a. Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals.
b. Accumulation of resources in few hands, which, in turn, divide the society into two, segments i.e. ‘haves’ and ‘have
nots’ or rich and poor.
c. Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global warming, ozone layer
depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.

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8. What was agenda 21?
Ans. a. It is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the united Nation’s conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED).
b. It focuses on attaining Global Sustainable Development.
c. It’s mainly aim is to fight the environmental damage, poverty, diseases through global cooperation on common
interest, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.
d. An important and distinct aim of the agenda is that every local government should draw its own local Agenda 21.

9. Write a short note on Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992.

Ans. a. Rio de Janeiro was the meeting ground for the first International Earth Summit.
b. More than 100 heads of state met at this famous conference which was convened in June 1992 to address the urgent
problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level.
c. A declaration on Global Climatic change and the Biological Diversity was signed by the assembled leaders.
d. They adopted Agenda 21 and endorsed the global forest Principles to achieve Sustainable Development in the 21st
century.

10. What is resource planning? Why is resource planning essential?

Ans. a. Resource planning: Resource planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources.
b. Resource planning is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life.
c. Sustainable existence is a component of sustainable development.

11. Define sustainable development? What are their importances?

Ans. a. Sustainable Development: Sustainable development means development should take place without damaging
the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations.
b. It is essential for sustained quality of life.
c. If the present trend of resource depletion by a few individuals and countries continues, the future of our planet is in
danger. So sustainable development is very important to save our planet and our self.

12. Explain the three steps that involved in the complex process of resource planning?
Ans. a. Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and
qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.
b. Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing
resource development plAns.
Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans

13. How far it is correct to say that the availability of resources is a necessary condition for the development of any
region? Explain.
Ans. The availability of resources is a necessary condition for the development of any region, but mere availability of
resources in the absence of corresponding changes in technology and institutions may hinder development. There are
many regions in our country that are rich in recourses but these are included in economically backward regions. On the
contrary there are some regions which have a poor resource base but they are economically developed.

14. Explain the relationship between the process of colonization and rich resources of colonies.
Ans. a. The History of colonization reveals that rich resources in colonies were the main attractions of the foreign
traders.
b. It was primarily the higher level of technological development of colonizing countries that helped them to exploit
resources of other regions and established their supremacy over colonies.
c. There for resources can contribute to development only when they are accompanied by appropriate technological
development and institutional changes.

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15. What are the different factors that determine land use?
Ans. a. Both physical and human factors determine the land use pattern of any area.
b. Physical factors include topography, climate, and soil types.
c. Human factors include population density, technological capability and cultural traditions.

16. What type of relief covers most of India’s land? Explain.

Ans. a. India has land under a variety of relief features, namely: mountains, plateaus, plains and islands.
b. About 43 per cent of land area is plain, which provides facilities for agriculture and industry.
c. Mountains account for 30 per cent of the total surface area of the country and ensure perennial flow of rivers,
provides facilities of tourism and ecological aspects.
D. About 27 per cent of the area of the country is plateau region. It possesses rich reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and
forests.

17. What is the reason behind the availability of Land use data for only 93 percent of the total geography area of
India?
Ans. a. Total geographical area of India is 3.28 million sq lm land use data, however is available only for 93 per cent of
the total geographical area.
b. Because the land use reporting for most of the nor-east states except Assam has not been done fully.
c. Moreover, some areas of Jammu and Kashmir occupied by Pakistan and China have also not been surveyed.

18. Why does the net sown area vary from one state to another?
Ans. a. There are wide variations in the pattern of net sown area from one state to another state.
b. If we compare Haryana and Punjab with Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman and Nicobar Islands
there is a great disparity.
c. In Punjab and Haryana the net sown area is 80% of the total area but in other mentioned states it is less than 10% of
the total area.
d. The reasons for this differences are many, e.g., climate, soil, relief, irrigation facilities.

19. Distinguish between Khadar and Bhangar.

Ans. Khadar Bhangar
1. The khadar soils are found in the low areas of valley. 1. The Bhangar soils are found in the higher reaches.
2. These soils are finer in texture. 2. These are coarser in texture.
3. These soils are more fertile. 3. These soils are less fertile.
4. These soils are known as New alluvial. 4. These soils are known are old alluvial.

20. How is land a natural resource of utmost importance? Explain with suitable arguments.
Ans. a. All economic activities are performed on land.
b. It supports natural vegetation and wildlife.
c. It is used for transportation and communication system.
d. Most of the minerals are formed in land.

21. What is soil erosion? Explain the major types of soil erosion?
Ans. a. Soil Erosion: Soil erosion is the removal of soil by the forces of nature like wind and water is called soil erosion.
This can also be described as denudation of soil cover and subsequent washing down. Following are its two types:
b. Wind Erosion: Wind blows loose soil off flat or slopping land. This is known as wind erosion.
c. Water Erosion: When running water is responsible for the removal of the top most layer of the earth that is known as
water erosion.

22. Explain the two types of water erosion.

Ans. a. Sheet Erosion: When the top layer of the soil is removed over a large area by the running water is called as sheet

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erosion. In such cases the top soil is washed away.
b. Gully erosion: The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as gullies. The land becomes
unfit for cultivation and is known as bad land. In Chambal basin such lands are called ravines.

23. Which type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
Ans. Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast.
a. The alluvial soil consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay.
b. According to their age alluvial soil can be classified as old alluvial and new alluvial to well connected developers.
c. Due to its high fertility, region of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and densely populated.

24. How far it is correct to say that it is possible to reverse land degradation? Explain the statement while giving the
example of village Sukhomajri?
Ans. a. The village of Sukhomajti and the district of Jhabua have shown that it is possible to reverse land degradation.
Tree density in Sukhomajari increased from 13 percent hectare in 17976 to 1,272 per hectare in 1992.
b. Regeneration of the environment leads to economic well being as a result of greater resource availability improved
agriculture and animal care, and consequently, increased incomes. Average annual household income in Sukhomajri
ranged from 10000-15000 between 1979 and 1984.
c. People’s management is essential for ecological restoration. With people being made the decision-makers by Madhya
Pradesh government, 2.9 million hectares or about 1 per cent of India’s land area, are being greened across the state
through watershed management.

25. Elucidate the views of Gandhiji regarding the conservation of resources.

Ans. a. Gandhiji was very apt in voicing his concern about resource conservation.
b. He said, “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed.
c. He placed the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology as the root cause for
resource depletion at the global level.
D. He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with the production by the masses.

26. Why is resource planning essential?

Ans. a. As the resources are limited, so their planning is quite necessary so that we can use them properly and at the
same time save them for our coming generations.
b. For the balanced development of the country, the planning of the resources becomes very essential.
c. A resource planning is also necessary to save their exploitation or unlawful exploitation by the unscrupulous elements
of the society.

27. Explain any three human activities which are mainly responsible for land degradation in India.
Ans. a. Some human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and quarrying too have contributed
significantly in land degradation.
b. Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of over-burdening.
c. Deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation.
D. Over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in
the soil.

28. Suggest some ways to solve the problems of land degradation.

Ans. a. Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help to some extent to solve the problem of land
degradation.
b. Planting of shelter belts of plants, control on over grazing, stabilization of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes is
some of the methods to check land degradation.
c. Proper management of waste lands, control of mining activities, proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents
and wastes after treatment can reduce land and water degradation in industrial and suburban areas.

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29. How do rocks plays an important role in the formation of soil?
Ans. a. Parent rock and bed rock are main factors in the formation of soil.
b. Climatic conditions with the parent rock material are the important factors for the formation of black soil. The Deccan
trap region is made up of lava flows.
c. Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall.

30. What is meant by two types of natural resources? Give one example of each.
Ans. a. All gifts of nature which are useful in making the life of human beings comfortable and worth living are known as
natural resources.
b. Their two main types are biotic and abiotic resources.
c. Forests and animals are biotic resources while land water and soil are abiotic natural resources.

31. Long Answer type questions

Classify resources on the basis of ownership into four categories. Mention the main feature of each.
Ans. (1) Individual resources: Owned privately by individual. Example houses pasture etc.
(2) Community Owned resources : accessible to all the members of the Community.
Example : Play ground park etc.
(3) National resources : within the political boundaries of the country.
Example : Minerals, forests etc.
(4) International resources : The oceanic resources beyond 200 Km. of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to
international institutions.

32. What is resource planning ? Write any three utility of resources.

And. Resource Planning : Resource Planning is a technique of skill of proper utilization of resources.
1. They are beneficial to human being
2. Different types of things are made by them.
3. Resources are limited. Do not waste the great gifts of the nature.

33. Distinguish between the Renewable and Non- Renewable Resources.

Ans. Renewable Resources
1) These Resources are those which once mined and used can be regenerated.
2) These Resources which may be obtained continuously.
Example : Land, water plants etc.
Non Renewable Resources.
1) These Resources are those which once mined and used cannot be regenerated.
2) All mineral Resources are limited.
Example : Coal, Mineral-oil etc.

34. Describe briefly the distribution of soils found in India.

Ans. (1) Alluvial Soil
(2) Black Soil
(3) Red and Yellow Soil
(4) Laterite Soil
(5) Mountain Soil
(6) Desert Soil (Explain it)

35. What is regur soil ? Write its two features. Mention any two regions where regur soil is found.
Ans. Regur soil – Black Soil Features
1) made up extremely fine

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2) have good capacity to hold moisture.
3) develop deep cracks during hot weather.
4) rich in calcium carbonate, potash and lime Regions
1) Maharashtra – Malva Plateau
2) Madhya Pradesh and Chhatisgarh Plateau

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 1 – Resources and Development

5 Mark Questions
1. Classify resources on the basis of ownership with example.
Ans. a. Individual resources: These are owned privately by individuals. Many farmers own land which allotted to them by
government against the payment of revenue. People own plots, houses and other property.
b. Community owned Resources: There are resources which are accessible to all the members of the community. Village
commons, public parks, burial ground, playgrounds in urban areas are de facto accessible to all the people living there.
c. National resources: All the resources belong to the nation. The country has legal power to acquire even private
property for public good. We have seen roads, canals, railways being constructed on fields owned by some individuals.
Urban Development Authorities get empowered by the government to acquire land.
d. International Resources: There are international institutions which regulate some resources. The oceanic resources
beyond 200 km of the exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no individual country can utilize these
without the concurrence of international institutions.

2. Classify resources on the basis of state of development with example.

Ans. a. Potential Resources: Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilized due to the lack of capital.
For example, the western parts of India particularly Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the
development of wind and solar energy, but so far these have not been developed properly.
b. Developed resources: Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for
utilization. The development of resources depends on technology and level of their feasibility.
c. Stock: material in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs but human being do not have the
appropriate technology to access these, are included among stock. For example water is a compound of two
inflammable gases: Hydrogen and oxygen, which can be used as a rich source of energy. But we do not have the
required technology to use them for this purpose. Hence it can be considered as stock.
d. Reserves: Reserves are the subset of stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing technology but their
use has not been started. These can be used for meeting future requirements.

3. Why is resource planning important in the context of a country like India?

Ans. a. India has enormous diversity in the availability of recourses.
b. There are regions which are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient in some other resources.
c. There are some regions which can be considered self sufficient in terms of availability of resources and there are some
regions which have acute shortage of some vital resources.
d. For example the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in Minerals and coal deposits.
Arunachal Pradesh abundance of water resources but lake of infrastructural development.
e. The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources.
f. The cold desert of Ladhakh is entirely isolated from the rest of the country.

4. How has technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
Ans. a. Human beings interacted with nature through technological and create institutions to accelerate their economic
development.
b. As more technological development occurs there is increased need for inputs and utilization of resources.
c. Technical and technological development is closely linked to economic development.

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d. For example more factories providing employment to more people are a necessity. For the factory land and labour is
used. For this mining of minerals and metals increases.

5. Explain the land use pattern in India?

Ans. a. The net sown area in India has decreased from 45.26% to 43.41%. This means that more and more agricultural
land is being shifted to other activities.
b. The pattern of the net sown area varies gently from one state to another. In Punjab and Haryana the net sown area is
80% of the total area but Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman and Nicobar Islands, it is less than 10% of
the total area.
c. The area under forests has been increased from 18.11% in 1960-61 to 22.57% in 2000-2003 and to 23% in 2005-06 yet
it is far below than the scientific norms.
d. The land under permanent pastures is very low, i.e., only 3.45%.
e. Area under fallow land has also decreased which shows, that subsistence agriculture is being replaced by commercial
agriculture.

6. Explain any five proper farming techniques which can be used for sol conservation.
Ans. a. Strip Cropping: To counter the effect of wind the practice of strip cropping is followed to stop wind erosion. Large
fields are divided in strips. Grass in strips is left to grow between the crops.
b. Contour Ploughing: Ploughing along the contour lines does not let water run down the slopes. This technique involved
ploughing along contours, so that the furrows follow lines linking points of the same height. Such furrows halt the
downward flow of water and reduce erosion.
c. Terrace Farming: Since ancient times farmers have built terraces or steps up a hillside creating several levels of farms.
Hill slopes are cut into a number of terraces having horizontal top and steep slopes on the back and front.
d. Crop rotation: If the same crop is sown in the same field, year after year, this consumes particular nutrients from the
soil making it infertile. Crop rotation can check the type of erosion.
e. Shelter Belts: Planting trees to create shelter also works in a similar way. Rows of such trees are called shelter belts.
These shelter belts have contributed significantly to the stabilization of sand dunes and in establishing the desert in
western India.

7. How is red soil formed? Mention its features.

Ans. a. Formation: most of the red soils have come into existence due to weathering of ancient crystalline igneous rocks.
b. Soils are loamy in deep depressions and in upload. They consist of loose gravels and highly coarse materials.
c. These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks.
d. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.
e. This soil is found in the areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau.

8. Which is most widely spread and important soil of India? State the characteristics of this type of soil?
Ans. Alluvial soil is most widely spread and important soil of India. In fact the entire northern plains are made of alluvial
soils.
a. These soils have been deposited by three important Himalayan river systems-the Indus, the Ganga and the
Brahmaputra.
b. The alluvial soil consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay.
c. According to their age alluvial soil can be classified as old alluvial and new alluvial.
d. Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile. Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid
and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops.
e. Due to its high fertility, region of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and densely populated.

9. Which type of soil is ideal for growth of cotton? What are the main characteristics of this type of soil? Name some
areas where they found.

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Ans. Black soil is ideal for the growth of cotton soil. Following are its characteristics:
a. Black soils are also known as ‘regur’ soil or black cotton soils.
b. Such a soil is ideal for growing cotton and hence the name.
c. They have extremely good moisture retention capacity but become sticky when wet.
d. These soils are difficult work upon unless tilled during pre-monsoon periods or just after the first shower.
e. Black soils are rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime but poor in phosphoric
contents.
f. This soil is found in Deccan trap areas. This includes Maharashtra, Western Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and
Chhattisgarh, some parts of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

10. What is soil? Analyze the four main factors which help in the formation of soil.
Ans. Soil: Soil is the most important renewable natural resource. It is the medium of plant growth and supports different
types of living organisms on the earth. The soil is a living system. It takes million of years to form soil up to a few cm in
depth.
a. Relief, parent rock or bed rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the
formation of soil.
b. Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of
decomposition etc, contribute to the formation of soil.
c. Chemical and organic changes which take place in the soil are equally important.
d. Soils also consist of organic (humus) or inorganic materials.

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 2 – Forest and Wildlife Resources

1 Mark Questions
1. Name any four Normal Species.
Ans. Cattle, Sal, Pine and Rodent

2. Name any four Endangered Species

Ans. Black Buck, crocodile, Indian Ass, Indian Rhino

3. Name any four Vulnerable Species

Ans. Blue Sheep, Asiatic Elephant, Gangetic Dolphin.

4. Name any four Rare Species

Ans. Himalayan Brown Bear, Wild Asiatic Buffalo, desert Fox and Hornbill.

5. Name any four Endemic Species.

Ans. Andaman Teal, Nicobar Pigeon, Andaman Wild Pig, Mithun in Arunachal Pradesh.

6. Name any four Extinct Species.

Ans. . Asiatic Cheetah, Pink head Duck

7. When and in which state was the program of joint forest management first adopted?
Ans. . In 1988, in Odisha the program of joint forest management was first adopted.

8. Which species of India’s flora and fauna are on the verge of extinction?
Ans. Among the animals, the cheetah, Pink Headed Duck, Mountain Quail, Forest Spotted Owl etc. And among the
plants, wild variety of Mahua (Madhuca Insignies), a wild species of grass (Hepaneuron) is on the threatened list.

9. Which state has the largest are under permanent forests?

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Ans. . Madhya Pradesh

10. What is the share of India in the total number of species in the world?
Ans. 8 per cent

11. What is the approximate number of species of animals found in India?

Ans. About 81000

12. There are how many flowering plants in India?

Ans. About 15000

13. Which state have less than 10% of their area under forests?
Ans. . Delhi and Punjab

14. Which state has the largest area under permanent forests?
Ans. Madhya Pradesh

15. What is JFM?

Ans. Joint Forest Management is a Movement launched to manage and restore degraded forests by involving the local
communities

16. Name any two movements which were launched by local communities for the protection of forest and wildlife.
Ans. Chipko Movement and Beej Bachao Andolan

16. Name the conservation strategies which directly involve community participation?
Ans. . Joint Forest Management, Chipko Movement

17. Which three species of India’s flora and fauna are on the verge of extinction?
Ans. . Cheetah, Pink Headed Duck and Mountain Quail

18. Lepcha folk songs are associated to which state of India?

Ans. . West Bengal

19. What is enrichment plantation?

Ans. When a single commercially valuable species was extensively planted and other species eliminated

20. The diverse flora and fauna of the planet are under great threat mainly due to :
(a) Global Warming (b) Lack of water availability
(c) Insensitivity to our environment (d) Increasing pollution
Ans. (c) Insensitivity to our environment

21. Which one of the following is an endangered species of Manipur ?

(a) Blue Sheep (b) Asiatic Buffalo
(c) Sangai (brow anter deer) (d) Cattle
Ans. (c) Sangai (brow anter deer)

22. “The species that are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they may occur” are known as :
(a) Normal species (b) Vulnerable species
(c) Extinct species (d) Rare species
Ans. (c) Extinct species

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23. Which one of the following is a medicinal plant used to treat some types of cancer ?
(a) Himalayan Yew (b) Himalayan Oak
(c) Madhuca insignis (d) Hubbardia heptaneuron
Ans. (a) Himalayan Yew

24. In which year, the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented ?
(a) 1970 (b) 1971
(c) 1972 (d) 1974
Ans. (a) 1970

25. Which one of the following was launched in 1973 ?

(a) Project Tiger (b) Indian Wildlife Act
(c) Wildlife Act (d) Indian Wildlife Protection Act
Ans. (a) Project Tiger

26. Which one of the following is located in West Bengal ?

(a) Corbett National Park (b) Sundarbans National Park
(c) Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary (d) Bandhangarh National Park
Ans. (b) Sundarbans National Park

27. In which one of the following states is Periyar Tiger Reserves Located ?
(a) Rajasthan (b) Assam
(c) Uttranchal (d) Kerala
Ans. (d) Kerala

28. Which one of the following States has the largest area under permanent forest ?
(a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Jammu & Kashmir
(c) Punjab (d) Madhya Pradesh
Ans. (d) Madhya Pradesh

29. Which one of the following is a great achievement of the Chipko Movement ?
(a) More trees are planted
(b) Development in Himalayan region
(c) Successfully resisted deforestation
(d) Soil erosion get declined.
Ans. (c) Successfully resisted deforestation

30. In what ways the forests were harmed by the colonial government ?
Ans. (1) For expansion of railways.
(2) For expansion of agricultural field.
(3) For expansion of commercial and scientific forestry.
(4) For expansion of milling activities. (Any three)

31. What do your know about “Permanent forest estates ? Name the state which has the largest area under these
forest estates.
Ans. Reserved and protected forests are also referred to as “Permanent forest estates”
(1) These forest states are maintained for the purpose of producing timber and other forest produce and for protective
reasons.
State : Madhya Pradesh (75 percent of its total forest area)

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32. Humans are dependent on the ecological system for their existence. Explain.
Ans. As a part of the ecological system human beings are dependent on it for their existence.
For example :
(1) We breathe in air, we drink water, we grow crops in soil, etc. These are the non living components of the ecological
system.
(2) On the other hand plants, animals and other microorganisms recreate the quality of these non living components.

