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The Periodic Table

use it often

Elements and Symbols

The periodic table can often be presented with an
abundance of data about each and every element
listed. In it's simplest form (shown below), each entry
only has three pieces of information that you will need
to know. These three pieces of data are the elemental
symbol, the atomic number (typically given the
symbol, Z, and the atomic weight. *Note: If you click on
the table, you'll launch it into its own window/page on your
browser.

1A Periodic Table of the Elements 8A

1 18
1 2
H 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A He
1.008 2 13 14 15 16 17 4.00

Li *Be ""No
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
니 Be
6.94 9.01
B
10.81
C
12.01
N
14.01
O
16.00
F
19.00
Ne
20.18
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95

"Ca
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K
39.10
Ca
40.08
Sc
44.96
Ti
47.87
V
50.94
Cr
52.00
Mn
54.94
Fo
Fe
55.85
Co
58.93
Ni
58.69
Cu
63.55
Zn
65.38
Ga
69.72
Ge
72.64
As
74.92
Se
78.96
Br
79.90
Kr
83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.96 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 (209) (210) (222)
주해

87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
(223) (226) (227) (261) (262) (266) (264) (277) (268) (281) (281) (285) (286) (289) (289) (293) (293) (294)

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

Co
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu
Go
Gd Tb
B Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
2의

140.1 140.9 144.2 (145) 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0

"No “⽬
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.0 231.0 238.0 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262) © mccord

You want a lot more periodic tables to chose from?

Go HERE

The Big 3 for each Element

You need to make sure that you know what each of
these parts is and what it represents. The diagram
below illustrates the parts and their definitions.

symbol
26 the symbol that
atomic represents the element
number
equal to the number of
protons in the nucleus
Fe atomic
weight
55.85 the relative mass of the
naturally abundant element

R-E-L-A-T-I-V-E MASSES!
Hey you! LOOK again at any periodic table - including
the one above. Notice how the atomic weights have
no units after them. Maybe you're thinking... "Well, I
know the weights are in grams because that is how I
learned it in high school". Oof. Sure, you're not wrong.
BUT it would be much much better for you to realize
that those could be ANY unit of weight/mass you
choose and the whole table would still be correct.
Relative masses means that they are all corrected
relative to each other. You could think in pounds, or
kilograms, or ounces, or even tons, or heaven forbid...
short tons, long tons, drams, grains, or stones. Not to
mention the myriad of masses represented by all the
metric prefixes to prepend to "gram". You can work
chemistry mass problems in any mass you want and it
will still work because the masses are relative to each
other. All chemical ratios work just as well with
masses as they do with our oh so familiar moles.

So why DO we seem to concentrate on the "gram" as

our go to guy on the periodic table for atomic weights
and ultimately for molar masses and molecular
weights? Well the key here is the way we historically
defined the mole. Because of that old definition, we
were able to say that all those atomic weights are in
grams per mole of substance or abbreviated g/mol.
This helps tremendously when having to convert from
moles to mass as we often do in chemistry. Counting
by number is the molar amount, while measuring by
mass is the... well, mass amount (duh). Those atomic
weights are the number of grams you will need of that
element in order to have exactly 1 mole of that
element. It's a nice system.

In general, to work all types of stoichiometry

problems, we say to convert all masses to grams first.
Then, convert those grams in to moles and work the
problem in moles only. Then (if need be) convert your
answer in moles into grams. And finally, convert those
grams into any other unit needed that might be asked
for. Quite the rigorous path for "all" problems.

You could easily shorten that path. How? Well IF the

problem is stated in say pounds, and then wants the
answer in pounds... there is really no reason to convert
to grams first and then back out to pounds later. Just
work the problem in pounds - it will work. You'll only
have to go to grams IF the number of moles is asked
for. Knowing how numbers work and how ratios work
is KEY to understanding and working chemistry
stoichiometry problems. The periodic table is your
ultimate conversion chart for converting any
substance into another substance and doing so with
exact proper amounts (masses and moles).

Here's a nice Periodic Table and more pdf for you to

use for this class.

Periods and Groups

A row on the periodic table is called a period. There
are seven periods on the periodic table. You might
look and think "wait, I counted nine", and that would
be technically wrong because those bottom two rows
with elements 58-71, and 90-103 are actually from
rows (periods!) 6 and 7 from the main table above
them. Later, you will find out that those row numbers
will match perfectly with the principle quantum
number from atomic theory. The periodic table has
all sorts of cool information just based on its layout.

A column on the periodic table is known as a group or

family. The groups are actually numbered up at the
top of the table. They go from 1 to 18 which is the
more internationally known numbering system and
the official one according to IUPAC. But there is often
another set of numbers which are split into the "A"
and "B" groups. This is the older American system of
numbering and there are 1-8 for each group of A and
B. The "A" elements are also known as the
representative elements (1A-8A) and correspond to
groups 1, 2, 13-18 on the IUPAC numbering. Those
10 groups in the middle of the table starting with
scandium are the B-groups (IUPAC 3-12) and are
known as the d-transition metals.

Some of the groups have a very specific family name.

The important ones you need to know are listed
below.

Group 1 : the Alkali Metals (not counting H)

Group 2 : the Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 17 : the Halogens
Group 18 : the Noble Gases (aka the Inert Gases)

Those last two rows (although part of rows 6 and 7 as

mentioned earlier) under the main table are the
transition metals and are know as the lanthanides
and the actinides. You can figure out that their names
come from the two elements that immediately
preceed them - lanthanum and actinium. And yes,
both lanthanum and actinium are a part of those two
groups which is why I have split colors for those
elements.

Below is a lovely figure I made that illustrates many of

these groups mentioned above.

alkali metals noble gases

1 alkaline earth metals halogens 18
1 2
H 2 13 14 15 16 17 He
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be d-transition metals B C N O F Ne
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S Cl Ar
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanides Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinides Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

Oh yeah, there is one more thing... If you take the

group of all the lanthanides and add the two
elements scandium and yttrium, you'll have yet
another classification or group known as the rare
earth elements. There are other names I didn't
mention, but I'm going to let that be it for us for now.

external links

periodic table

atomic symbolism

chemical symbols

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