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LENS Introduction To Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology is the study of how diseases disrupt normal body functioning. It combines knowledge from fields like physiology, anatomy, biochemistry and pathology to understand changes that occur at the cellular, tissue and organ levels when the body is ill. Pathophysiology investigates disease mechanisms, altered physiology, clinical manifestations and treatment approaches. It covers conditions from acute infections to chronic diseases. Disease results from disrupted homeostasis in organs or organ systems. Diagnosis identifies diseases through tests and screenings, then treatment plans with goals like palliation, cure, therapy or prevention are developed. Epidemiology studies disease impacts and burdens on populations to inform public health strategies.

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Zyrille Moira Madduma
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38 views

LENS Introduction To Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology is the study of how diseases disrupt normal body functioning. It combines knowledge from fields like physiology, anatomy, biochemistry and pathology to understand changes that occur at the cellular, tissue and organ levels when the body is ill. Pathophysiology investigates disease mechanisms, altered physiology, clinical manifestations and treatment approaches. It covers conditions from acute infections to chronic diseases. Disease results from disrupted homeostasis in organs or organ systems. Diagnosis identifies diseases through tests and screenings, then treatment plans with goals like palliation, cure, therapy or prevention are developed. Epidemiology studies disease impacts and burdens on populations to inform public health strategies.

Uploaded by

Zyrille Moira Madduma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1st Sem. 2023
BSMLS
LEARNING OUTCOME;
• 1.Define the disease and describe the relationship between disease and homeostasis.
• 2.Define predisposing factors of the disease and explain how specific predisposing factors affect
disease.
• 3.Differentiate between signs and symptoms of the disease and give an example of each.
• 4.Explain the function of pain and inflammation
• 5.Differentiate between signs and symptoms of a disease and give an example of each
• 6.Explain the function of pain and inflammation
• 7.Explain the two classifications of disease and the subcategories of each;
• 8.Summarize the four treatment plans;
• 9.Define epidemiology and explain how epidemiology affects health care.
WHAT IS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

• Pathophysiology is a branch of medical science that deals with the study of how
diseases or abnormal conditions affect the normal functioning of the body.
• It seeks to understand the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to the
development of diseases or health disorders.
• Pathophysiology combines knowledge from various fields such as physiology,
anatomy, biochemistry, and pathology to explore the changes that occur at the
cellular, tissue, and organ levels when the body is afflicted by illness.
KEY ASPECTS:

• Disease Mechanisms: Pathophysiology investigates the genetic, environmental, infectious, and behavioral
variables that contribute to diseases and disorders. It looks at how these variables affect how cells and organs
normally function.

• Altered Physiology: It investigates how the body's normal physiological processes are disrupted. This can
include changes in the structure and function of cells, tissues, and organs.

• Clinical Manifestations: Pathophysiology also examines the signs and symptoms of diseases and how they
connect to the underlying physiological changes. Understanding these symptoms aids in diagnosis and therapy.
• Treatment and Intervention: Knowledge of pathophysiology is crucial for healthcare professionals to develop
effective treatments and interventions. By understanding the underlying mechanisms of a disease, healthcare
providers can target these mechanisms to improve patient outcomes.
CON’T
• Research and Advancements: Pathophysiological research is essential for the
development of new therapies and medications. It provides insights into the targets for drug
development and helps in designing clinical trials.

• Teaching and Education: Pathophysiology is a fundamental subject in medical and


healthcare education. It provides students with the knowledge needed to understand disease
processes and apply that knowledge in clinical practice.

• Chronic and Acute Conditions: Pathophysiology covers a wide range of conditions, from
chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease to acute conditions like infections and
injuries.

• Pathophysiology is a critical field of study in medicine and healthcare, as it helps us


understand the underlying mechanisms of diseases and disorders, ultimately leading to
improved diagnosis, treatment, and patient care.
SO WHAT EXACTLY IS
A DISEASE?
…YOU CAN DEFINE THIS AS ABNORMALLY FUNCTIONING
ORGANS OR ORGAN SYSTEMS RESULTING FROM THE
DISRUPTION IN HOMEOSTASIS .
A. PREDISPOSING FACTORS: RISK FACTORS
• AGE =a person’s age can affect his/her overall health. Due to the gradual
effects of the aging process
• GENDER=which refers to the sex of an individual male or female. some
diseases affect only males or females due to the differences in anatomy
• LIFESTYLE =contribute to the disease include habits that have a negative
effect on a person's overall health
• ENVIRONMENT= researchers have shown that certain cancers and
pulmonary diseases are more prevalent in people who are exposed to
polluted air or water
• HEREDITY= The genetic material inherited from one's parents becomes
with links to certain diseases and pathological conditions
HOW DO YOU RECOGNIZE DISEASE?

•Signs = they can be measured


• Symptoms = These are signals relative to
the patient that indicate that something is
wrong but this can’t be measured.
2 IMPT. SIGNALS OF DISEASE
•A. pain = it’s a symptom including physical suffering or disease
due to an injury or illness
•B. inflammation =. is the body’s normal immune response to
injury or disease.
•4 indicators of inflammation
• Redness
• Heat
• Swelling
• pain
CLASSIFICATIONS OF DISEASE:
•Infectious diseases - caused by pathogens which are
disease-causing agents
• A. Communicable -infectious diseases that are contagious .
• B. Non Communicable -infectious diseases that are caused by
pathogens but not contagious.

•Non-infectious Diseases -are not caused by pathogens


•Not caused by pathogens
•NON Infectious disease : are not caused by pathogens and
can be classified as cancers, immune disorders, genetic
disorders, mental disorders, or conditions caused by
trauma or injury.
•1. Cancers - are a class of disease characterized by
uncontrollable cell growth and proliferation.
•2. Immune disorders – they result from the inability body’s
immune system to effectively protect and defend itself.
•3.Genetic disorders caused by changes in genetic material.
CON’T

► 4. Mental disorders = a class of condition of the


mind and include disorder associated with
behavior or psychological well-being
► 5. trauma/ injury = a wound or shock ( sudden
loss of BP) produced by an injury.
HOW IS A DISEASE DIAGNOSED?

•Diagnosis is the process of determining by


examining the nature and circumstances of a
disease condition.
•Diagnostic tools: Test & Screenings
•Biopsy
•Mammogram
•PapSmear etc.
TREATMENT OF THE DISEASE
ONCE A DIAGNOSIS IS ESTABLISHED A TREATMENT PLAN WITH
DIFFERENT GOALS CAN BE DEVELOPED.

•A. Palliative Care


•B. Curative Care
•C. Therapeutic Care
•D. Preventive Care
•Epidemiology = is the study of how the disease
affects the overall health and well being of a population.
•The incidence of disease = refers to the number of
new cases of a particular disease in the population.
•The prevalence of disease = refer to the total number
of cases of a disease in a population.
• When analyzing the potential impact of a disease on a certain
population, both prevalence and incidence must be taken into
account.
• By taking these aspects into account, public health
researchers and government officials may develop strategies
to cope with the existence of a disease within a population.
• Healthcare professionals can effectively educate their
patients if a connection can be drawn between the statistical
information related to the condition and the risk factors that
cause the sickness.
THANK YOU

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