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 2 – Forest and Wildlife Resources

3 Mark Questions
1. How does deforestation affect eco system? Give two reasons.
Ans.
1. Deforestation or cutting of trees affecting the eco system in many ways. It is responsible for climatic change.
2. It accelerates soil erosion and affects underground flow of water deforestation.

2. Depletion of forests leads to disappearance of wild life as well as many wild varieties of plants. How is
Afforestation helpful in maintaining ecological balance?
Ans.
1. Afforestation plays a major role in enhancing the quality of environment. They modify local climate. They
influence air temperature and reduce wind forces.
2. Afforestation helps in controlling soil erosion.
3. It provides natural environment for wild life.
4. Afforestation helps in enhancing the quality of rainfall.

3. What is a National Park? Name any two national parks of India?

Ans.
1. A national Park is relatively a large area where several ecosystems exist freely and are not disturbed materially
by human exploitation and occupation, and where plants and animal species, aesthetic sites and habitats are of
special scientific, educational and recreational interest.
2. There are 89 National parks in the country. The Corbett national Park in Uttarakhand.
3. Dudwa National Park in U.P.

4. What is Wildlife Sanctuary? How is it different from National Park?

Ans.
1. A wildlife sanctuary is like a national park but the difference is that in a sanctuary certain types of activates
might be permitted. Livestock grazing and collection of forest produce, for instance, may be allowed.
2. In a national park, conservation of species is mostly left to nature, with the least human activities, but in a
sanctuary conservation of species is affected by manipulative management.

5. What are Biosphere Reserves?

Ans.
1. Biosphere Reserves are multipurpose protected areas created to deal with the issue of conservation of bio-
diversity and sustainable use.
2. In a biosphere reserves, local communities, management agencies, scientists, cultural groups and non
government agencies work together to manage and substantially develop the area resources.
3. Here even agricultural activities are allowed to the local communities and bonafide employment is provided to
them. Tourism is allowed to boost revenue.

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6. Features A is marked in the given political map of India. Identify this feature with the help of the following
information and write their correct name on the line marked on the map. (a)Type of forest
B. on the same map of India locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols:
1. A state having Protected forest

2. A state having largest area under protected forest

Ans.

7. Why is the Himalayan Yew in trouble?

Ans.
1. The Himalayan Yew, locally known as the Thuner is a medicinal plant. Its biological name is Texus wallachiana.
2. It is found in certain parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh.
3. This wonder plant has a chemical compound taxol which is extracted from its twigs, roots, bark and needles. This
chemical is used to manufacture a drug which is used to manufacture a drug which is the largest anti-cancer
drug in the world today

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 4. Over the past 10 years this plant has been over-exploited resulting in drying up of trees which could have
survived and served their use for more years.

8. What steps have been adopted under the Indian Wildlife Act to protect endangered species of animals?
Ans.
1. In response to the conservationist’s demand for national wildlife protection program in 1960s and 1970s, the
Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972.
2. It contained many provisions for protecting habitats. The main focus was on protecting the remaining
population of certain endangered species.
3. For this to be accomplished hunting was banned, legal protection was given to their habitats and trade in
wildlife was restricted.
4. National parks and wildlife sanctuaries was setup.

9. What are the three types of forests as identified by Forest Department?

Ans.
1. Reserved Forests: These are the forests which are permanently earmarked for production of either timber or
other forest produce.
2. Protected Forests: As the name indicates these forests are protected from further depletion.
3. Unclassed Forests: This consists of inaccessible forests or unoccupied wastes.

10. Large scale development projects have significantly to the loss of forests. Give reasons to support this statement.
Ans.
1. Large-scale development projects have also contributed significantly to the loss of forests.
2. Since 1951, over 5,000 sq km of forest was cleared for river valley projects.
3. Clearing of forests is still continuing with projects like the Narmada Sagar Project in Madhya Pradesh, which
would inundate 40,000 hectares of forests.

11. How mining is responsible for the loss of forests. Give reasons.
Ans.
1. Mining is important factor behind deforestation.
2. The Buxa Tiger Reserve in west Bengal is seriously threatened by the ongoing dolomite mining.
3. It has disturbed the natural habitat of many species and blocked the migration route of several others, including
the great Indian Elephant.

12. Differentiate between Extinct Species and Endangered species.

Ans.
Extinct Species Endangered Species

1. These are the species which are not found after search of known or likely areas where 1. These are the species which are
they may accrue. in danger of extinction.

2. The examples of such species

2. Example: Asiatic Cheetah, Pink Headed Duck.
are black buck, crocodile.

13. Do you agree that natural vegetation is important for the environment as well as for the human beings? Give
reasons to support your answer.
Ans. Natural vegetation is very important for the environment as well as for human life. So, it is very essential to
conserve it. The main reasons for the importance of natural vegetation are following:
1. Natural vegetation adds beauty to nature.
2. Natural vegetation provides habitat to the wildlife, both birds and animals.

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 3. The coming generation would be deprived of great variety of fauna without the natural vegetation.

14. How does indiscriminate deforestation affect the ecosystem?

Ans.
1. The process of clearing of forests by cutting or burning of trees is known as deforestation.
2. In India, large areas of forests have been cleared for cultivation and settlement.
3. The growth of population has increased the pressure on human occupancy of land.
4. Hence, the depletion of forests affects the ecosystem, and as a result, soil erosion occurs. It has affected the
climate of areas. It has also caused floods in many areas.

15. What is biological diversity? Why biodiversity is important for human lives?
Ans. Biological diversity is immensely rich in wildlife and cultivated species, diverse in form and function but closely
integrated in a system through multiple networks of interdependencies.
Following are the importance:
1. Human beings depend on biodiversity for their very survival.
2. Without plants and animals we cannot survive, because we get oxygen from plant and it create the quality of air
we breathe in.

16. What is enrichment plantation? How is it harmful for natural habitat? Explain with example.
Ans. Some of our environmental activists say that the promotion of a few favored species, in many parts of India, has
been carried through the ironically-termed “enrichment plantation”, in which a single commercially valuable species was
extensively planted and other species eliminated.
For instance, teak monoculture has damaged the natural forests of South India and Chir Pine (pinus roxburghii)
plantation in Himalayas has replaced the Himalayan Oak (quercius spp.) and Rhododendron forests.

17. “India’s environment is at great risk”. Justify this statement.

Ans.
1. Over half of India’s natural forests are gone, one third of its wetlands drained out.
2. 70% of its surface water bodies polluted and 40% of its mangroves eliminated.
3. Hunting and trade of wild animals and commercially valuable plants are still going on.
4. As a result, thousands of plant and animal species are heading towards extinction.

18. Give any three methods of forest conservation adopted by the government after independence.
Ans.
1. The Indian wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with aim to protect wild life.
2. Government established national parks, Biosphere reserves and Wildlife Sanctuaries.
3. The central government announced several projects for protecting specific animals- Project Tiger.

19. How were colonial forest policies responsible for the depletion of forest resources in our country?
Ans. Some of our environmental activists say that the promotion of a few favored species, in many parts of India, has
been carried through the ironically-termed “enrichment plantation”, in which a single commercially valuable species was
extensively planted and other species eliminated.
For instance, teak monoculture has damaged the natural forests of South India and Chir Pine (pinus roxburghii)
plantation in Himalayas has replaced the Himalayan Oak (quercius spp.) and Rhododendron forests

20. What types of forests are found in different parts of India?

Ans.
1. Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Maharashtra have large
percentage of reserved forests of its total forest area.

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 2. Bihar, Haryana Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan have a bulk of it under protected forests.
3. All Northern eastern states and parts of Gujarat have a very high percentage of their forests as un-classed
forests managed by local communities.

21. Why do we need to conserve our forest and wildlife resources? Explain any three reasons.
Ans.
1. It preserves ecological diversity that why there is a need to conserve our forests and wildlife.
2. It preserves our life support system-water, air soil that why there is a need to conserve our forests and wildlife.
3. It preserves genetic diversity of plants and animals which generates better breeding that why there is a need to
conserve our forests and wildlife.

22. What are Sacred groves? How these are helpful in the conservation of flora and fauna?
Ans.
1. Sacred groves are patches of forest or parts of large forests that have been left untouched- any interference
with them being banned socially on account of sacredness and spiritually attached to them.
2. Sacred groves literally mean a forest of Gods and Goddesses. Due to the fear of God people have not cut the
forests and kill the animals.
3. Sacred qualities in Indian society are ascribed not only to forests but other creations of nature as we (such as
rivers, mountain peaks, animals etc.), which are closely protected.

23. Write any three features of Un-Classed forests..

Ans.
1. This consists of inaccessible forests or unoccupied wastes.
2. They belong to both government and private individuals and communities.
3. These are mostly found in the North-eastern states and parts of Gujarat where these are managed by the local
communities.

24. Write a short note on reserved Forests.

Ans.
1. Reserved Forests are regarded as the most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wild life resources
concerned.
2. These are permanently earmarked either for production or other purpose.
3. More than half of the total forest land has been declared as reserved forests.
These are controlled by government

25. Write down the features of the Reserved Forests.

Ans.
1. Reserved forests are permanently earmarked for production of either timber or other forest produce.
2. Grazing and cultivation are not allowed.
3. More than 50% of the total forest land has been declared as reserved forest.
4. These are important for forest and wildlife conservation.
5. These forests o Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and
Maharashtra fall under this category.

26. Write down the features of the Protected Forests.

Ans.
1. These forests are protected from further depletion.
2. Almost one-third of total forest area id protected forest, as declared by Forest Department.
3. Almost 1/3 of the total forest land is declared as protected forests.
4. The forests of Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan fall under this category.

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27. “Developed countries and rich people are considered the major factors for environmental degradation,” Explain.
Ans.
1. Developed countries consume more resources than underdeveloped or developing countries. For example an
average American consumes 40 times more resources than an average Somalian.
2. The rich class probably causes more ecological damage than the poor class because energy consumption level of
the rich is high as compared to poor.
3. Rich people use non-renewable resources at large scale but poor people are mostly dependent upon natural
resources.

28. “India has rich flora and fauna.” Explain

Ans.
1. India is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of its vast array of biological diversity.
2. Over 81000 species of fauna and 47000 species of flora are found in this country.
3. Of the estimated 47,000 plant species, about 15000 flowering species are indigenous to India.
4. It has nearly 8% of the total number species of the world (estimated to be 1.6 million).

29. Highlight the major drawback of the State of Forest Report (1999).
Ans.
1. The dimensions of deforestations in India are staggering. The forest cover in the country is estimated at 637293
sq km, which is 19.39 percent of the total geographical area.
2. According to state of Forest report (1999), the dense forest cover has increased by 10098 sq. km since 1997.
3. However this apparent increase in the forest cover is due to plantation by different agencies.
4. The state of Forest report does not differentiate between natural forests and plantation. Therefore this report
fails to deliver accurate information about actual loss of natural resources.

30. Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
Ans.
1. The Indian Wildlife protection act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions of protecting wildlife.
2. Forests are divided in to three categories in order to protect them from further depletion.
3. The steps taken by community to save flora and fauna are very appreciable.

31. Distinguish between reserved and protected forests.

Ans.
Reserved Forests Protected Forests

(1) The forests lands are protected from any

further depletion.
(1) The reserved forests are regarded as the most valuable.
(2) Almost one third of the total forest area
(2) More than half of the total forests has been declared reserved forests.
is declared protected forests.
(3) These forests are majority found in Jammu & Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh,
(3) These forests are majority found in Bihar,
Uttranchal, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal & Maharashtra.
Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh,
Rajasthan & Orissa.

32. Name any two North Eastern States of India having over 60 percent of Forests cover. Give two reasons.
Ans. States – (i) Arunachal Pradesh (ii) Manipur
(1) There is an abundance of rainfall in N.E. States.
(2) The hilly terrain of these states protects the forests from human exploitation.

33. What are the negative factors that cause such fearful depletion of flora and fauna ?

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Ans. (1) Expansion of railways.
(2) Conversion of forest land into agricultural land
(3) Mining activities.
(4) Large Scale development projects like river valley project etc.
(5) Grazing of Pastoral animals.
(6) Hunting and poaching of wild animals. (Any four)

34. Distinguish between endangered and extinct species.

Ans.
Endangered Species Extinct Species

(1) These are species which are not found after

(1) These are species which are in danger of extinction.
searches of known or likely areas where they may
(2) The survival of such species is difficult if the negative factors
occur.
that have led to a decline in their population continue to operate.
(2) They are already missing and their survival is
(3) Examples : Blackbuck, wild ass, Indian rhino, crocodile, lion-
suspicious.
tailed macaque etc.
(3) Examples : Asiatic cheetah, pink headed duck, etc.
(1) These are species which are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they may occur.
(2) They are already missing and their survival is suspicious.
(3) Examples : Asiatic cheetah, pink headed duck, etc.
(4) The people on their parts also cooperate to check the falling of trees. “Chipko Movement” to check the careless
falling of trees in the forests.

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 2 – Forest and Wildlife Resources

5 Mark Questions
1. How forests are useful to man?
Ans.
1. The wood that we get from the forests is important for building and construction purposes, for domestic
furniture and for fuel.
2. The raw materials for paper industry, match-making and sport materials are mainly derived from the forests.
3. The sandal wood, gums, resins, turpentine oil etc. are extracted from the forest products. Besides the above
products, the forests yield many other useful products such as herbs, lac, honey etc.
4. Grass grown in forests is used for grazing the cattle, sheep, camel etc. To great extent, the shortage for fodder is
also made up by these forests.
5. They play a major role in enhancing the quality of environment. They modify local climate. They help in
controlling soil erosion.

2. Explain how human activities have affected the depletion of flora

Ans.
1. Humans have cleared the jungles for their own living and the livings of their animals as well as for the
construction of their houses. Too much destruction of trees has disturbed the ecosystem and created various
health problems for themselves.
2. The agriculture expansion during the colonial rule and even after independence proved one of the major causes
of the depletion of the flora and fauna.
3. The great demand of sleeper for the expansion of railways and ship-building during the colonial rule also
inflicted a great damage to the Indian forests.
4. As a result of the removal of the original plant cover and its replacement by a single crop, the biological diversity
has been reduces and a single crop has become vulnerable to pests and diseases.

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 5. The burning of fossil fuels in large quantity, automobile exhausts, gaseous effluents from factories have led to
the pollution of air and water.

3. What were the views of foresters and environmentalists regarding the degrading factors behind the depletion of
forest resources?
Ans.
1. Manu foresters and environmentalists hold the view that the greatest degrading factors behind the depletion of
forests resources are grazing and fuel wood collection.
2. Though there may be some substance in their argument, yet, the fact remain that a substantial part of the
fodder demand is met by lopping rather than by felling entire trees.
3. The forest ecosystems are repositories of some of the country’s most valuable forest products, minerals and
other resources that meet the demands of the rapidly expanding industrial-urban economy.
4. These protected areas, thus mean different things to different people, and therein lays the fertile ground for
conflicts.

4. Write down the features of JFM.

Ans.
1. In India Joint Forest Management program furnishes a good example for involving local communities in the
management and restoration of degraded forests.
2. The program has been in formal existence since 988 when the state of Orissa passed the first resolution for joint
forest management.
3. JFM depends on the formation of local (village) institutions that undertake protection activities mostly on
degraded forest land managed by the forest department.
4. In return, the members of these communities are entitled to intermediary benefits like non timber forest
produces and share in the timber harvested by successful protection.

5. What steps must be taken to preserve the natural vegetation?

Ans.
1. Cutting of the trees in the forests must be stopped. The government has taken adequate steps in this direction.
Forest department has been created for this purpose. Laws have been implemented to punish the persons who
are found guility of cutting of trees. Awareness among the people is more important. Without this awareness
result cannot be satisfactory.
2. The people must cooperate to check the feeling of trees. Their active participation is most important in this
regard. Many persons have must come forward for this task.
3. Necessary wood for industrial purposes and for other activities must be acquired in a well planned manner, so
that industrial growth and environment protection both can be achieved.
4. Wherever the trees have been cut for any reason, new saplings of trees must be planted to maintain the
ecological balance.
5. Festivals like Vanmahotsava should be celebrated everywhere. It would help in growing the awareness.

6. What are the steps taken by Government to conserve flora and fauna of the country?
Ans.
1. To protect flora and fauna, the Indian wildlife protection Act was implemented in 1972, with various provisions
for protecting habitats.
2. An all–India list of protected species was also published. The thrust of the program was towards protecting the
remaining population of certain endangered species by banning hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats
and restricting trade in wildlife.
3. Central and many stage governments established national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.

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 4. The central government announced several projects for protecting specific animals, which were gravely
threatened, including the tiger, the one horned rhinoceros, the Kashmir stag or hangul, three types of crocodile-
freshwater crocodile, saltwater crocodile and the Gharial, the Asiatic lion, and others.
5. Most recently, the Indian elephant, black buck, the great Indian bustard and the snow leopard, etc. have been
full or partial legal protection against hunting and trade throughout India.

7. Highlight the trees and animals which are worshiped by Indian societies in different parts of India?
Ans.
1. The Mundas and the Santhals of Chhota Nagpur region worship the mahua and kadamba tree.
2. The tribals of Orissa and Bihar worship the tamarind and mango trees during auspicious accessions such as
weddings.
3. The peepal and banyan tree are considered sacred all over the country.
4. Certain animals such as macaques and langurs are treated as a part of temple devotees.
5. In Rajasthan nilgai, peocock and chinkara are an important part of the community and no one can think of
harming them

8. Write a short note on Beej Bachao Andolan in TehriNavdanya.

Ans.
1. Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya-Save the seed movement searches, reintroduces, collects, tests,
distributes and popularizes every indigenous variety of mountain crops available.
2. It has also been able to successfully revive the free exchange of seeds within the community and has proved to
be a lifeline of traditional mountain agriculture.
3. It advocates the discontinuation of the use of chemical dependent seeds and synthetic chemicals.
4. These measures, they argue, are also economically viable as diversified crop production in adequate quantities
have been achieved.

9. Mention the negative factors which since pre-independence to present period have contributed significantly to the
fearful depletion of flora and fauna in India.
Ans.
1. Colonial forest policies were responsible for depletion of forests, as enrichment plantation which promoted a
few favoured species eliminated the others.
2. Between 1951 and 1980 large areas of forests were transformed into agricultural land. It is estimated that more
than 26,200 sq. km of forest area was used for this purpose.
3. Expansion of railways, commercial and scientific forestry, mining activities and agriculture have contributed
toward depletion of flora and fauna.
4. Agricultural practices such as slash and burn popular in the tribal belts have also contributed towards depletion
of flora and fauna.
5. Development projects such as the Narmada Sagar Project in Madhya Pradesh have also led to the loss of forests.

10. The destruction of forests and wildlife is not just a biological issue. The biological loss is strongly correlated with
the loss of cultural diversity. Elucidate.
Ans.
1. Deforestation and destruction of wildlife is not just a simple problem. It has other related issues. This biological
loss correlates highly with the loss of cultural diversity.
2. These losses have had a deep and lasting impact on the forest dependent communities. These indigenous
communities are directly dependent on forests for their food, medicines, spirituality and other needs. Due to
deforestation these communities have become marginalized and impoverished.
3. Here again women are more affected than man. In most societies women shoulder the responsibilities of
collection of basic substance needs such as fuel, fodder, water, etc.

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 4. Women faces sever drudgery if their resources get depleted or scare and their health deteriorates as they have
to traverse long distances to collect these resources.
5. Deforestation also leads to floods and drought which hits the economically backward strata very hard. This
includes more poverty.

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 3 – Water Resources

1 Mark Questions
1. What is Palar Pani?
Ans. Rain water

2. How much percentage of global precipitation is received by India?

Ans. 4%

3. Which was the largest artificial lake of ancient India built in the 11th century?
Ans. Bhopal Lake

4. Name the hydraulic structure constructed by Iltutmish in the 14th century for supplying water to Siri Fort areas?
Ans. Tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi

5. Name the oldest water-harvesting system channeling the flood water of river Ganga.
Ans. Sringaverapura near Allahabad

6. Name the areas where farmers agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly
during drought?
Ans. Koyna basin, Uttar Pradesh

7. The Governments of which states raised the Krishna Godavari dispute?

Ans. Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh

8. Name the river on which the Tilaiya, Panchet, Mithon, Konar and Bokaro dams located?
Ans. River Damodar

9. Name the river on which the Koyna and Nagarjuna Sagar dams are located?
Ans. Krishna River

10. Name the river on which the Gandhi Sagar, Rana Partap Sagar and Kota Barage dams are located?
Ans. Chambal River

11. When water stress occurs, according to Falken Mark?

Ans. According to Falken Mark, a Swedish expert, water stress occurs when water availability is less than 1000 cubic
meters per person per day.

12. In which sate the bamboo-drip irrigation system is prevalent?

Ans. Meghalaya

13. Which are the two sources of fresh water in India?

Ans. Rivers and ground water

14. Name the region of India which suffers from water scarcity?

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Ans. States like Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana and Western Maharashtra

15. Which river is known as “River of Sorrow” in Jharkhand and West Bengal?
Ans. Damodar River

16. Name the two types of dams based on structure and material used.
Ans. Timber Dams, embankment dams or masonry dams.

17. Name the tributary of river Krishna on which there is a multipurpose project.
Ans. Tungabhadra

18. What percent of the total volume of world’s water is estimated to exist as oceans?
Ans. 96.5%

19. What is river basin?

Ans. It is the area which is drained by a single river system. It is also called drainage basin.

20. What do you mean by water divide?

Ans. The uplands that separates two drainage basins is called the water divide.

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 3 – Water Resources

3 Mark Questions
1. Why dams are now referred as multipurpose projects?
Ans. a. Dams are now referred to as multipurpose projects as the uses of the impounded water are in integration with
one another.
b. Dams are constructed to flood control, irrigation, generation and distribution of electricity.
c. Dams are constructed to conserve water, vegetation and soil.
d. It also helps to promote tourism.

2. Highlight the reverse effects of dams on aquatic life and vegetation.

Ans. a. Regulating and damming of rivers affect the natural flow of rivers, causing poor sediment flow and excessive
sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir, resulting in rockier stream beds and poorer habitats for the rivers’ aquatic
life.
b. Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate, especially for spawning.
c. The reservoirs that are created on the flood plains also submerge the existing vegetation and soil leading to its
decomposition over a period of time.

3. Mention the negative effect of over irrigation?

Ans. a. This has great ecological consequences like Stalinization of the soil.
b. Decrease the soil fertility.
c. It leads to water scarcity.

4. How can irrigation transform the social landscape?

Ans. a. Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmerd shifting to water intensive and
commercial crops.
b. This has great ecological consequences like Stalinization of the soil.
c. At the same time, it has transformed the social gap between the richer land owner and the landless poor farmers.

5. How dams are responsible for creating conflicts between people of same society? Explain with example.

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Ans. a. The dams did create conflicts between people wanting different uses and benefits from the same water
resources.
b. In Gujarat, the Sabarmati-basin farmers were agitated and almost caused a riot over the higher priority given to water
supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.

6. Features A is marked in the given political map of India. Identify this feature with the help of the following
information and write their correct name on the line marked on the map. 1. A Dam
B. on the same map of India locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols: 1. A Dam on River
Narmada 2. A Dam on River Tungabhadra

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Ans.

7. Explain the quantitative aspects of water scarcity.

Ans. a. Let us consider another situation where water is sufficiently available to meet the needs of the people, but the
area still suffers from water scarcity.
b. This scarcity may be due to bad quality of water. Lately there has been a growing concern that even if there is ample
water to meet the needs of the people, much of it may be polluted by domestic and industrial wastes, chemicals,
pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture, thus, making it hazardous for human use.

8. Highlight the facts given by The Citizens’ Fifth Report, CSE, 1999.
Ans. a. India’s rivers, especially the smaller ones, have all turned into toxic streams.
b. And even the big ones like the Ganga and Yamuna are far from being pure.
c. The assault on India’s rivers-from population growth, agricultural modernization, urbanization and industrialization-is
enormous and growing day by day.
d. This entire life stands threatened.

9. What do you know about Krishna Godavari Dispute?

Ans. a. The Krishna Godavari dispute is based on the objections raised by the Governments of Karnataka and Andhra
Pradesh.
b. The reason is diversion of more water flow at Koyna by the Maharashtra Government for irrigation and a hydro
electricity project.
c. It was felt that this would lessen the flow in their states which would have adverse affects on industry and agriculture.

10. What is rain water harvesting? State the objectives of rainwater harvesting.
Ans. a. Rain water harvesting as a method of utilizing rainwater for domestic and agriculture use is already widely used
throughout the world.
b. It has become a widely accepted technique of providing potable water in development projects all over the world.
c. Rain water harvesting is done for storing rainwater in containers above or below the ground.
d. Rainwater harvesting is done for charging into soil for withdrawal later.

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11. What are benefits of rainwater harvesting?
Ans. a. Rainwater harvesting increases water availability.
b. It checks the declining water table.
c. It is environment friendly.
d. Rainwater harvesting improves the quality of groundwater through the dilution of fluoride, nitrate and salinity.
e. Prevent soil erosion and flooding especially in urban areas.

12. Explain any three human values to reduce water wastage.

Ans. a. The Public should be made aware about the water scarcity and causes of shortage of water.
b. People should use water wisely and in a planned way.
c. Over irrigation should be stopped.
d. The habit of conserving water needs to be developed among the people.

13. What can be the effects of over-exploitation and excessive use of water resources?
Ans. a. Deletion of water resources.
b. Degradation of our natural ecosystem.
c. Shortage of availability of food which may adversely affect food security in the country.
Serious health hazards

14. Describe the qualitative aspect of water scarcity.

Ans. According to qualitative aspects of water scarcity, it is a situation where water sufficiently available to meet the
needs of the people, but, the area still suffers from water scarcity. This scarcity may be due to bad quality of water.
Lately, there has been a growing concern that even if there is ample water to meet the needs of the people, much of it
may be polluted by domestic and industrial wastes, chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture, thus, making
it hazardous for human use.

15. Why are dames now referred to as multi-purpose projects?

Ans. Today dams are built not just for irrigation but for electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial
use, flood control, recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding. Hence, dams are now referred to as multipurpose
projects where the many uses of the impounded water are integrated with one another. For example, in the Sutlej-Beas
river basin, the Bhakra- Nangal project water is being used both for hydel power production and irrigation. Similarly, the
Hirakud project in the Mahanadi basin integrates conservation of water with flood control.

16. What are the difference between traditional dams and multi-purpose projects?
Ans. a. Traditional dams were built to impound rivers and rainwater that could be used later to irrigate agricultural fields
only but now multipurpose projects are built not just for irrigation.
b. But for electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial use, flood control, recreation, inland
navigation and fish breeding.
c. Hence, dams are now referred to a multiple river projects where the many uses of the impounded water are
integrated with one another.

17. How were the understand ‘Tankas’ beneficial to the people of Rajasthan?
Ans. a. The underground tankas were able to provide reliable sources of drinking water during summer when other
sources had dried up.
b. The rainwater or palar pani was considered to be purest form of water.
c. They would help in keeping the room cool to manage the hot summer.

18. Why is rooftop rainwater harvesting the most common practice in Shilong in spite of the fact that Cherapunjee
and Mawsynram are situated only at a distance of 55 kilometers from there? Explain

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Ans. a. Shillong receives heavy rainfall during monsoon period but the state faces acute water shortage.
b. Once chirrapunji was famous because it received the highest rainfall in world. Today this area faces an acute water
shortage. This is a consequence of extensive deforestation and no efforts toward rainwater harvesting
c. It is mainly due to lack of water storage system.
d. Nearly every household in the city has a rooftop rain water harvesting structure.
e. Nearly 15-25 percent of the total water requirement of the household comes from roof top water harvesting.

19. Why is the need for water increasing day by day? Explain three reasons.
Ans. a. Population is increasing day by day. A large population means more water is required not only for domestic
purpose but for agricultural purpose.
b. Industries are the heavy users of fresh water for power which put tremendous pressure on water resources.
c. In cities or housing colonies, they have their own groundwater pumping devices to meet their needs resulting in over
exploitation of water resources.

20. What is the importance of water as a natural resource?

Ans. a. It is essential for life.
b. It is essential for domestic consumption.
c. Agriculture is possible only due to water.
d. In is a source of hydraulic energy.
Indispensable for disposal of sewage

21. Suggest some ways to conserve water resources.

Ans. a. Creation of more water storage.
b. Awareness should be spread about reasons of water scarcity.
c. Development of rainwater harvesting techniques and watershed developments.
d. Over irrigation should be stopped.
e. Setting up of more and more recycling of water plants.

22. How do the dams create conflicts between the people?

Ans. a. The dams have created conflicts between people wanting different uses and benefits from the same water
resources.
b. Inter-state water disputes are becoming common with regard to sharing the costs and benefits of the projects.
c. The landowners, the rich farmers. Industrialists and urban centers are benefitting at the cost of local communities.

23. “Multipurpose projects have failed to achieve the purpose for which they were built”. Justify by giving reasons.
Ans. a. These dams were constructed to control floods but sometimes they are unable to control floods.
b. Regulating and damming of rivers affect the natural flow of rivers causing poor sediment flow and excessive
sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir.
c. Dams also create conflict between the states and people, wanting different uses and benefits from the same water
resources.

24. Why is groundwater a highly overused resource?

Ans. a. Farmers dependent on groundwater to raise their crops.
b. Maximum people of the world are dependent on groundwater for drinking purpose and other house hold purpose
because according to them this water is fresh and clean.
c. Due to urbanization and industrialization maximum groundwater is used.

25. Why are multipurpose projects called as the temples of modern world?
Ans. Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams as the ‘Temples of the modern India’ due to the following reasons:
a. It would integrate development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialization and growth of the

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urban economy.
b. They not only help in irrigation but also help in electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses,
flood control, recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding.

26. Why is the scarcity of water increasing day by day in India?

Ans. a. Rapid growth of population.
b. Rising area under agriculture and rise in the demand of food and cash crops.
c. Water resources are being exploited to expand irrigated areas in dry seasons.
Due to industrialization

27. Why should we conserve and manage our water resources?

Ans. a. To maintain the water cycle.
b. To overcome the problem of water scarcity.
c. To stop the excessive use, overutilization and unequal access to water among different social groups.
d. Variation in seasonal and annual precipitation may affect the availability of water over time and space so there is a
need of water management.

28. How can we control over exploitation and mismanagement of water resources?
Ans. a. Conservation and management of water resources is a combined effort-each one of us contributing towards it
positively.
b. Multipurpose river projects should be created by the government to stop the flowing water.
c. Awareness should be spread among the people regarding water management and conservation.

29. State any three points that should be kept in mind before the construction of Dams?
Ans. a. While the construction of dams environment issues, displacement of people should be keep in mind.
b. Distribution of water in between the states should be judicial, while constructing dams.
c. More benefits of dams should be given to the local people whose life gets affected due to the construction of dam.

30. Why is there a need to conserve and manage our water resources?
Ans. a. Because water is essential for life, that’s why there is need to conserve water resources.
b. To ensure food security, that’s why there is need to conserve water resources.
c. For continuation of our livelihood and productive activities, that’s why there is need to conserve water resources.
d. To safeguard ourselves from health hazard that’s why there is need to conserve water resources.

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 3 – Water Resources

5 Mark Questions
1. Water is available in abundance in India ever then scarcity of water is experienced in major parts of the country.
Explain.
Ans. a. India receives 114 cm rainfall annually and it is far less than Israel, which receives only 25 cm rainfall annually.
b. Israel does not face the problem of water scarcity, but our country is facing this problem every year. The reason is
that we are unable to manage and conserve rainwater.
c. The availability of water resources varies over space and time, mainly due to the variations in seasonal and annual
precipitation, but water scarcity is most cases is caused by over exploitation, excessive use and unequal access to water
among different social groups.
d. Once chirrapunji was famous because it received the highest rainfall in world. Today this area faces an acute water
shortage. This is a consequence of extensive deforestation and no efforts toward rainwater harvesting.

2. How intensive industrialization and urbanization have passed a great pressure on existing fresh water resources in
India? Explain with two examples for each.

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Ans. a. Post independent India witnessed intensive industrialization and urbanization.
b. The ever increasing number of industries has made matters worse by creating pressure on existing freshwater
resources. Industries apart from being heavy users of water also require power to run them.
c. Much of this energy comes from hydroelectric power.
d. Multiplying urban centers with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have not only added to water and
energy requirement but have further aggravated the problem.
e. If we look into the housing societies or colonies in the cities, you would find that most of these have their own
groundwater pumping devices to meet their water needs. Not surprisingly we find that fragile water resources are being
over-exploited and have caused their depletion in several of these cities.

3. Give any five examples of traditional water harvesting system prevalent in various parts of India.
Ans. a. In hill and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ of the western Himalayas
for agriculture.
b. ‘Rooftop rain water harvesting’ was commonly practiced to store drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan.
c. In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields.
d. In arid and semi arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures that allowed the water
to stand and moisten the soil like the ‘khadans in jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.
e. In Meghalaya, a 200 years old system of tapping stream and spring water by using bamboo pipes is prevalent.

4. What is the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’? Why was it organized? What are the issues raised by this movement?
Ans. a. Narmada Bachao Andolan is prominent social movement to acquire access and control natural resources
endowed to the local people.
b. The activities of the Narmada Bachao Andolan in the late 1980s and 1990s brought worldwide attention to the plight
of the people from the area of Sardar Sarovar Dam across the Narmada River who is spread over the states of Gujarat,
Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.
c. Narmada Bachao Andolan is a non Government Organisation that mobilized tribal people, farmers, environmentalists
and human rights activists against Sardar Sarovar Dam.
d. It originally focused on the environmental issues related to trees that would be submerged under the dam water.
e. Recently it has refocused the aim to enable poor citizens, especially the oustees to get full rehabilitation facilities from
the government.

5. Write a short note on Hydraulic structures of ancient India.

Ans. a. In the first centuray b.c., Sringaverapura near Allahabad had sophisticated water harvesting system channeling
the flood water of the river Ganga.
b. During the time of Chandragupta Maurya, dams, lakes and irrigation systems were extensively built.
c. Evidences of sophisticated irrigation works have also been found in Kalinga (Odisha), Nagarjunakonda (Andhra
Pradesh), Bennur (Karnataka), Kohlapur (maharashtra), etc.
d. In the 11th centuray, Bhopal Lake, one of the largest artificial lakes of its time was built.
e. In the 14th century the tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi was constructed by Iltutmish for supplying water to Siri Fort Area.

6. Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.

Ans. a. Rooftop rain water harvesting is commonly practiced to store water.
b. In Arid and semi- arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain-fed storage structures that allowed the
water to stand and moisten the soil like the khadins in Jaisalmer and Johads in other parts of Rajasthan.
c. In the semi arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bekaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the houses
traditionally had underground tanks or tankas for storing were.
d. In Western Rajasthan, the practice of roof top rainwater harvesting is on the decline as plenty of water is availability
due to the perennial Rajasthan Canal, though some houses still maintain the tankas since they do not like the taste of
tap water.

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7. Describe how modern adaptation of traditional rainwater harvesting methods is being carried out to conserve and
store water?
Ans. a. Rooftop rainwater is collected through a pipe into the underground tanks. Rooftop rainwater harvesting is
practiced in Shillong and Meghalaya where nearly 15 to 25 percent of actual water requirement is met from rooftop
water harvesting.
b. In Many parts of rural and urban India, rooftop rainwater harvesting is successfully adopted to conserve and store
water.
c. In Gandathur a village in Karnataka and nearly 200 households has installed this system. From 20 houses, the net
amount of rainwater harvested amounts to 1, 00,000 liters annually.
d. In Meghalaya, Bamboo drip is practiced to transport stream and spring water by using Bamboo pipes.
e. Several low cost techniques are now available to recharge groundwater and harvest the rainwater like, construction
of proclamation ponds, refilling of dug wells and collection of rainwater and storing it in tanks or ground.

8. What is multi-purpose river valley project? State any four objectives of multi-purpose river valley projects.
Ans. Multipurpose river valley projects are meant to tackle various problems associated with river valleys in an
integrated manner. Following are the objectives of Multi-purpose river valley projects:
a. To control floods.
b. Check soil erosion.
c. Generate electricity
d. Provide inland navigation
e. Encourage tourism and recreation
f. Conservation of water.

9. In recent years, multipurpose projects and large dams have come under great scrutiny and opposition. Explain why.
Ans. a. Some social movements have opposed such large dams due to fact that local communities have been displaced
and rooted out of their original settlement areas.
b. Dames have also been a potent cause in creating conflicts between states, wanting to avail benefits from the same
water resources.
c. Sedimentation in the reservoir gas caused floods. These dams were constructed to control floods.
d. These dames caused land degradation. The flood plains were deprived of silt which is natural fertilizer.
e. These dams caused water borne disease, pest and pollution of water due to excessive use.

10. Three –fourths of the world is covered with water and water is a renewable resources. Yet many countries and
regions around the globe suffer from water scarcity. Explain.
Ans. We know that three-fourth of the earth’s surface is covered with water, but only a small proportion of its accounts
for freshwater that can be put to use. This freshwater mainly obtained from surface run off and ground water that is
continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle ensuring that water is a renewable resource.
96.5 percent of the total volume of world’s water is estimated to exist as oceans and only 2.5 per cent as fresh water.
Nearly 70% of this fresh water occurs as ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland and the mountainous regions of
the world, while a little less than 30 percent is stored as groundwater in world’s aquifers.

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 4 – Agriculture

1 Mark Questions
1. What is the average size of agricultural holding in India in 1970?
Ans. 2.1 hectare

2. In which part of India is Jhumming practiced in India?

Ans. North eastern parts of India

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3. Name any two fiber crops.
Ans. Jute, Cotton and natural silk

4. Name the country in which Jhumming agriculture is known as Milpa?

Ans. Mexico

5. Which type of farming is practiced in areas with high population pressure on land?
Ans. Intensive Subsistence Farming

6. Which type of agriculture is practiced on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools?
Ans. Primitive Subsistence Farming

7. What is Bewar?
Ans. It is primitive form of cultivation is called Bewar or Dahiya in Madhya Pradesh.

8. What is Pama Dabi?

Ans. It is primitive form of cultivation is called Pama Dabi in Odisha.

9. Can you name the type of farming Rinjha’s family is engaged in?
Ans. Shifting agriculture locally known as Jhumming.

10. Can you enlist some crops which are grown on shifting agriculture?
Ans. Cereals and some food crops like wheat and maize.

11. What is Zaid season?

Ans. In between the rabi and kharif seasons, there s a short season during the summer months known as the zaid
season.

12. Name the season during which watermelon, muskmelon and cucumber are produced?
Ans. Zaid season

13. What are Aus, Aman and Boro?

Ans. . In states like Assam, West Bengal and Orissa three crops of paddy are grown in a year. These are locally known as
Aus, Aman and Boro.

14. Name two important wheat growing zones of India?

Ans. The Ganga-Sutlej plains in the north and black soil region in the Deccan.

15. Name the rain fed millet crop mostly grown in the moist areas which hardly needs irrigation?
Ans. Jowar.

16. Which crop is used both as food and fodder?

Ans. Maize

17. Who offered 80 acres of land to landless villagers?

Ans. Shri Ram Chandra Reddy

18. Which is the kharif crop account for about half of the major oilseeds produced in the country?
Ans. Groundnut

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19. How many crops of paddy are grown in a year in the states like Assam, West Bengal and Orissa and they are
termed as by which names?
Ans. Three- Aus, Aman and Boro

20. Name the crops which are known as coarse grains.

Ans. Jowar, bajra and Ragi are the important millets grown in India. These are known as coarse grains.

21. What part of Total population of India is engaged in agriculture activities:

(a) 2/3
(b) 1/3
(c) 2/5
(d) 1/4
Ans. (a) 2/3

22. Which one of following is not Agro-based industry:

(a) Cement Industry
(b) Jute Industry
(c) Cotton textile Industry
(d) Sugar Industry
Ans. (a) Cement Industry

23. It’s type of Agriculture where farmers clear a patch of and produce rereads and other food crops to sustain that
family that is:
(a) Commercial farming
(b) Extensive farming
(c) Modern farming
(d) Slash and burn farming
Ans. d) Slash and burn farming

24. Agriculture where a single crop is grown on large area:

(a) Shifting Agriculture
(b) Plantation agriculture
(c) Horticulture
(d) Extensive Agriculture
Ans. (c) Horticulture

25. Which one of the following is ‘Kharif’ crop:

(a) Wheat
(b) Mustered
(c) Maize
(d) None of these
Ans. (c) Maize

26. Maximum consumption of natural rubber is made of –

(a) Auto tyres & tubes
(b) Footwear
(c) Beats and hoses
(d) Dipped goods
Ans. (a) Auto tyres & tubes

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27. India is the larger producer as well as the consumer of the world?
(a) Wheat
(b) Maize
(c) Pulses
(d) Millets
Ans. c) Pulses

28. What are three cropping seasons of India? Explain any one in brief.
Ans. India has three cropping seasons:-
(1) Rabi
(2) Kharif and
(3) Zaid
(1) Rabi crops: – Shown in winter from October to December.
– Harvest in summer from April to June.
– Main crop-wheat, barley, peas, gram, mustard
(2) Kharif crop:
– Grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country.
– Harnest in September-October.
– Maize jawar , bajra ,cotton, Soya been
(3) Zaid crops:
-sown between rabbi and kharif seasons. Crops: watermelon, Muskmelon, cucumber, fodder etc.

29. Discuss three main impacts of globalization on Indian agriculture.

Ans. 1.Indian agriculture products are not able to compete with the developed countries.
2.Bad condition of marginal and small farmers
3.Caused land degradation due to overuse of chemicals.

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 4 – Agriculture

3 Mark Questions
1. Define agriculture? Why has cultivation methods changed significantly over years?
Ans. A. Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other goods by the systematic raising of plants and
animals.
B. Agriculture is an age old economic activity in our country. Over these years cultivation methods have changed
significantly depending upon the characteristics of physical environment, technologically know how and socio-cultural
practices.
C. Farming varies from subsistence to commercial type.
D. At present in different parts of India- primitive subsistence farming, Intensive Subsistence Farming and commercial
Farming are practiced.

2. What is plantation farming? What are its main characteristics?

Ans. Plantation is a type of commercial farming. In This kind of farming a single crop is grown on a large area. This kind
of farming is a legacy of colonialism, adapted to local conditions. Following are its characteristics:
A. Plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry.
B. Cultivation of cash for export purpose.
C. All the produce is used as raw material in respective industries.
D. Tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana etc are important plantation crops.

3. What are millets? Why are millets very important food crop in India?
Ans. A. Jowar, Bajra and Ragi are the important millets grown in India.

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B. These are known as coarse grains.
C. These are used as food crops as well as fodder crops also.
D. These have very high nutritional value.

4. Why are some pulses known as leguminous crop? Why are they grown in rotation with other crops?
Ans. A. Maximum pulses are known as leguminous crops.
B. It helps in fixation of nitrogen.
C. Pulses are grown in rotation with other crops as they help in restoring soil fertility by using nitrogen from the air.

5. Distinguish between Gramdan and Bhoodan.

Ans. A. Bhoodan: Shri Ram Chandra Reddy offered 80 acres of land to 80 landless villagers. This act was known as
Bhoodan.
B. Later he travelled and introduced his ideas widely all over India.
C. Some Zamidars, owners of many villages offered to distribute some villages among landless. It was known as
Gramdaan.

6. A. Features ‘A’ is marked in the given political map of India. Identify this feature with the help of the following
information and write their correct name on the line marked on the map. 1. A major wheat producing state
B. On the same map of India locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols: 1. A leading Rubber
producing state. 2. A Major tea producing state

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Ans.

7. Which type of agriculture is known as slash and burn agriculture? What is the main disadvantage of this type
farming?
Ans. A. Shifting agriculture is known as slash and burn agriculture.
B. Such type of agriculture is harmful for environment.
C. Due to burning of plants and bushes, it causes pollution.
D. Du

8. Explain the factor upon which the different farming practices depends.
Ans. The types of farming practiced depend on following two factors:
A. Physical factors: It includes relief, climate and location.
B. Human Factors: Human factors include the cultural background of people, availability of irrigation and agricultural
practices.

9. Why there enormous pressure on agricultural land in land intensive subsistence farming?
Ans. A. The right of inheritance leading to division of land among successive generations has rendered land holding size
uneconomical.
B. The farmers continue to take maximum output from the limited land in the absence of alternative source of
livelihood.
C. Thus there is enormous pressure on agricultural land

10. The land under cultivation is being reduced day by day. Can you imagine its consequences?
Ans. A. Less land under cultivation would cause the lack of food grains for people.
B. Due to less production of food crops the prices of food crops will raise to its maximum extent.
C. It will also lead to more use of fertilizer and pesticides to get more and more production.
D. Use of fertilizers and pesticides leads to health problems.

11. Why is agriculture important for Indian economy?

Ans. A. Two third population of India engaged in agricultural activities.
B. Agriculture is a primitive activity, which produces most of the food that we consume.

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C. It also produces raw material for carious industries like cotton, sugar and jute industry
D. It also helps in collecting foreign exchange.

12. A. Features ‘A’ is marked in the given political map of India. Identify this feature with the help of the following
information and write their correct name on the line marked on the map.
1. A leading Coffee producing state
B. On the same map of India locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols:
1. A leading Bajra producing state
2. A leading Jowar producing state

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Ans.

13. What are the different names gives to it in different parts of India?
Ans. A. In India, this primitive form of cultivation is called Bewar or Dahiya in Madhya Pradesh.
B. Podu or Pennda in Andhra Pradesh.
C. Pama dabi or Koan or Bringa in Orissa.
D. Kumari in Western Ghats.
E. Valre or Waltre in South eastern Rajasthan.
F. Khil in Himalayan belt.
G. Kuruwa in Jharkhand and Jhumming in the North eastern region.

14. What are the efforts made by the government to modernize agriculture in India?
Ans. A. Establishment of Indian Council of Agricultural Research centre.
B. In 1980s and 1990s a comprehensive land development program was initiated, which include both institutional and
technical reforms.
C. Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease.
D. Kissan Credit Card, Personal Accident Insurance schemes introduced by the Government.

15. Write down the features of Primitive Subsistence agriculture.

Ans. A. Farmers clear, slash and burn a small piece of land and on it grow cereals and other food crops to sustain
themselves.
B. The entire family or community is utilized as labour force.
C. Primitive tools such as hoe, digging sticks and dao are used.
D. No fertilizers and manures is used and land productivity is low.
E. Primitive subsistence depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and suitability of the other environmental
conditions.

16. Write down the features of commercial farming.

Ans. A. The main characteristics of this type of farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs, e.g. high yielding

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variety seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity.
B. The degree of commercialization of agriculture varies from region to another.
C. For example, rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab, but in Orissa it is subsistence farming.
Plantation is also a type of commercial farming

17. Write down the features of Intensive Subsistence agriculture.

Ans. A. This type of farming is practiced in areas of high population pressure on land.
B. It is labour intensive farming, where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher
production.
C. The right of inheritance leading to division of land among successive generations has rendered land holding size
uneconomical.
D. The farmers continue to take maximum output from the limited land in the absence of alternative source of
livelihood. Thus there is enormous pressure on agricultural land.

18. A. Features ‘A’ is marked in the given political map of India. Identify this feature with the help of the following
information and write their correct name on the line marked on the map. 1. A leading golden fiber crop producing
state
B. On the same map of India locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols: 1. A leading sugarcane
producing state 2. A coffee growing state on the eastern state food production? Explain with any three reasons.

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Ans.

19. Write down the features of Rabi crops.

Ans. A. Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December.
B. These crops are harvested in summer from April to June.
C. Wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard are some major rabi crops.
D. North and north western parts of the country are important for growth of rabi crops.

20. Write down the features of Kharif crops.

Ans. A. Kharif crops are sown with the onset of monsoon in June.
B. These crops are harvested in the month of September and October.
C. Paddy, maize, jowar, tur, moong, urd, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean are some of the important crops.

21. Why is wheat mainly grown in Punjab? Give three reasons.

Ans. A. Cool and moist climate during growing season is found in Punjab.
B. Dry sunny warm climate at the time of ripening is also found in Punjab.
C. Fertile alluvial soil is found there.

22. Kerala leads in the production of rubber. Give three reasons.

Ans. A. Rebber requires high temperature and heavy rainfall throughout the year and Kerala has both these
requirements.
B. Rubber collection is a labour oriented occupation and as such it requires cheap labour and it is easily available in
Kerala.
C. It is a tropical crop and Kerala lies near the equator.

23. ‘Rice grows well in Punjab and Haryana also.’ State two reasons for it.
Ans. A. Rice requires hot and humid climate and lot of water as such it is possible to grow this crop in the arid lands of
Punjab and Haryana, but irrigation facilities in these states have done wonder and thirst of water has been provided by
irrigation through tube wells and canals.
B. The farmers of Punjab and Haryana are deals in commercial crops.

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C. The Governments of Punjab and Haryana have given full support to the farmers and they provide high yielding
varieties of paddy to the farmers.

24. Why has Indian agriculture started a declining trend in food production? Explain with any three reasons.
Ans. A. Indian farmers are facing a big challenge from international competition.
B. The quality of our production is not able to compete with those of the developed countries.
C. Subsidy on fertilizers, pesticides and HYV has been decreased, it lead to increase in the production cost.

25. Write briefly about the movement started by Vinoba Bhave known as Bloodless revolution?
Ans. A. Vinobha Bhave introduced voluntary redistribution of farm-lands to poor landless farmers for their economic
well being.
B. It started when some poor landless villagers demanded some land for their economic well being and unexpectedly
Shri Ram Chandra Reddy offered 80 acres of land to be distributed among 80 landless villagers.
C. This act was known as Bhoodan and many land owners chose to provide some part of their land to the poor farmers
due the land ceiling act. This Bhoodan and Gramdan movement initiated by Vinobha Bhave is also known as the Blood
less revolution.

26. What are millets and why are they called coarse grains? Give some examples of millet crops and areas they are
grown in.
Ans. Jowar, Bajra and ragi are the important millets grown in India. These are known as coarse grains but they have very
high nutritional value.
A. Jowar: Maharashtra is the largest producer of jowar followed by Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
B. Bajra: Rajasthan is the largest producer of bajra followed by Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Haryana.
C. Ragi: Karnataka is the largest producer of ragi followed by Tamil Nadu.

27. What do you know about Green Revolution?

Ans. A. Green Revolution is phrase used to describe the tremendous increase in the production of food grains like wheat
and rice in India.
B. It has been caused by large scale use of high yielding variety of seeds and development of surface and ground water
irrigation systems.
C. Large scale use of fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides, land reforms, rural electrification and farm mechanization
has caused Green revolution.

28. Describe the social impact of green revolution on the society.

Ans. A. The standard of living of the farmers increased because of increase in per capita in per capita income.
B. Farmer starts doing farm activities with modern facilities like tractors, thrashing machines etc.
C. Literacy has risen among the farmers.
D. The link between the money lenders and the farmers is no more. Now farmers prefer to borrow money from the
Banks.

29. Explain the economic impact of the Green Revolution on the society.
Ans. A. Per capita income of the farmers has increased.
B. The agriculture has been transformed from subsistence to commercial levels.
C. Farmers prefer to borrow money from banks instead of money lenders.

30. What are millets? Why are millets very important food crop in India?
Ans. A. Jowar, Bajra and Ragi are the important millets grown in India.
B. These are known as coarse grains.
C. These are used as food crops as well as fodder crops also.
D. These have very high nutritional value.

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31. Distinguish between rabi and kharif season? (At least two differences)
Ans. Difference between rabi and kharif season. (any two diff.)
Rabi
a) Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June
b) Some of the important rabi crops are wheat, barley, peas, gram, and mustard.
c) States from north and north- western parts such as Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir,
Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh are important for the production of wheat and other rabi crops.
Kharif
a) Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in the different parts of the country and these are harvested in
September-October.
b) Important crops grown during this season are paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur(arhar)moong, urad, cotton, jute,
groundnut and soyabean.
c) Some of the most important rice-growing regions are Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh,
Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra, particularly the(Kankan coast) along with Uttar Pradesh Bihar. Recently, paddy has
also become an important crop of Punjab and Haryana.

32. What is Horticulture? Name the fruits grown in India?

Ans. “Horticulture:-It is an art of cultivating fruits and vegetables. India is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in
the world. India is the producer of tropical as well as temperate fruits.”
India is known for
– Mangoes – Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
– Oranges – Nagpur and Cherrapunjee (Meghalaya),
– Bananas- Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu,
-Lichi and guava- Uttar Pradesh and Bihar,
-Pineapples – Meghalaya,
-Grapes – Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra
-Apples, pears, apricots, and walnuts – Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh are in great demand all over the world.
India produces about 13 per cent of the world vegetables. It is an important producer of pea, cauliflower, onion,
cabbage, tomato, brinjal and potato

33. Distinguish between Subsistence and Commercial agriculture.

Ans. Subsistence agriculture
(a) Subsistence agriculture is practiced small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, Dao and digging
sticks, and family/ communit labour.
(b) Farmers and their family produce cereals for themselves and for the loc market.
(c) It is practiced in thickly populated areas.
(d) Cereals like wheat, rice, millets are mainly raised.
Commercial agriculture
a) The main characteristics of this type of farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs, e.g. high yielding variety
(HYV) seeds, chemicals fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity.
b) Crops are grown on a large scale with a view to export them to other countries.
c) It is practiced in sparsely populated areas. d) Wheat, cotton, sugarcane etc. are mainly raised

34. What are the four important fiber crops of India? Describe any one of them.
Ans. four important fiber crops of India are:
Cotton, Jute, Hemp and Natural silk.
Cotton:-
(a) India is known as the original home of the cotton plant.
(b) India is the third largest producer of cotton in the world. (c)Cotton grows well in the drier parts of the black

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(c) cotton soil of the Deccan plateau.
(d) It requires high temperature, light rainfall or irrigation, 210-frost-free days and bright sun-shine for its growth.
(e) It is Kharif crop and requires 6 to 8 months to mature.
(f) Major Cotton producing states are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu,
Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.
OR
Jute:-
(a) Jute is known as the golden of fiber.
(b) It grows well on well-drained fertile soil in the flood plains where soils are renewed every year.
(c) High temperature is required during the time of growth.
(d) Major jute producing states are West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Orissa and Meghalaya.
(e) It is used in making gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets and other artifacts.

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 4 – Agriculture

5 Mark Questions
1. Explain the favourable temperature, rainfall and soil conditions required for the growth of tea. Name the leading
tea producing states.
Ans. 1. Introduction: Tea is the main beverage crop. India is the leading producer and exporter of tea in the world.
2. Climate: Tea plants grow well in tropical and subtropical climate. Tea thrives well in a hot and humid climate.
3. Soil Type: The soil requirement is deep fertile well drained soil which is rich in humus and organic matter.
4. Temperature: Ideal temperature for the growth is 200 to 300 C.
5. Rainfall: 150 to 300 cm annual rainfall is required. High humidity and frequent showers evenly distributed throughout
the year are good for rapid development of tender leaves.

2. Explain the favourable temperature, rainfall and soil conditions required for the growth of coffee. Name the
leading tea producing states.
Ans. 1. Introduction: It is second most important beverage crop of India. Indian coffee is known for its quality and is
hence in great demand all over the world. The variety produced in India is Arabica variety which was initially brought
from Yemen.
2. Climate: It requires hot and humid climatic conditions for growth.
3. Soil Type: The soil requirement is deep fertile well drained soil which is rich in humus and organic matter.
4. Temperature: 150C and 280 C.
5. Rainfall: rainfall 50 to 200 cm annually.
6.Areas of Cultivation: Its cultivation was initiated on Baba Buden hills and is today confined to the Nilgiri in Karnataka
Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

3. Name the major Horticulture Crops of India and also write their areas of cultivation.
Ans. 1. Mangoes: Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
2. Oranges: Nagpur and Cherapunji ( Meghalaya)
3. Bananas: Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
4. Litchi and Guava: Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
5. Pineapple: Meghalaya
6. Grapes: Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra.
7. Apples, Pears, Apricots and Walnuts: Jammu and Kashmir, and Himachal Pradesh.
8. Cashew nut: Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.

4. Which is the staple crop for majority of the people in India? What are the Geographical conditions required for its
growth. Name the major areas of its production.
Ans. 1. Introduction: Rice is the staple food crop of majority of the population.

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2. Climate: Paddy is a tropical crop and grows well in the wet monsoon.
3. Temperature: Above 250 C, coupled with heavy humidity.
4. Rainfall: It requires an annual rainfall above 100 cm. It requires heavy rainfall in summer and irrigation in areas of less
rainfall.
5. Areas of Cultivation: Rice is grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic region.
Development of dense network of canal irrigation and tube wells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less
rainfall such as Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan.

5. Which is the second most important cereal crop? What are the Geographical conditions required for its growth.
Name the major areas of its production.
Ans. 1. Introduction: Wheat is the second most important cereal crop. It is Rabi Crop. It is the main food crop, in north
and north-western parts of the country.
2.Soil Type: Alluvial soil and black soil
3. Temperature: Cool growing season and bright sunshine at the time of ripening.
4. Rainfall: 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall evenly distributed over the growing season.
5. Areas of Cultivation: There are two prominent wheat growing zones in the country-the Ganga-Sutlej plain in the
north-west and black soil region of Deccan. Wheat producing states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
Rajasthan and certain parts of Madhya Pradesh.

6. Name the crop which is used both as food and fodder? What are the Geographical conditions required for its
growth. Name the major areas of its production?
Ans. 1. Introduction: Maize is a crop which is used both as food and fodder. It is Kharif crop.
2. Climate: 140 frost free days
3. Soil Type: It grows well in old alluvial soil.
4. Temperature: It requires temperature between 210 C to 270C .
5. Rainfall: annual rainfall between 60 to 120 cm
6. Areas of Cultivation: In some states like Bihar maize is grown in Rabi season also. Use of modern inputs such as HYV
seeds, fertilizers and irrigation have contributed to the increasing production of maize. Major maize producing states are
Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar.

7. Name the crop which is main source of Sugar and Gur? What are the Geographical conditions required for its
growth. Name the major areas of its production.
Ans. A. Introduction: Sugar cane is the main source of sugar and gur. India is the second largest producer of sugarcane in
the world after Brazil. It is tropical and sub tropical crop.
B. Climate: It grows well in hot and humid climate.
C. Soil Type: it can be grown well on a variety of soils.
D. Temperature: Temperature requirement is 210 C to 270C .
E. Rainfall: Annual rainfall between 75 cm and 100 cm.
F. Areas of Cultivation: The major sugarcane producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana.

8. Which crop is known as golden fiber? What are the Geographical conditions required for its growth. Name the
major areas of its production.
Ans. 1. Introduction: Jute is known as the golden fiber. It is used to make mats, ropes, carpets, yarns, gunny bags and
many other ornamental things.
2. Soil Type: Well drained fertile soil in the flood plains. The soil which renewed every year.
3. Temperature: High temperature at the time of growth.
4. Areas of Cultivation: West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Orissa and Meghalaya are the major Jute producing states.

9. Why the growth rate in agriculture has been decreasing day by day. Give reasons.

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Ans. 1. Indian farmers are facing a challenge from international competition.
2. The cost of production inputs is increasing day by day.
3. Reduction in public investment in agricultural sector especially irrigation power, rural, roads, market, etc.
4. The pressure of WTO on the Indian government to remove the subsidies given to the farmers.
5. Reduction in import duties on agricultural products.
6. Withdrawal of investments by farmers from agriculture resulting in reducing employment in agriculture.

10. What are the basic features of Indian agriculture?

Ans. 1. Indian agriculture mainly depends on the arriving of monsoon. Though large areas in India, after independence,
have been brought under irrigation, only one-third of the cropped area is actually irrigated in true sense.
2. Maximum farmers are not aware about the modern farming techniques.
3. Indian farmers use fertilizers. Use of these fertilizers and pesticides has increased and large areas have been brought
under high yielding variety of seeds.
4. Indian farmers, in certain parts still practice subsistence agriculture. Farmers actually own small pieces of land and
grow crops primarily for their own purpose.
5. In India animals also play a significantly role in various kinds of agricultural operations.

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 5 – Minerals and Energy Resources

1 Mark Questions
1. Name the mineral which is used to reduce cavities in the toothpast
Ans . Fluoride

2. How the Geologists define Minerals?

Ans. According to them minerals are homogeneous, naturally accruing substances with a definable internal structure.

3. How much percent mineral intake represents of our total intake of nutrients?
Ans. 0.3 percent.

4. Sparkles in the toothpaste come from which mineral?

Ans. Mica

5. What are Rocks?

Ans. Rocks are combination of homogeneous substance called minerals.

6. What is Ore?
Ans. The term ore is used to describe an accumulation of any mineral mixed with other elements.

7. Name any two minerals which are found in veins and lodes.
Ans. Zinc and Lead

8. Name any two minerals which are found in beds and layers.
Ans. Coal and some forms of Iron

9. Define placer deposits?

Ans. These are the minerals which occur as alluvial deposits in sands of valley floors and the base of hills. These deposits
are called placer deposits.

10. Which minerals are found in ocean water?

Ans. Salt and Magnesium

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11. Name the mineral for which ocean beds are rich.
Ans. Manganese Nodules

12. Can you list any two metallic minerals which are obtained from veins and lodes?
Ans. Tin and copper

13. Name the places where coal mining is done by family members in the form of narrow tunnel.
Ans. Jowai and Cherapunjee

14. Which kind of rocks is found in western and eastern flanks of the peninsula?
Ans. Sedimentary Rocks

15. Which kind of mineral is found in Rajasthan?

Ans. Non ferrous

16. Name the districts of Odisha where Badampahar mines are found.
Ans. Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar

17. To which countries iron ore is exported from Vishakhapatnam port?

Ans. Japan and South Korea

18. Name the mineral which are found in Amarkantak Plateau.

Ans. Bauxite

19. Name the industries which are key users of natural gas.
Ans. Power and Fertilizer industry

20. With whose permission extraction is possible in India.

Ans. Government

21. How many percent minerals intake represents in our total intake of nutrients –
(a) 0.3
(b) 3.0
(c) 0.5
(d) 5.0
Ans (a) 0.3

22. Magnetite is the finest iron or with a new higher content iron- up to –
(a) 60%
(b) 70%
(c) 80%
(d) 90%
Ans b) 70%

23. State which is the largest producer of Manganese is –

(a) Karnataka
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Madhya Pradesh

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(d) Orissa
Ans (d) Orissa

24. Which is the oldest oil producing state in India:

(a) Gujarat
(b) Maharashtra
(c)Assam
(d) none of this
Ans (c)Assam

25. India now ranks as a super power in the world, that is:
(a) Wind Super Power
(b) Solar Super Power
(c) Hydel superpower
(d) Tidal Super Power
Ans (a) Wind Super Power

26. “Discovery and use of iron brought a radical change in human life” prove it with three examples.
Ans. a) Revolution in agriculture-different type of tools invented like axe, hook, plough etc.
b) Revolution in industry-different tools and machines like spinning.
c) Revolution in transportation- bullock-cart, ships, boats etc.

27. Describe the various forms in which minerals occur.

Ans. a) In igneous and metamorphic rocks ( cracks, crevice, faults or joints)
b) In beds or layers of sedimentary rocks due to deposition, accumulation and concentration.
c) Decomposition of surface rocks
d) Alluvial deposits in sands of valleys and the base of hills as “ Placer Deposits”

28. Why is mining activity often called a “Killer Industry”. Give three reasons.
Ans. a) High risk involved
b) Due to poisonous fumes, mines are vulnerable to workers for pulmonary diseases.
c) Risk of collapsing mines roofs, and fires in coal mines.
d) Water sources get contaminated

29. Give three reasons in the favour of use of ‘Atomic energy’.

Ans. a) Coal and natural oil are exhaustible.
b) Nuclear power plants are easy to handle
c) Most developed countries are utilizing this energy successfully
d) It can be useful in fields of medicines and agriculture
e) Hydel energy is not satisfactory due to environmental issues

30. Why does solar energy in Rajasthan have greater potential as non –conventional source of energy?
Ans. a) Hot and dry region
b) Clear sky almost whole year
c) Cheaper installation
d) Renewable and pollution free energy source.
e) Government motivation

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 5 – Minerals and Energy Resources

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3 Mark Questions
1. How minerals are formed in sedimentary rocks? Name any two mineral formed due to evaporation especially in
arid region.
Ans. A. In sedimentary rocks a number of minerals occur in beds and layers.
B. They have been formed as a result of deposition, accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata.
C. Coal and some forms of iron ore have been concentrated as a result of long periods under great heat and pressure.
D. Another group of sedimentary minerals include gypsum, potash salt and sodium salt. These are formed as a result of
evaporation especially in arid region.

2. Explain with an example that aluminum was widely used by the emperors of France.
Ans. A. After the discovery of aluminium Emperor Napoleon III wore buttons and hooks on his clothes made of
aluminium.
B. Food was served to his more illustrious guests in aluminium utensils and the less honorable ones were served in gold
and silver utensils.
C. Thirty years after this incident aluminium bowls were most common with the beggars in Paris.

3. Name any one rock mineral. Write about its formation. Name the industry in which it is used?
Ans. A. Limestone is a rock mineral.
B. It is found in association with rocks composed of calcium carbonate or calcium and magnesium carbonates.
C. It is found in sedimentary rocks of most geological formations.
D. Limestone is the basic raw material for cement industry and essential for smelting iron ore in the blast furnaces.

4. Can you illustrate some suggestions to conserve minerals?

Ans. A. A concerted effort has to be made in order to use our mineral resources in a planned and sustainable manner.
B. Improved technologies need to be constantly evolved to allow use of low grade ores at low costs.
C. Recycling of metals, using scrap metals and other substitutes are steps in conserving our minerals resources for
future.

5. Study the given chart carefully and answer the following questions:
A. Which state is the largest producer of manganese in India?
B. What is the use of manganese?
C. What is the share of Madhya Pradesh in the production of manganese ore?

Ans. A. Odisha is the largest producer of manganese ore in India.

B. Manganese is mainly used in the manufacture of steel.
C. About 22%.

6. A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
1. A Coal Mine 2. Nuclear Power Plant
B. Locate and Labe Mangalore iron ore exporting port with appropriate symbols on the same map given for
identification

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Ans.

7. Toothpaste is a combination of various Minerals”. Support the statement with suitable examples.
Ans. Yes, toothpaste is a combination of so many minerals. Toothpaste cleans our teeth. Abrasive minerals like silica,
limestone, aluminum oxide and various phosphate minerals do the cleaning. Fluoride which is used to reduce cavities,
come from a mineral fluoride. Most toothpaste is made white, with titanium oxide, which comes from minerals called
rutile, ilmenite and anatase. The sparkle in some toothpaste comes from mica. The toothbrush and tube containing the
paste are made of plastics from petroleum.

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8. What is the difference in approach of Geographers and Geologists in the study of mineral resources?
Ans. Geographers study minerals as part of the earth’s crust for a better understanding of land reforms. The Distribution
of minerals resources and associated economic activities are interest to geographers.
Geologists, however, is interested in the formation of minerals, their age and physical and chemical composition.

9. Distinguish between metallic Minerals and Non Metallic Minerals.

Ans. Metallic Minerals
1. Minerals from which metals are extracted.
2. They can be pressed in to wires or sheets.
3. Iron gold silver are metallic minerals
Non-Metallic Minerals
1. Minerals consist of non-metals.
2. They cannot be pressed in to wires or sheets
3. Clay, Sulphur, coal, potash are all non metallic minerals.

10. How do decomposition and weathering influence formation of minerals? Name a mineral formed due to
decomposition and weathering?
Ans. A. This type of formation involves the decomposition of surface rocks under the effect of pressure, temperature
and humidity.
B. Due to weathering effects of wind and water the soluble constituents, leaving a residual mass of weathered material
containing ores.
C. Bauxite is formed this way.

11. What is the contribution of coal in the installed capacity of electricity? Why is the share of coal continuing to be
highest?
Ans. A. 62% is the contribution of coal in the installed capacity of electricity.
B. The share of coal is continuing to be highest because of the following facts.
1. India has a huge resource of coal of different kinds, such as anthracite, bituminous, lignite and peat.
2. The potential of India in the field of hydel power is quite high but only one sixth has been derived developed.
3. Electricity produced by nuclear plants is only in the initial stages. This way is not properly developed.

12. A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
1. Bauxite Mine
2. Mica mine

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Ans. A.i. Madhya Predesh
A.ii. Andhra Pradesh

13. Outline the uses of Energy? Explain the different sources of energy resources.
Ans. Uses: Energy is required for all activities. It is needed to cook, to provide light and heat, to propel vehicles and to
drive machinery in Industry.
Sources of Energy:
a. Energy can be generated from non conventional sources include- solar energy, wind, tidal, geothermal, bio gas and
atomic energy.
b. Energy is also generated from conventional sources include-firewood, cattle dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas
and electricity both hydel and thermal.

14. Why the use of fire wood and dung cake should be discouraged?
Ans. A. Fire wood and dung cattle dung cake are most common in rural India.
B. According to one estimate more than 70 per cent energy requirement in rural households is met by these two.
C. Continuation of these is increasingly becoming difficult due to decreasing forest area,
D. Moreover using dung cakes too is being discouraged because it consumes most valuable manure which could be used
in agriculture.

15. How would you classify the types of coal on the bases of geological ages?
Ans. A. Gondwana Coal Fields: The Gondwana coal fields are 250 million years of age. The major resources of gondwana
coal which are metallurgical coal are located in Damodar valley (West-Bengal-Jharkhand). Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro and
important coal fields. The Godavari, Mahanadi, son and Wardha valleys also contain coal deposits.
B. Tertiary Coal Fields: The Tertiary coal fields are only 55 million years old. Tertiary coals occur in the north eastern
states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.

16. Write a short note on HVJ Pipeline.

Ans. The HVJ pipeline is Hazira-Vijaipur-jagdishpur pipeline. It is 1700 km long. This pipeline links Mumbai High and

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Bassien with fertilizer, power and industrial complexes in western and northern India. This artery has provided an
impetus to India’s gas production. The power and fertilizer industries are the key users of natural gas. Use of
Compressed Natural Gas for vehicles to replace liquid fuels is gaining wide popularity in the country.

17. Study the given chart carefully and answer the following questions:
A. Name the state where Khatri mines of India lies?
B. Which state is the largest producer of copper in India?
C. Which industries mainly dependent on copper?

Ans. A. In Rajasthan
B. Madhya Pradesh
C. Electrical cables, electronics and chemical industries.

18. A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
1. Mica mine
2. Iron ore exporting port

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B. Locate and Label Durg iron ore mine with appropriate symbols on the same map given for identification

Ans.

19. Write about the formation of Tidal energy.

Ans. A. Oceanic tides are used to generate electricity.
B. Floodgates dames are built across inlet. During high tide water flows into the inlet and gets trapped when the gate is
closed.

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C. After the tide falls outside the flood gate, the water retained by the floodgate, the water retained by the floodgate
flows back to the sea via pipes that carries it through a power-generating turbine.

20. How the people of rural areas get benefited from the setting up of biogas plants?
Ans. A. Shurbs, farm waste, animal and human waste are used to produce biogas for domestic consumption in rural
areas.
B. The plants using cattle dung are known as Gobar gas plants in rural areas.
C. Theses provide twin benefits to the farmer of rural areas in the form of energy.
D. Farmers also get improved quality of manure.
E. Bio gas is far the most efficient use of cattle dung.
F. It also prevents the loss of trees and manure due to burning of fuel wood and cow dung cakes.

21. Explain the different uses of mineral oil.

Ans. A. Petroleum is a mineral oil is the next major energy source in India after coal.
B. It provides fuel for heat and lighting, lubricants for machinery and raw materials for a number of manufacturing
industries.
C. Petroleum refineries act as a nodal industry foe synthetic textile, fertilizers and numerous chemical industries.

22. How would you explain the occurrence of petroleum in India?

Ans. A. Most of the petroleum occurrences in India are associated with anticline and fault traps in the rock formations of
the tertiary age.
B. In regions of folding, anticlines or domes, it occurs where oil is trapped in the crest of the up fold.
C. The oil bearing layer is a porous limestone or sand stone through which oil may flow.
D. The oil is prevented from rising or shrinking by intervening non-porous layers.

23. Study the given chart carefully and answer the following questions:
A. Which state is the largest producer of Bauxite in India?
B. Which mineral is derived from Bauxite?
C. What is the importance of aluminium?

Ans. A. Odisha
B. Aluminium
C. It combines the strength of iron but it is quite light in weight and has good conductivity and great malleability.

24. A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
1. Nuclear Plant
2. Oil Field

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B. Locate and Label Koraput Bauxite mine with appropriate symbols on the same map given for identification

Ans.

25. Write any two features of natural gas. Why is it considered an environment friendly fuel?
Ans. A. Natural gas is an important clean energy resource found in association with or without petroleum.
B. It is used as a source of energy as well as an industrial raw material in the petrochemical industry.
C. Natural gas is considered an environment friendly fuel because of low carbon dioxide emission and is, therefore the
fuel for the present country.

26. Can you explain the natural gas reserves of India?

Ans. A. Large reserves of natural gas have been discovered in the Krishna-Godavari basin.

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B. Along the west coast the reserves of supplemented by finds in the Gulf of Cambay.
C. Andaman and Nicobar islands are also important areas having large reserves of natural gas

27. Name the type of energy whose per capita consumption is considered as an index of development. Explain the
different ways by which this of energy resource is generated.
Ans. Electricity has such a wide range of application in today’s world that, its per capita consumption is considered as an
index of development. Electricity is generated mainly in two ways:
A. Hydro electricity: Hydro electricity is generated by running water which drives hydro turbines to generate hydro
electricity. It is renewable resource of energy.
B. Thermal Power: It is generated by burning other fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas to drive turbines to
produce thermal power.

28. Write about the composition and formation of limestone. What are the uses of it?
Ans. Composition: Limestone is found in association with rocks composed of calcium carbonates or calcium and
magnesium carbonate.
Formation: It is found in sedimentary rocks of most geological formation.
Uses: Limestone is the basic raw material for the cement industry and essential for iron ore in the blast furnace.

29. Study the given chart carefully and answer the following questions:
A. What does this picture shows?
B. Which states of India have important wind farms?
C. Name the places which are well known for effective use of wind energy?

Ans. A. This pictures shows the wind mills, which help in generate wind energy.
B. Tamil Nadu followed Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra and Lakshadweep have important
wind farms.
C. Nagarcoil and Jaisalmer are well known for effective use of wind energy in the country.

30. A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
1. Iron ore mine
2. Manganese mine
B. Locate and Label Ajmer Mica mine with appropriate symbols on the same map given for identification.

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Ans.

31. What are the Petroleum producing areas in India. Explain.

Ans . Most of the petroleum producing areas in India are associated with anticlines and faults traps in the rock
formations of the tertiary age. In the region folding, anticlines or domes, it occurs where oil is trapped in the crest
of the uphold. Petroleum is also found in fault traps between porous rocks.
Major petroleum producing areas of India are …
1) ASSAM- Digboi, Naharkatia, Moran-Hugrijan, Namdang region
2) GUJRAT- Ankeleshwar, Lunez, Navgan
3) MUMBAI HIGH
4) Godavari – Mahanadi basin

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32. Distinguish between Natural Gas and Bio Gas.
Ans. NATURAL GAS
• It is a mixture of combustible gaseous hydrocarbons occurring in the rocks of earth crust.
• This is commercial energy.
• It is used as raw material in the petrochemicals.
• It is transported from one place to another through pipeline.
• Mostly used in urban areas.
• BIO GAS
• It is derived by decomposition of waste of animals and plants with the help of microorganism in presence of water.
• Non commercial energy
• It is produced in tanks
• It is found in rural areas

33. What is Non – Conventional sources of energy? Discuss two sources of such types of energy.
Ans. Sources of energy which are renewable, eco-friendly and newer one are called non conventional sources of energy
i.e. wind energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy etc.
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY:
Geothermal energy refers to the heat and electricity produced by using the heat from the interior of the earth. Where
the geothermal gradient is high , high temperature is found at shallow depth . There are several hot springs in India
which could be used to generate electricity. Two projects, one is MANIKARAN in Himachal and second in PUGA VALLEY
in Ladakh has been set up in India to harness Geothermal energy.
TIDAL ENERGY:
Oceanic tides can be used to generate electricity .During high tides water flows into the inlet and get trapped when it is
closed. After the fall of tide the water flows back to the sea via pipe lines that carry it through power generating
turbines. In India gulf of Kutch provides ideal conditions for tidal energy.

34. India now ranks as a “WIND SUPER POWER “in the world. Why?
Ans. • India gets advantage of trade winds, western lies and monsoon winds.
• Wind energy completely pollution free and non exhaustible that’s why it becomes popular.
• India has an ambitious program to install 250 wind driven turbines with total capacity of 45 mega watts spread over 12
suitable locations.
• India’s potential wind power generation is of 50000 megawatts of which ¼ can be easily harnessed.
• Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu have favorable conditions for wind energy. Wind power
plant at LAMBA in Gujarat, is the largest in Asia.

35. How can we conserve energy resources in India? Explain.

Ans. Following efforts can be made to conserve energy resource in India:
i. Using public transport instead of individual vehicles.
ii. Switching of electricity when not in use.
iii. Using power saving devices.
iv. More and more use of non conventional source of energy as they are renewable and eco-friendly.
v. In automobiles electrical motors should be introduced.
vi. Intensified exploration and research of new sources of energy

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 5 – Minerals and Energy Resources

5 Mark Questions
1. What are Non-Conventional Sources of Energy? Why do they have a bright future in India.
Ans. Resources which we can use again and again and which are renewable in nature are non-conventional resources of
energy. Due to the following reasons they have bright future in India.

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Resources which we can use again and again and which are renewable in nature are non-conventional resources of
energy. Due to the following reasons they have bright future in India.
A. India is blessed with an abundance of sunlight, water, wind and bio mass.
B. India is tropical country. It has enormous possibilities of tapping solar energy.
C. India now ranks a wind super power in the world. States like Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Kerala,
Maharashtra, and Lakshadweep have important wind farms
D. In India the Gulf of Kichchh, provides ideal conditions for utilizing tidal energy.
E. There are several hundred hot spot springs in India, which could be uded to generate Geo Thermal Energy.

2. Write a short note on Bauxite, its formation, features and distribution in India.
Ans. Bauxite is a clay-like substance from which alumina and later aluminium is obtained. Aluminium is an important
metal because it combines the strength of metals such as iron, with extreme lightness and also with good conductivity
and great malleable ability.
Formation: Bauxite deposits are formed by the decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicates.
Distribution:
A. It is found in the Amarkantak Plateau, Maikal Hills and the plateau region of Bilaspur-Katni.
B. Odisha is the largest bauxite producing state in India.
C. Panchpatmali deposits in Koraput District are the most important bauxite deposits in the state.
D. 45% of the country’s total production in 2000-01 was in Odisha.

3. Why there is a need of conservation of minerals?

Ans. A. The total Volume of workable mineral deposits in an insignificant fraction i.e. one percent of the earth’s crust.
B. We are rapidly consuming mineral resources that required millions of years to be created and concentrated.
C. The geological processes of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in
comparison to the present rates of consumption.
D. Mineral resources are finite and non renewable.
E. Mining of minerals causes great threat to the environment and health of the human beings.Due to the above
discussed reasons it is necessary to conserve the minerals and use them in a judicious way.

4. How would you classify the types of coal depending on the degrees of compression?
Ans. Following are the types of coal on the degree of compression:
A. Peat: Decaying plants in swamps produced peat, which has a low carbon and high moisture contents. It has very
heating capacity.
B. Lignite: Lignite is a low grade brown coal, which is soft with high moisture content. The principal lignite reserves are in
Neyveli in Tamil Nadu and used for generation of electricity.
C. Bituminous: Coal that has been buried deep and subjected to increased temperature is bituminous coal. It is the most
popular coal in commercial use. Metallurgical coal is high grade bituminous coal which has a special value foe smelting
iron in blast furnace.
D. Anthracite: It is highest quality hard coal.

5. Name the non metallic mineral, which can be easily splits into thin sheets. What are the properties of this mineral
and it is found in which areas?
Ans. Mica is the mineral made up of a series of plates or leaves. It splits easily into thin sheets.
Properties:
A. Mica sheets can be so thin that a thousand can be layered in to mica sheet of a few centimeters high.
B. Mica can be clear, black, green, red, yellow or brown, Due to its excellent di-electric strength, low power loss factor,
insulating properties and resistance to high voltage, mica is one of the most indispensable minerals used in electric and
electronic industries.
Mica producing areas:
A. Mica is found in the northern edge of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. Koderma Gaya- Hazaribhag belt of Jharkhand is the

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leading producers.
B. In Rajasthan the major mica producing area is around Ajmer.
C. Nellore mica belt of Andhra Pradesh is also an important producer in the country.

6. Explain the different forms of occurrence of minerals.

Ans. A. Occurrence of Minerals in Igneous and Metamorphic rocks: In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals may
occur in cracks, crevices, faults and joints. The smaller occurrence is called veins and the larger are called lodes. Major
metallic minerals like tin, copper, zinc and lead etc are obtained from veins and lodes.
B. Occurrence of minerals in sedimentary rocks: In sedimentary rocks a number of minerals occur in beds and layers.
They have been formed as a result of deposition, accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata. Coal and some
forms of iron ore have been concentrated as a result of long periods.
C. Occurrence of minerals through Decomposition of surface rocks: Another mode of formation involves the
decomposition of surface rocks, and the removal of soluble constituents, leaving a residual mass of weathered material
containing ores. Bauxite is formed this way.
D. Alluvial deposits: Certain minerals may occur as alluvial deposits in sands of valley floors and the base of hills. These
deposits are called placer deposits.
E. Minerals in ocean water and ocean beds: The ocean water contains vast quantities of minerals. Common salt,
magnesium and bromine are largely derived from ocean water. The ocean beds too are rich in manganese nodules

7. Distinguish between conventional and non conventional sources of energy.

Ans.
Conventional Non- Conventional

1. Conventional sources of energy are non renewable sources of 1. Non conventional sources of energy are renewable
energy. sources of energy.

2. These sources get depleted with its use. 2. These resources can be used again and again.

3. These are traditional sources of energy. 3. These are recently developed sources of energy.

4. These causes large scale pollution. 4. These are environment friendly resources.

5. For example: Solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy

5. For example : Coal, petroleum, diesel, etc.
etc.

8. Explain any five types of non conventional sources of energy developed in India.
Ans. A. Solar energy: India is a tropical country. It has enormous possibilities of tapping solar energy. Photovoltaic
technology converts sunlight directly into electricity. Solar energy is fast becoming popular in rural and remote areas.
The largest solar plant of India is located at Madhapur, near Bhuj, where solar energy is used to sterilize milk cans.
B. Wind power: India now ranks as a wind super power in the world. The largest wind farm cluster is located in Tamil
Nadu from Nagarcoil to Madurai.
C. Bio Gas: Shrubs, farm waste, animal and human waste are used to produce bio gas for domestic purpose in rural area.
Decomposition of organic matter yields gas, which has higher thermal efficiency in comparison to kerosene, dung cake
and charcoal.
D. Tidal energy: Oceanic tides can be used to generate electricity. Floodgate dams are built across inlet. During high tide
water flows into the inlet and gets trapped when the gate is closed. From that stored water electricity is generated.
E. Geo thermal Energy: Geothermal energy refers to the heat and electricity produced by using the heat from the
interior of the earth

9. Describe the importance of minerals in human life.

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Ans. A. Minerals are indispensable part of our life. Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin towering building or a big
ship, all are made from minerals.
B. The railway lines and the tarmac of the roads, our implements and machinery too are made from minerals.
C. Cars buses, trains, aero plans are manufactured form minerals and run on power resources derived from the earth.
D. In all stages of development, human beings have used minerals for their livelihood, decoration, festivities, religious
and ceremonial rites.
E. Availability of the minerals helps in the economic development of the country.
F. Our food too contains minerals.

10. Can you explain the different types of iron ores?

Ans. Following are the different types of Iron ores:
A. Magnetite: it is the finest iron ore with a very high content of iron up to 70 percent. It is excellent magnetic qualities,
especially valuable in the electrical industry.
B. Hematite: Hematite is the most important industrial iron ore in terms of the quantity used, but has slightly lower iron
content than magnetite. (50-60 percent).
C. Limonite: It has iron content of about 40-60 percent.
D. Siderite: It has content of iron between 40-50 percent.

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 6 – Manufacturing Industries

1 Mark Questions
1. Name the any two public sector industries.
Ans.
 National Thermal Power Corporation(NTPC)
 Oil and Natural Gas Corporation(ONGC)
 Steel Authority of India Limited(SAIL)
 Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited(BHEL)

2. What are small scale industries?

Ans. An industry where the investment on the assets of a unit is less than one crore is known as small scale industries.

3. Oil India Ltd is which type of Industry on the basis of ownership?

Ans. Joint sector Industry

4. What are heavy industries?

Ans. Industries in where bulky and heavy weight of raw material is used and heavy finished goods are produced.
Example: Iron and steel industry.

5. What is Cryolite?
Ans. A molten metal acts as an electrolyte.

6. When and where, the first cement plant was set up?
Ans. 1904, Chennai

7. Write down the basic inputs of Iron and steel industry.

Ans. Coking coal, limestone and manganese

8. What is NTPC?
Ans. National Thermal Power Corporation

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9. Name any two pre independence industrial cities of India.
Ans. Bombay and Kolkata

10. In which year national jute policy was formulated.

Ans. 2005

11. Name the company through which public sector undertakings market their steel.
Ans. Steel authority of India

12. How many technology parks are in India?

Ans. 18

13. Name the undertaking which has ISO certification for EMS (Environment management System) 14001.
Ans. National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC)

14. What is the position of India in the production of Gur and Khandasri in the world?
Ans. First position

15. How much electricity is required for the smelting per ton of Aluminium ore?
Ans. 18,600 Kwh per ton of ore

16. Name the basic raw material used for sugar industry.
Ans. Sugarcane

17. Which were the techniques used in ancient India to produce cotton textiles.
Ans. Hand spinning and handloom weaving

18. Name any two Asian countries who imports cotton goods from India.
Ans. Singapore and Sri Lanka

19. To which Asian country India exports yarn?

Ans. Japan

20. In 1857 where the first cotton mill of India was founded
A. Mysore
B . Madras
C . Surat
D. Bombay
Ans. D. Bombay

21. Largest producer of Jute and Jute made goods

A. Bangladesh
B. India
C. Sri Lanka
D. Brazil
Ans. B. India

22. Iron and steel is a

A. an agro base industry
B. a chemical industry

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C. basic industry
D. tertiary industry
Ans. C. basic industry

23. Durgapur is situated in

A. Jharkhand
B. Orissa
C. Chhattisgarh
D. West Bengal
Ans. D. West Bengal

24. Chemical industries usually are located near

A. Iron and steel industries
B. Thermal power plant
C. Oil refineries
D. Automobile industry
Ans. C. Oil refineries

25. STP is the Abbreviation of

A. System tech park
B. Software Technology Park
C. State thermal plant
D. Software Technology Picket
Ans. B. Software Technology Park

26. NTPC is the Abbreviation of

A. National Textile Production Company
B. National Technology Production Company
C. National Thermal Power Corporation
D. National Tuberculosis Prevention Corporation
Ans. C. National Thermal Power Corporation

27. Atomic power plant causes

A. Water Pollution
B. Noise Pollution
C. Air Pollution
D. Heat Pollution
Ans. D. Heat Pollution

28. Manufacturing industries includes

A. Crop production
B. Fish production
C. Plantation
D. Sugar Production
Ans. D. Sugar Production

29. Manufacturing industries includes

A. Converting raw material into ready good
B. Transporting raw material
C. Producing raw material

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D. Procuring raw material
Ans. A. Converting raw material into ready good

30. Industrialisation and urbanization go hand in hand‘. Explain.

Ans. (i) Cities provide market and also provide services such as banking, insurances, transport, labour,consultants and
financial advice etc. to the industries.
(ii) Industrial workers need houses and other facilities. The provision of these facilities can convert asmall town into big
cities.

31. What is agglomeration economies?

Ans. Cities provide market and other facilities like banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants, andfinancial advice
etc. to the industry. Many industries tend to come together to make, use of the advantages offered by the urban
institutions. This is known as agglomeration economies.

32. Name three physical factors and three human factors that affect the location of industries.
Ans. Physical factors and three human factors that affect the location of industries are:
(i) Availability of raw materials (ii) Availability of power resources
(iii) Suitable climate (iv) Availability of water
Human factors that affect the location of industries are:
(i) Availability of labour (ii) Availability of market (iii) Government policies

33. What is the large scale and small scale industries? Give examples.
Ans. Those industries that employs large number of workers in each unit and having large production level are known as
large scale industries. e.g. cotton textile industry.
The industry that employs small number of workers in each unit and having small production level is known as small
scale industry. e.g. readymade garment industries.

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 6 – Manufacturing Industries

3 Mark Questions
1. Which factors are responsible for the decentralization of cotton textile mills in India?
Ans. (i) Cotton textile have a very high demand throughout the country.
(ii) Major inputs like banking, electricity, transportation are available in almost every part of the country.
(iii) Textile industry is labour intensive industry and labour is easily available in India.
(iv) Textile industry requires less technological inputs and can be carried out using simple tools andmachines.

2. Cotton textile industry has close links with agriculture. Explain.

Ans. (i) The industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton bull pluckers and workers
engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing.
(ii) Agriculture provides raw material to the industry i.e. raw cotton.

3. What are the major problems of cotton textile industry?

Ans. : (i) Lack of good quality long staple cotton (ii) Erratic power supply
(iii) Out dated machinery and technology (iv) Low output of workers (v) Stiff international competition.

4. What were the major objectives of National Jute Policy 2005? Why is the internal demand for juteincreasing?
Ans. (i) To increase the productivity (ii) To improve the quality
(iii) Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers (iv) Enhancing the yield per hectare
The internal demand for jute has been on the increase because –
(i) Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging

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(ii) The growing global concern for environment friendly biodegradable materials.

5. India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world yet , we are not able to perform to our full
potential. Give any four reasons.
Ans. (i) High Costs and Limited availability of coking coal.
(ii) Lower productivity of labour (iii) Shortage of power (iv) Poor infrastructure.
(v) Low Investment in Research and Development.

6. Why is iron and steel industry called a basic industry?

Ans. Iron and steel industry is called the basic industry because:
(i) It is the industry which lays the foundation of rapid development of other industries such as heavy Engineering,
defence equipment, automobiles, aeroplanes etc.
(ii) It is also helpful in providing employment.
(iii) It also helps in the development of agriculture.

7. What is importance of the manufacturing industries?

Ans. 1. Employment generation: Manufacturing industry is the main source of employment for large number of skilled as
well as unskilled workers.
2. Foreign exchange: Export of manufactured goods bring foreign exchange to India.
3. Reduction of pressure on land: Manufacturing industry produces products of daily needs and helps the common
people to fulfill their basic needs. It reduces pressure on agricultural sector for employment.
4. Removal of economic problems: Industrial development is a precondition for the removal ofeconomic problems like
poverty, unemployment and economic inequality. It also helps in bringing down regional disparities by establishing
industries in tribal and backward areas.

8. What is the importance of Jute Industry?

Ans. : 1. Employment- The jute industry supports 2 61 Lakh workers directly another 40 lakh small and marginal farmers
who are engaged in cultivation of jute and Mesta.
2. Products: Jute industry provides products of daily use like jute bags, ropes, mats etc.
3. Foreign Exchange: Exports of raw jute and manufactured goods bring foreign exchange
4. Promotion of Small Scale Industry: Many products of the jute industry are manufactured by cottage and small scale
industry. So it promotes decentralization of industry.

9. The sugar industry is now shifting from north to south. Mention main reasons.
Ans. North India is regarded as the main centre of the sugar industry and Uttar Pradesh is the leading producer.
Over the time the sugar industry is shifting towards south India. The main reasons behind shifting of the sugar industry
towards south India are:
(i) The sugar contents in the cane is higher i.e. 10.5% in Maharashtra and other southern states.
(ii) Climate is suitable for the cultivation of sugarcane.
(iii) South has better export facilities as compared to North.
(iv) Cooperative sugar mills are more successful in management in south India.
(v) The Peninsular climate helps to extend the crushing season by two months in the south India than north India.

10. How would you classify industries on the bases of their main role?
Ans. Industries can be classified under the following categories on the basis of their main role:
1. Basic and Key Industries: Basic and key industries which supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other
products. Example: Iron and steel industry, copper smelting and aluminum smelting.
2. Consumer Industries: Consumer Industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers. Example: Sugar,
Toothpaste, paper, sewing machines and fans etc.

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11. What are the impacts of mining on the health of the miners and the environment?
Ans. 1. Mining causes air pollution. The dust and noxious fumes inhaled by miners make them vulnerable to pulmonary
diseases.
2. The risk of collapsing mine roofs, inundation and fires in coalmines are a constant threat to miners.
3. The water sources in the region get contaminated due to mining. Dumping of waste and slurry leads to degradation of
land, soil, and increase in stream and river pollution.

12. Why has there been a decline in the Jute Industry? Give three reasons.
Ans. 1. Because of high cost Jute products the demand has greatly declined.
2. The invention of synthetic as a substitute for jute has greatly led to the decline of the jute industry.
3. International competition especially from Bangladesh has also led to decline of the Jute industry.

13. Can you write brief outline about the position of Indian cotton industry at international level?
Ans. 1. India has the second largest installed capacity of spindles in the world, next to china at around 34 million.
2. We have a large share in the world trade of cotton yarn, accounting for one fourth of total trade.
3. Our trade in garments is only 4% of the world’s total.
4. Our spinning mills are competitive at global level and capable of using all the fiber products.

14. How would you classify industries on the bases of raw materials used?
Ans. 1. Agro based industries: Industries which get its raw material from agriculture are known as Agro based industries.
Cotton, woolen, jute, silk textile, rubber and sugar, tea, coffee and edible oil are examples of agro based industries.
2.Mineral based Industries: Industries which are dependent on minerals for their industrial use are known as mineral
based industries. Iron and steel industries, cement industries, aluminium, machine tools, petrochemicals are examples
of Mineral based industries.

15. A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
1. Silk Textile centre
2. Iron and steel Plant
B. Locate and Label Coimbatore cotton textile centre with appropriate symbols on the same map given for
identification.

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Ans.

16. Highlights the features of National jute policy of India.

Ans. 1. National Jute Policy of India was formed in the year 2005 by the central Government of India.
2. Government made a policy to mandatory use of Jute packaging.
3. According to policy the production of the Ute will be increased.
4. Quality of Jute products will also be improved.
5. Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare.

17. What is the precondition for the eradication of unemployment and poverty of our country?
Ans. 1. Industrial development is a precondition for the eradication of unemployment and poverty of our country.
2. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India.
3. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in rural areas.

18. Why is it important for our country to keep the mill sector loom age lower than the power loom and handloom?
Ans. There are several thousand factories which have five to ten looms. 90 percent of the cotton cloth is produced in
decentralized sector other than mills. It provide employment to thousands weavers all over the country. Cotton and
other related facilities are available everywhere in the country. So to save the small scale and cottage cotton industry it
is necessary to keep the mill sector loom age lower than power loom and handloom. It is necessary for the survival for
the thousand weavers of our country. It gives them employment and earning.

19. Why is it important for India to improve weaving sector instead of exporting yarn in large quantities?
Ans. The weaving, knitting and processing units cannot use much high quality yarn that is produced in the country. There
are some large and modern factories in these segments, but most of the production is in fragmented small units, which
cater to local market. This mismatch is a major drawback for the industry. As a result, many of our spinners export
cotton yarn while apparel/garment manufactures have to import fabric. Our high quality yarn is used by other countries.
It is important to improve weaving sector because it is decentralized to provide scope for incorporating traditional skills.
That’s why weaving sector should be improved so that it may use high quality yarn produced in the country.

20. Why has there been a decline in the jute Industry? Give reasons.
Ans. From last few years there has been a decline in the Jute industry. It has to face the following challenges:
1. The invention synthetic as a substitute for jute has greatly led to the decline of the jute industry.
2. Because of high cost, demand of jute has greatly declined.

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International competition especially from Bangladesh has also led to the decline of the jute industry.

21.A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
1. Iron and Steel Plant
2. Iron and steel Plant
B. Locate and Label Kanpur woolen textile with appropriate symbols on the same map given for identification.

Ans.

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22.What are the three problems being faced by the Indian cotton industry?
Ans. 1. We had made a significant increase in the production of good quality ling staple cotton; the need to imports is
still felt.
2. Power supply is erratic and machinery needs to be upgraded in the weaving and processing sectors in particular.
3. Other problems are the low output of labour and stiff competition with the synthetic fiber industry.

23. Which factors are responsible for shifting of sugar mills to southern and western states?
Ans. Recently sugar mills have migrated to the southern and western states of India especially Maharashtra. The reasons
for the shift are-
1. The cooler climate in those states which lengthens the crushing season.
2. Increase in the sucrose contents of the cane.
3. Another factor is the success of co-operatives of these western and southern states of India.

24. Why does the north eastern part of the peninsular plateau region have the maximum concentration of iron and
steel industries?
Ans. 1. Due to the area is rich in raw material.
2. Transport facilities are available.
3. Port facilities are available close to this are.
4. Labour from Bihar and UP states is also available.

25. Write any important characteristics of Indian Engineering Industry.

Ans. 1. Before independence there was no engineering industry worth the name , so we were quite deficient is all sorts
of machinery.
2. But after independence the whole situation has changed. We now manufacture engineering machinery for textile,
sugar, paper, cement, mining and petro-chemical plants.
3. The heavy engineering plant at Ranchi has been designing and fabricating huge machines for our steel plants.
4. A large variety of engineering goods are being produced now not only for domestic use but also for international
market.

26. Write some facts about the Indian fertilizer industry.

Ans. Following are the facts of the Indian fertilizer industry:
1. Nitrogenous fertilizers-especially urea. India is the third largest producer of nitrogenous fertilizers.
2. Phosphoric fertilizers and ammonium phosphate (DAP).
3. Complex fertilizers-this has a combination of nitrogen, phosphate and potash. India has no reserves of potash or
potassium compounds which can be commercially utilized.

27. A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
1. Iron and steel Plant
2. Iron and steel Plant

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B. Locate and Label Ludhiana cotton textile with appropriate symbols on the same map given for identification.

Ans.

28. Write some facts of the Indian Chemical industry.

Ans. Following are the facts
1. 24.45% of the total export (chemical and allied products).

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2. Contributes approximately 3 percent of the GDP.
3. 10%-12% growth per annum.
4. 2% of global chemical industry.
5. Third largest in Asia in terms of size.
6. 12nd place in the world in terms of size.
7. 2nd largest producer of agrochemical in Asia.
8. 29.39 percent of imports comprises of inorganic chemicals.

29. Explain the role of NTPC in paving the way to control environment degradation.
Ans. 1. Maximum use of latest and efficient equipments and adoption of techniques which encourage sustainable
development.
2. Use of ash, pond management ash water recycling system and liquid waste management. These techniques reduce
environment pollution.
3. Maximum ash utilization which minimize the generation of waste.
4. Nurturing of ecological balance by maintain green belts and aforestation.

30. Mention the factors responsible for location of cotton textile industry in Maharashtra-Gujarat region in early
years?
Ans. In the initial phase cotton textile industry was concentrated in Maharashtra and Gujarat in and around the cotton
growing belt. The factors responsible for localization of cotton textile industry in these regions mainly around Mumbai
and Ahmadabad were availability of raw cotton, market for finished products, developed transport network, port
facilities, cheap labour, moist climate and capital.

31. How would you classify industry on the bases of ownership?

Ans. 1. Public sector: Owned and operated by government agencies, e.g., BHEL, SAIL.
2. Private Sector: Owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals, e.g., Bajaj Auto Ltd., Dabur Industries,
TISCO
3. Joint Sector: Run jointly by the Government and Individual or group of individuals, e.g. Oil India Ltd. (OIL)
4. Cooperative Sector: Owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw material, workers or both. Resources
are pooled and profits and losses are shared, e.g. Amul India, coir industries in Kerala, Sugar industries in Maharashtra.

32. “The textile industry of India is self reliant and complete in Value” Explain the contribution of textile industry to
the Indian economy.
Ans. 1. Textile industry contributes almost 14% to industrial production.
2. It generates employment for almost 35 million people directly.
3. It also contributes 24.6 percent of the foreign exchange earnings.
4. Its contribution toward GDP is 4 percent.

33.A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
1. Software Technology park
2. Electronic capital of India
B. Locate and Label Software technology park of Kerala with appropriate symbols on the same map given for
identification

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Ans.

34. Briefly describe any four measures of controlling industrial pollution.

Ans. 1. Air pollution: This is caused due to presence of high proportion of gases which are undesirable, e.g., Sulphur
dioxide and carbon monoxide.
2. Water pollution: Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial waste and effluents discharged in to
rivers.

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3. Noise pollution: Not only results irritation and anger, it can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and
blood pressure among other psychological effects.
4. Thermal pollution: Thermal Pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained in
to river and ponds before cooling.

35. How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced? Give some suggestions.
Ans. 1. Minimizing use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
2. Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
3. Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be
done in three phases.

36. Study the given table carefully and answer the following questions: Gg10
A. Name the sector which has the highest share in the production of fabric in India?
B.Why it is important for our country the mill sector loomage lower than power loom and hand loom?
Ans. A. Power loom
B. (a) Because the power loom and the hand loom can provide more employment to the rural people. (b) Both of them
promote decentralization and benefit a wider area of the country. (c) Both of them require less investment as compared
to mill-sector loomage.

37. Explain any three factors responsible for the concentration of Jute Industry in the Hugli basin?
Ans. 1. The fertile Ganga Brahmaputra delta grows about 90% 0f India‘s Jute and provide raw material to jute mills. Most
of the mills are within a distance of 64 km from Kolkata along the Hugli River.
2. Cheap water transportation is provided by the Hugli river water.
3. There is a narrow belt of jute mills which is 100 km long and 3 km wide along the banks of Hugli River.

38. Bring out the importance of information Technology and Electronic in India?
Ans. 1. Electronic industry produces a wide range of goods like televisions, telephone, radars, computers etc.
2. It has provided employment to more than one million people. This number is expected to increase eight-fold in the
next 3 to four years.
3. It has contributed to a lot of foreign exchange in the last few years.
4. Bangalore has emerged as the electronic capital of India.
5. 18 software technology parks provide single window service and high data communication facility to software
experts.

39. A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
1. Software technology park
2. Iron and steel Plant
B. Locate and Label Ahmadabad cotton textile Centre with appropriate symbols on the same map given for
identification

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Ans.

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 6 – Manufacturing Industries

5 Mark Questions
1. Why are industries located in or near the cities? What were its results in preindependence period?
Ans. 1. As an industrial activity starts, urbanization follows.
2. Industries need different types of services such as banking, transport, insurance labour, hotels and educational

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institute.
3. Such types of services are available in cities only.
4. Cites are markets for many finished industrial products.
5. Many industries leads to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centers known as
agglomeration economies.
In the pre independence period, most manufacturing units were located in places from point o view of overseas trade
such as Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, etc. Consequently, there emerged certain pockets of industrially developed urban
centers surrounded by a huge agricultural rural hinterland.

2. Analyze the advantages of the decentralization of industries in India.

Ans. Decentralization of industries reduces the regional disparities of development. Citizens of a nation living in different
parts of a country should get the equal opportunities of development.
1. Decentralization of industries solves the problem of unemployment. People are able to get employment.
2. Decentralization of industries assures an uninterrupted flow of goods and services in the market.
3. Decentralization solves the problem of centralization of population. Due to industrialization some cities are densely
populated, but due to decentralization of industries the problems of over crowded cities that are solved. It makes
people to get work at their homelands.
4. Decentralization of industries is helpful for the fair use of resources of underdeveloped areas.

3. How will you elaborate the importance of manufacturing? Explain.

Ans. 1. Manufacturing industry not only help in modernizing agriculture , which forms the backbone of our economy,
they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and
tertiary sector.
2. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from the country. This was the
main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India.
3. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
4. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous.

4. Explain the different stages in the process of manufacturing of steel.

Ans. 1. Iron Ore: Transport of raw material to plant.
2. Blast Furnace: Iron ore is melted. Lime stone is fluxing material which is added. Slag is removed. Coke is burnt to heat
the ore.
3. Pig Iron: Molten materials poured into moulds called pigs.
4. Shaping Metal: Rolling, pressing, casting and forging.
5. Steel making: Pig iron is further purified by melting and oxidizing the impurities. Manganese, nickel, chromium are
added.

5. How is Integrated Steel Plants different from Mini steel plants? What problems doesthis industry face?
Ans. Difference between Integrated Steel plants and Mini steel plants:
1. The Integrated Steel plants are larger in size as compared to the Mini steel plants.
2. The Integrated Steel plants handles everything in one single complex-from putting together raw material to steel
making, rolling and shaping while the Mini steel plants use steel scrap, sponge iron and sometimes steel ingots supplied
by Integrated steel plants.
3. Integrated steel plants manufacture all types of steel but mini steel plants only produce mild and alloy steel of given
specification.
Problems faced by the steel Industry:
1. It has to face the tough competition of different steel producing countries especially China.
2. It faces high costs and limited supply of coking coal and irregular supply of electricity.
3. Poor infrastructure.
4. Lower productivity of labour.

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6. What ideas justify that agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other?
Ans. 1. Agriculture and industry move hand and hand.
2. The agro industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
3. They depend on the latter for raw materials and sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilizers, insecticides,
pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools etc. to the farmers.
4. Thus development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only assisted agriculture in increasing their
production but also made the production processes very efficient.
5. Industrial labour and employers are dependent on agriculture for the food and other products.

7. Why are cotton and textile Industry spread all over the India? Explain five reasonswith suitable examples.
Ans. 1. The textile industry is the oldest industry in India. It spread over both the rural and urban areas all over the
country during colonial rule.
2. Now a day, in rural areas the hand loom industry is doing its work while in urban areas the textile mills and factories
work day and night.
3. Wide market and the availability of raw material, transport, banking and electricity facilities in almost all parts of the
country have led to decentralization of cotton mills in different parts of the country.
4. Weaving is highly decentralized to provide scope for incorporating traditional skills and designs of weaving in cotton,
silk, zari, embroidery etc.
5. Textile Industry is a labour intensive industry so a large number of people are required in different stages of its
working such as weeding, spinning, dyeing, weaving, designing, printing and packing. As labour is easily and cheaply
available in all parts of the country so textile mills spread all over India.

8.Study the picture given below and answer the following questions;

A. Name the metal which is produces?

B. Name the raw material used?
C. How much electricity is required to molten one ton of ore?
D. What is Cryolite?
E. Write any one uses of Aluminium.
Ans. A. Aluminium.
B. Bauxite
C. 18600 kwh
D. A molten metal acts as an electrolyte.
E. It is used to manufacture aircraft, utensils and wires

9. What is the contribution of industry to national economy in India? Compare it withthe East Asian Countries. What
is the desired growth and present position of industry inGDP?
Ans. 1. The contribution of industry to national economy has not been satisfactory for the last two decades. It has
stagnated at 17 percent for mining quarrying, electricity and gas.
2. In comparison to India’s 17 percent share in GDP, the East Asian countries have contributed 25 to 35 per cent to their
GDP.
3. The desired growth over the next decade is 12 percent.

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4. At present growth rate is about 9 to 10 percent and it is expected that we can achieve the growth rate of 12 per cent
by some efforts like setting up of the National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC).

10. What facts interpret that cotton and textile industry of India occupies a uniqueposition?
Ans. India shares one fourth in the world trade of cotton yarn.
1. India shares four percent in garments.
2. Spinning mills are competitive at the global level and capable of using all the fibers produced in India.
3. It contributes 14 percent to total industrial production.
4. It generates employment for 35 million persons.
5. It earns foreign exchange which is 24.6 percent of total earning.
6. It contributes four percent in the GDP of country

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 7 – Life Lines of National Economy

1 Mark Questions
1. When and where the first train was travelled?
Ans. 1853, Mumbai to Thane

2. Which is the longest National Highway of India?

Ans. NH7, Varanasi to Kanniyakumari

3. Name the roads which help military.

Ans. Boarder Roads

4. Name the Inland Riverine Port of India.

Ans. Kolkata

5. Name the deepest and land locked port of India.

Ans. Vishakhapatnam

6. What is the density of roads in Jammu and Kashmir?

Ans. 10km

7. Which port caters to the need for export of Iron ore from Kudermukh mines?
Ans. New Mangalore

8. In which states special provision have been made to extend air services to common people?
Ans. North-eastern states

9. Where is the head quarter of the southern Railway Zone?

Ans. Chennai

10. How much is the length of coastline of India?

Ans. 7516.6 km

11. Name the language in which the largest numbers of newspapers are published in India?
Ans. Hindi

12. Which is first port to be developed just after independence?

Ans. Kandla Port

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13. What is India’s position among the best tourist destinations of the world?
Ans. Forth

14. Name any two airlines that provide domestic air services.
Ans. Indian Airlines and Alliance Air

15. Name the oldest artificial port and second most important port of the country?
Ans. Chennai port

16. Which mean of transportation carried 95 percent of India’s trade volume?

Ans. Water ways

17. Which mean of transport is a new arrival on the map of India?

Ans. Pipeline

18. Which is the longest National Highway of India?

Ans. National Highway-1

19. Name the extreme cities which are connected by East-west Corridors?
Ans. Silcher( Assam) and Porbander (Gujarat).

20. Which department is responsible for the construction and maintenance of the District Roads?
Ans. Zila Parishad

21. Six Lane Highways are called

(i) National Highway
(ii) International Highway
(iii) State Highway
(iv) Golden quadrilateral super highways
Ans. (iv) Golden quadrilateral super highways

22. Golden quadrilateral super highways are maintained by

(i) Zila Parishad
(ii) PWD
(iii) CPWD
(iv) NHAI
Ans. iv) NHAI

23. Villages are connected to a major town through this scheme of roads
(i) MNREGA
(ii) PMGSY
(iii) SJGRY
(iv) AAY
Ans. (ii) PMGSY

24. Border Roads are constructed by

(i) CRPF
(ii) BSF

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(iii) Indian Army
(iv) BRO
Ans. (iv) BRO

25. Provides door-to-door connectivity

(i) Airways
(ii) Roadways
(iii) Railways
(iv) Waterways
Ans. ii) Roadways

26. Bulk carrier across nations

(i) Airways
(ii) Roadways
(iii) Railways
(iv) Waterways
Ans. (iv) Waterways

27. Bulk carrier within India

(i) Airways
(ii) Roadways
(iii) Railways
(iv) Waterways
Ans. (iii) Railways

28. Principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India

(i) Airways
(ii) Roadways
(iii) Railways
(iv) Waterways
Ans. (iii) Railways

29. Width of two tracks of Broad Gauge is

(i) 1.676 m
(ii) 1.000 m
(iii) 0.762 m
(iv) 0.610 m
Ans. i) 1.676 m

30. Natural harbour in India

(i) Hooghly
(ii) Paradip
(iii) Chennai
(iv) Mumbai
Ans. (iv) Mumbai

31. Biggest natural port in India

(i) Chennai
(ii) Tuticorin

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(iii) Marmagao
(iv) Mumbai
Ans. iv) Mumbai

32. Largest producer of feature film in the world

(i) Britain
(ii) USA
(iii) France
(iv) India
Ans. (iv) India

33. AIR stands for

(i) All India Radio
(ii) Indian Airlines
(iii) Indian Railways
(iv) None of these
Ans. (i) All India Radio

34. Terminal stations of East-West corridor

(i) Mumbai and Nagpur
(ii) Nagpur and Siligudi
(iii) Mumbai and Kolkata
(iv) Silcher and Porbandar
Ans. iv) Silcher and Porbandar

35. Which mode of transportation reduces trans-shipment losses and delays?

(i) Railways
(ii) Pipeline
(iii) Roadways
(iv) Waterways
Ans. (ii) Pipeline

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 7 – Life Lines of National Economy

3 Mark Questions
1. What is international trade?What do you mean by Balance of trade‘?What is the importance of trade?
Ans. Trade between two countries is called international trade. It includes exchange of commodities, services,
information and knowledge.
Relation or difference between nation‘s exports and imports is called balance of trade. It is of two types:
(i) Surplus trade: when the value of exported goods and services is more than the value of imported goods and services.
It is called favorable trade balance.
(ii) Trade Deficit: when the value of exported goods and services is less than the value of imported goods and services. It
is called unfavorable trade balance.
The importance of trade is:
1. No country can survive without international trade because resources are space bound.
2. Advancement of international trade of a country leads to its economic prosperity because such a trade providesso
many jobs to workers as well as business to traders.
3. It is through international trade that we earn much of our foreign exchange which is required for importing many
essential goods.
4. Foreign trade helps in transfer of technology.

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2. Mention the different means of transport in India.
Ans. Means of transport in India are:-
(i) Roadways, (ii) Waterways, (iii) Airways, (iv) Pipelines, (v) Railways.

3. What are the means of mass communication? Explain features of any two media.
Ans. These are those means of communication through which one can communicate with several people at the same
time. For example- Radio, newspaper and T.V.(Television):-
(i) It is one of the largest and essential networks in the world.
(ii) It provides entertainment and keeps the viewers well informed about the world.
Radio:-(i) It is the cheapest and the most effective means of communication.
(ii) Besides entertainment, it also provides information and promotes social education.

4. What are the different types of roads in India?

Ans. There are six types of roads:-
1. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways or Expressway National Highways
2. National Highways
3. State Highways
4. District Roads
5. Other Roads or Rural Roads or Village Roads
6. Border Roads

5. What do you mean by pipeline transport?

Ans. Transportation of liquid, gases or slurries through pipes made of durable metal or a plastic tube is called pipeline
transport. It is the most convenient mode of transport for crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas even solids like
iron ore in slurry form to refineries, fertilizer factories, industries and big thermal power plants.
For example:. From oil field in From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab, via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonipat.
It has branches to connect Koyali (near Vadodara, Gujarat) Chakshu and other places.
Gas pipeline from Hazira in Gujarat connects Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh, via Vijaipur in Madhya Pradesh. It has
branches to Kota in Rajasthan, Shahajahanpur, Babrala and other places in Uttar Pradesh (HVJ).

6. Rich agriculture resources and Great Industrial activities in the Great Plains ascompared with Himalayan
Mountains, further provides favourable conditions for thedevelopment of Railway
Ans. The northern plains with their vast level land, high population density and rich agriculture resource provide the
most favorable conditions for their growth. Level land provides the favourable condition for the construction of railway
tracks. Due to dense population, people prefer railways for journey. It brings huge capital for the railway department.
Railways in plain are very helpful for the development and industries.
The Himalayan region like Jammu and Kashmir, Assam, Uttaranchal and other hilly states too are unfavorable for the
construction of railway lines due to high relief, less density of population and lack of economic opportunities.

7. India has one of the largest telecom networks in Asia. Explain?

Ans. India has one of the largest telecom networks in Asia. Excluding urban places more than two thirds of the villages in
India have already been covered with subscriber Trunk Dialing telephone facility. By the end of 2004-2005, India was the
10th largest telecom network in the world measured in terms of number of phones. Our Government has made the
special provision to extend twenty-four hour STD facility to every village in the country. There is uniform rate of STD
facility all over India. In India more than 45 million cellular subscribers and cellular customer care bases are growing at
very fast rate.

8. Explain the important pipeline networks in India.

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Ans. 1. From Oil field in upper Assam to Kanpur, via Guwati, Barauni and Allahabaad. It has branches Baruni to Haldia via
Rajbabdh, Rajbabdh to Maurigram and Guwati to Silguri.
2. From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab, via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonipat. It has branches to connect
Koyali (near Vadodra, Gujarat) Chakshu and other places.
3. Gas pipeline fron Hazira in Gujarat connects Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh, via Vijaypur in Madhya Pradesh. It has
branches to Kota in Rajasthan, Shahajahanpur, Babrala and other places in Uttar Paradesh.

9. What is the work of NHAI, CPWD and SPWD? Explain.

Ans. 1. NHAI: National Highway Authority of India laid and maintained the major roads of India like Golden Quadrilateral
and Super Highways.
2. CPWD: Central Public Works Department laid and maintained the primary road system of India like National
Highways.
3. SPWD: State Public Works Department laid and maintained the state highways of Indian states and Union Territories.

10. Describe the main features of the Indian postal network.

Ans. 1. Indian postal network is the largest network of the in the world.
2. There are two types of mail-First class mail and Second class mail.
3. First class mail includes cards and envelop.
4. Second class mail includes book packets, registered newspapers and periodicals.
5. For quick delivery of mails, six channels have been introduced. These are Rajdhani, Channels, Metro Channel, Green
Channel, Business Channel, Bulk Mail Channel and Periodical channel.

11. A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify thesefeatures with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on thelines marked on the map.
1. Tidal port
2. Deepest land locked port
B. Locate and Label Tuticorin Port with appropriate symbols on the same map given foridentification

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Ans.

12. What are the significances of National Highways?

Ans. Significance of National Highways:
1. These highways connect one state with another and are of national importance.
2. These highways link extreme parts of the country.
3. These national highways constitute 2% of the total road networks but carry 40% of the total road traffic.
4. These roads connect long distances and some even pass through congested cities.

13. What are the significances of the ports of India’s economy?

Ans. 1. Most of India’s trade with foreign countries is carried from the ports located along the coast.
2. This account for 95% of the country’s trade volume (68% in terms of value) being carried through sea.
3. Kandla port, Mumbai port, Vishakhapatnam port, Chennai port are the major ports of our countries.

14. Describe the advantages of Waterways?

Ans. 1. Water ways are the cheapest means of transport.
2. It is the best means of transport to carry bulky and heavy goods at lower costs.
3. It is fuel efficient as well as environment friendly.
4. All perennial rivers can be used almost throughout the year.

15. Mention the merits and demerits of airways.

Ans. Merits:
1. Airways provide the fastest means of transport.
2. It is also the most comfortable and prestigious mode of transportation.
3. For inaccessible, remote and hostile areas airways are the best means of transport.
4. During Natural and manmade disasters airways have played a vital role.
5. This mean of transport is good for transporting perishable goods.
Demerits:
1. This is costliest ones.

16. Explain the different categories of Mail.

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Ans. Mails are of two types (A) First class mail (B) Second Class mail
A. First class Mail: This includes cards, envelops etc. These are air lifted between stations. These mails cover both land
and connected by air.
B. Second class Mails: These mails include book packets, registered newspapers, periodicals etc. These are carried by
surface mail, covering land and water.

17. A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
1. Biggest Port of India.
2. Oldest artificial Port
B. Locate and Label International Airport Amritsar with appropriate symbols on thesame map given for identification.

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Ans.

18. Name the regions where it was difficult to lay railway tracks. And why?
Ans. 1. Large rivers in Northern Plains require construction of bridges across their wide beds posed some obstacle.
2. It’s difficult to laid railway tracks in the hilly terrains of the peninsular region through low hills, gaps or tunnels.
3. Himalayas region is also unfavorable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack
of economic opportunities.

19. Explain the dimensions and length of different types of Railway Gauges.
Ans. Following are different dimensions and length of railway gauges:
Total Track
Gauges in meters Route(km) Running track(km)
(km)

Broad Gauge(1,676) 46,807 66,754 88,547

Metro Guege(1.000) 13,209 13,976 16,489

Narrow Gauge(0.762 &0.610) 3,124 3,129 3,450

Total 63,221 83,859 1,08,486

20. Classify roads on the basis of material used for construction?

Ans. Classification of roads on the basis of type of material used for their construction such as Metalled roads and
Unmetalled roads:
1. Metalled roads may be made of cement, concrete or even bitumen of coal. These are pakka roads and all weather
roads. These roads are broad and smooth and are all weather roads.
2. Unmetalled Roads go out of use in the rainy season. Roads are narrow and uneven and get damaged during rainy
season. These roads are common in rural areas.

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21. What are the problems faced by roads in India?
Ans. 1. Inadequate road network to meet the needs of the people.
2. About half of the roads are unmettaled and this limits their usage during rainy seasons.
3. The national highways are inadequate too.
4. Moreover the roadways are highly congested in cities and most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.

22. What is meant by trade? What is the difference between international trade and localtrade?
Ans. Trade: The exchange of goods among people states and countries is referred to trade. Market is the place where
such exchange takes place.
1. International Trade: Trade between two countries is called international trade. It may take place through sea, air and
land routes. Advancement in international trade of a country is an index to its economic prosperity. It is therefore
considered the economic barometer for the country.
2. National Trade: While national trade or local trade is carried in cities, towns and villages, state level trade is carried
between two or more states.

23. A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify thesefeatures with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on thelines marked on the map.
1. Northern most tip of NH-7
2. Extreme South-West Port
B. Locate and Label Kolkata inland Riverine port with appropriate symbols on the samemap given for identification

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Ans.

24. Describe factors of Indian Tourism as a trade.

Ans. 1. The arrival of foreign tourists has increased in our country over the year.
2. It contributes 21,828 crore as foreign exchange.
3. Tourism promotes national integration and international understanding.
4. More than 15 million people are directly engaged in tourism industry.
5. Tourism helps in the development of Indian handicrafts and cultural pursuits.

25. Mention any three features of Kandla Port.

Ans. 1. Kandla in Kuchchh was the first port developed soon after independence to ease the volume of trade on Mumbai
port, in the wake loss of Karachi port to Pakistan after the partition.
2. It caters to the convenient handling of exports and imports of highly productive granary and industrial belt stretching
across the states of Jammu Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
3. This port is situated on the western side of India.

26. What is the meaning of road density? Describe the road density of Kerala and Jammuand Kashmir.
Ans. Density of road Density: The length of road per 100sq. km of area is known as density of roads.
Distribution of roads is not uniform in the country. Density of all roads varies from only 10 km in Jammu and Kashmir to
375 km in Kerala with the national average of the 75 km (1996-97).

27. Study the table given and answer the following questions that following:
National Highways Length (in Km) Terminal Stations

2 1465 Delhi-Kolkata

5 1533 Chennai-Jharpokhra (Odisha)

7 2369 Varanasi- Kanayakumari

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1 1526 Pathankot-Samakhiali(Kachchh)
1. Which is the longest national Highway of India?
2. Name the terminal stations of NH2 highway.
How far is Pathankot from Samakhiali from rout road?
Ans. 1. National Highway-7
2. Delhi-Kolkata
3. 1526 km

28. What is the importance of Railways is daily life?

Ans. 1. Railways are the principal mode of transportation for fright and passengers in India.
2. Railways also make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, and pilgrimage along with
transportation of goods over longer distances.
3. Apart from an important mean of transport the Indian Railways have been great integrating force more than 150
years.
4. Railways in India bind the economic life of the country as well as accelerate the development of the industry and
agriculture.

29. A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
1. Northern Most International Airport of India
2. Southern Most International Airport of India
B. Locate and Label Paradip Port with appropriate symbols on the same map given foridentification

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Ans.

30. Highlight the importance of radio and television as an effective means of masscommunication in India.
Ans. 1. Radio: Radio is an important electronic mean of mass communication. It is the most effective and cheapest mean
of communication. It provides information and also helps to promote the social education. With the introduction of FM
radio it becomes the first choice mean of mass communication among the people. All India Radio (Akashwani)
broadcasts a variety of programmes in national, regional and local languages for various categories of people.
2. Television: Television is also an important mean of mass communication. Doordarshan, the national television channel
of India, is one of the largest terrestrial networks of the world. Television provides better information and entertainment
because we can listen and see the information.

31.Name any three waterways which have been declared as National Waterways by theGovernment of India.
Ans. 1. The Ganga River between Allahabad and Haldia (1620)-N.M. No.1
2. The Brahamaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri ( 891)-N.W No.2
3. The west-Coast canals in Kerala ( Kottapurma-komman, Udyogamandal and Champakkara anals-205 km)-N.W.No3.

32. Name the biggest port with a spacious natural and well sheltered harbor in India. Andcan you distinguish between
harbour and port
Ans. Mumbai is the biggest port with a spacious natural and well sheltered harbor in India.The area where different
commercial activities like loading and unloading of cargo, storage of cargo and embarking of passengers- are carried on
is called port.Harbour is that stretch of deep water, whether natural or artificial, where ships are stationed and provided
protection from rough sea.

33. What is balance of trade? In which situation is it favorable and unfavorable?

Ans. Exports and imports are the components of trade. The balance of trade of a country is the difference between its
exports and imports.
1. When the value of exports exceeds the value of imports, it is called favorable balance of trade.
2. On the contrary, if the value of imports exceeds the value of exports, it is termed as unfavorable balance of trade.

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34. The Great Plains have more railways than the Himalayan Mountains. Why
Ans. 1. Level land of the Great Plains of India provides favourable conditions for the development of Railway.
High density of population in the Great Plains as compared with the Himalayan Mountains encouraged laying down of
more railway lines to meet the demand of passengers.

35.A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
1. Head quarter of Eastern Railway
2. Head quarter of Northern Railway
B. Locate and Label Mumbai Church gate Head quarter Western railway with appropriate symbols on the same map
given for identification

Ans.

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36. What do you mean by tourism?
Ans. Tourism comprises the activities of the people traveling to and staying in places outside theirusual environments
for more than one consecutive day for leisure, business and other purposes. Tourists visit other places for heritage
tourism, religious activities, eco tourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism and business tourism.

37. What are the advantages of transport?

Ans. 1. Facilitates easy and free movement of people from one place to another.
2. Helps to carry goods and materials from one place to another
3. Helps in production and distribution of goods.
4. Connect markets with the production centers.
5. Promotes easy accessibility of goods and services.
6. Helps in development of trade and commerce.
7. Helps to increase the volume of the Trade.

38. What are the chief import and export items in India?
Ans. Import Items:-
1. Agriculture and allied products (2.53 %),
2. Ores and minerals (9.12 %),
3. Gems and jewellery (26.75%)
4. Chemical and allied products (24.45%),
5. Engineering goods ( 35.63%) Petroleum products (86.12%)
Export Items:-
1. Petroleum and petroleum products (41.87%)
2. Pearls and precious stones (29.26%)
3. Inorganic chemicals (29.39%),
4. Coal, coke and briquettes (94.17% )
5. Machinery (12.56%).

39. What are the problems faced by Indian roadways?

Ans. 1. Road network is inadequate for increasing volume of traffic.
2. About half of the roads are unmetalled.
3. The National Highways are inadequate and are poorly maintained.
4. The roadways are highly congested in cities and are lacking safety measures.
5. Most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.
6.Lack of proper security measures.

40. What are the features of railways in India?

Ans. 1. Very useful for carrying heavy and bulky goods and materials.
2. Comparatively cheaper than Roadways and Airways for long distances.
3. Gives employment to a large number of people.
4. The Indian Railways are the largest public undertaking run by the Central Government
5. The principal (Main) mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India.
6. Railways conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing and pilgrimage along with transportation of goods.
7. Acts as an Integrating force by bringing people close to each other.
8. Suitable for long distances and Provides comfort of a home

41. What are the Problems Faced by Indian Railways?

Ans. 1. Requires huge investment at the time of installation.
2. Maintenance and upkeep is very costly.
3. Construction is difficult and costly in uneven and high hills and deserts.

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4. Not suitable for transportation of perishable goods.
5. Ticket-less travelers.
6. Thefts and damaging of railway property.
7. Unnecessarily chain pulling to stop train.
8. conversions.
9. Sinking and slipping of tracks in rains.
10. Modernization and Electrification.

CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 7 – Life Lines of National Economy

5 Mark Questions
1. No countries can survive without international trade. Explain.
Ans. Yes, no countries in the world are self-sufficient in all its needs. Goods produced by one nation are required in the
other nation and vice versa. The difference in needs, resources requirements and development among nations create
conditions for international trade. International trade helps in exchange of surplus goods with those of deficit countries
through foreign trade. India has adopted the policy of Liberalization in 1991, because the economic development growth
rate was very slow and India lacks behind in the terms of technology. International trade helps India to improve
advanced technology of other countries to improve its own production process. Foreign trade has helped India to
improve its productivity of manufactured goods. International trade contributes to India’s economic growth and raised
the income level of people. It also increases the foreign exchange reserve.

2. “Railways are the principal mode of transportation in India” Explain.

Ans. 1. Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India.
2. Railways also make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, and pilgrimage along with
transportation of goods over longer distances.
3. Apart from an important means of transport the Indian Railway has been great integrating force for more than 150
years.
4. Railways in India bind the economic life of the country as well as accelerate the development of the industry and
agriculture.
5. The Indian Railways have a network of 7,031 stations spread over a rout length of 63,221 km. with a fleet of 7817
locomotives, 5321 passenger services vehicles, 4904 other coach vehicles and 228,170 wagons as on 31 March 2004.

3. How do physiographic and economic factors influence the distribution pattern of Indian railway network? Explain
with example.
Ans. 1. The level and extensive northern plains with high density of population, high density of population, high
industrial activity and rich agriculture, favour development of railways. However the wide rivers that flow here cannot
be crossed without bridges which become an additional cost for railways.
2. The high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities in the Himalayan region create unfavorable
conditions for laying the railway lines. Frequent landslides and rock fall are additional problem.
3. The peninsular regions with their hilly terrains also make it different to lay railway tracks. In such areas, railway tracks
have to be laid through low hills or gaps or tunnels.
4. The low flood plains of Assam and Bihar, where floods are common, have difficulty in maintaining railway lines.
5. Deserts of Rajasthan and the hilly tracks of the Sahayadris were unfavorable for development of railways.

4. Explain the major sea ports of India situated on Western coastline.

Ans. 1. Kandla Port: Kandla in Kuchchh was the first port developed soon after independence to ease the volume of
trade on Mumbai port in the wake of loss of Karachi port to Pakistan after the Partition. Kandla is a tidal port.
2. Mumbai Port: Mumbai is the biggest port with a spacious natural and well sheltered harbour.
3. Jawaharlal Nehru Port: Jawaharlal Nehru port was planned with a view to decongest the Mumbai port and serve as a
hub port for this region.

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4. Marmagao Port (Goa): It is the premier iron exporting port of the country. This port account for about fifty percent of
India’s iron ore export.
5. New Mangalore Port: New Mangalore port located in Karnataka caters to the export iron ore concentrates from
kudermukh mines.
6. Kochi Port: Kochi is the extreme south-western port, located at the entrance of a lagoon with a natural harbour.

5. Name any two navigational Rivers of India? In which part of India Inland Water ways are widely used? Write two
Merits and Demerits of Inland water Transport.
Ans. Ganga and Brahmaputra are two navigational Rivers of India.
Inland waterways are widely used in North-Eastern States of India.
Merits:
1. It is cheapest mean of transport.
2. It is very beneficial for our internal trade and carrying of passengers is concerned.
Demerits:
1. Such a mean of transport is very limited in scope.
2. Very few rivers and too for short distance are navigable

6. Efficient network of transport and communication is a pre-requisite for local, national and global trade of today?
Explain.
Ans. We use different materials and services in our daily life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings,
while other requirements are met by bringing things from other places. Goods and services do not move from supply
locales to demand locals on their own. The movement of these goods and services from their supply locations to
demand locations necessitates the need for transport. Some people engaged in facilitating these movements. These are
known to be traders who make the products come to the consumers by transportation. Thus, the place of development
of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Transport
promotes internal as well as international trade. It helps to maintain the defense of country, transport and
communication contributes to the promotion of tourism and it brings foreign exchange. Therefore efficient means of
transport are pre-requisites for fast development.

7. Explain the different reason for the growing importance of road transport vis-à-vis rail transport.
Ans. 1. Construction of roads is much lower than that of railway lines.
2. Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography.
3. Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains such as the Himalayas.
4. Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short
distances.
5. It also provides door to door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower.
6. Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes transport such as they provide a link between railway station,
air and sea ports.

8. Explain the features of any five western ports of India.

Ans. Tuticorin Port: Tuticorin in Tamil Nadu, located at the south eastern extremely of the country has a natural harbour
and a rich hinterland and handles cargoes to Sri Lanka and Maldives.
1. Chennai Port: Chennai is the one of the oldest ports of Tamil Nadu and has an artificial harbour. It ranks next to
Mumbai, in terms of volume of trade and cargo.
2. Vishakhapatnam Port: Vishakhapatnam is the deepest; land locked and protected port on the east coast.
3. Paradip Port: Pradip Port in Odisha, in mainly developed for export of iron Ore.
4. Kolkata Port: Kolkata, a major riverine port and a tidal port. It has a vast and rich hunter land of Ganga and
Brahmaputra basin.

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9. Which agency provides the air travel service in north-eastern and off shore areas of India? Explain why air transport
is proffered in north-eastern states of India.
Ans. Pawanhans Helicopter Ltd. Provide the air travel service in the north eastern areas of India. Because of the
following reasons the air transport is preferred in the North-Eastern states of India;
1. These states are mostly lies in the hilly areas and difficult terrains are there.
2. Dense forests are found in this region
3. Big rives and dissected relief is found in this area.
4. Heavy rain fall and frequent floods.
5. Due to all above written reasons it is very difficult to construct roads and lay railway lines. That’s why air transport is
preferred in the north-eastern states of India.

10. Highlight the importance of Pipeline transportation and Network.

Ans. 1. Pipelines are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer
factories and big thermal plants.
2. Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry.
3. The far inland locations of refineries like Barauni, Mathura, Panipat and gas based fertilizer plants could be thought of
only because pipeline.
4. Initial cost of lying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are minimal.
5. Pipelines can be laid anywhere in mountainous region, deserts, under sea and hilly area also.
6.It rules out trans-shipment losses and delay.
7. It is environment friendly mode of transportation.

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