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VISIT REPORT-Hydropower Plant Report

The educational visit was organized by the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering from April 18-20, 2023 to visit the hydropower plant at Pawna Dam, Pune. The visit aimed to study the hydroelectric power plant and its components. Key parts of a hydroelectric plant include turbines, generators, dams and reservoirs to harness the kinetic and potential energy of flowing water for electricity production. Hydropower is a renewable source of energy that has advantages such as low costs, minimal pollution and flexibility in production.

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Sunil More
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351 views8 pages

VISIT REPORT-Hydropower Plant Report

The educational visit was organized by the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering from April 18-20, 2023 to visit the hydropower plant at Pawna Dam, Pune. The visit aimed to study the hydroelectric power plant and its components. Key parts of a hydroelectric plant include turbines, generators, dams and reservoirs to harness the kinetic and potential energy of flowing water for electricity production. Hydropower is a renewable source of energy that has advantages such as low costs, minimal pollution and flexibility in production.

Uploaded by

Sunil More
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JSPM’s

RAJARSHI SHAHU COLLEGE OF


ENGINEERING
TATHAWADE, PUNE-33
(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to Savitribai Phule
Pune University, Pune)

An
Educational Visit Report
To

Hydropower Generation Plant at


Pawna Dam, Pune

Under the guidance of

Dr. P. S. Patil

and

Prof. Sunil More

Dates: 18-April 2023 to 20-April 2023

Department of Mechanical Engineering


An educational site visit to hydropower plant at Pawna Dam, Pune was
organized by department of Mechanical Engineering of Rajarshi Shahu
College of Engineering, Pune on 18th -20th April. 2023. The visit was
organized successfully with the prior permission and guidance of
honorable Principal Dr. R K Jain Sir.

Class: B.Tech. Mechanical All Divisions


Date:18/04/2023 to 20/04/4023
HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Aim: To study about hydroelectric power plant at Pawana dam.

INTRODUCTION:
Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower. In 2015
hydropower generated 16.6% of the world's total electricity and 70% of all
renewable electricity, and was expected to increase about 3.1% each year for
the next 25 years.

Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, with the Asia- Pacific region


generating 33 percent of global hydropower in 2013. China is the largest
hydroelectricity producer, with 920 TWh of production in 2013, representing
16.9 percent of domestic electricity use.

The cost of hydroelectricity is relatively low, making it a competitive source


of renewable electricity. The hydro station consumes no water, unlike coal or
gas plants. The average cost of electricity from a hydro station larger than 10
megawatts is 3 to 5 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour. Witha dam and reservoir, it
is also a flexible source of electricity since the amount produced by the
station can be changed up or down very quickly to adapt to changing energy
demands. Once a hydroelectric complex is constructed, the project produces
no direct waste, and has a considerably lower output level of greenhouse
gases than fossil fuel powered energy plants.
HYDROPOWER:
Hydroelectric power comes from water at work, water in motion. It can be
seen as a form of solar energy, as the sun powers the hydrologic cycle which
gives the earth its water. In the hydrologic cycle, atmospheric water reaches
the earths surface as precipitation. Some of this water evaporates, but much
of it either percolates into the soil or becomes surface runoff. Water from rain
and melting snow eventually reaches ponds, lakes, reservoirs, or oceans
where evaporation is constantly occurring.
Moisture percolating into the soil may become ground water
(subsurface water), some of which also enters water bodies through springs
or underground streams. Ground water may move upward through soil during
dry periods and may return to the atmosphere by evaporation. Water vapor
passes into the atmosphere by evaporation then circulates, condenses into
clouds, and some returns to earth as precipitation. Thus, the water cycle is
complete. Nature ensures that water is a renewable resource.

COMPONENTS OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER


PLANT:
The water flowing in the river comprises of kinetic energy& potential
energy. In hydroelectric power plant and the potential energy of water
is utilized to produce electricity. There are 8 important components of
hydroelectric power plant as below.

1) Impeller
2) Shaft
3) Runner
4) Casing
5) The penstock
6) Water turbine
7) Generators
WORKING OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT:
To produce hydroelectricity, three things must be present; moving water, a
turbine, and a generator. Hydropower stations are designed to harness the
kinetic energy from moving water. Ideally, they are factories that convert the
energy of falling water into the flow of electrons, commonly known as
electricity. In most scenarios, a dam is constructed across a river to elevate
the water level and offer the fall needed to develop a driving force. The
falling water is then channeled to a turbine wheel at a lower level. The
flowing water turns a turbine wheel that is connected to a generator. The
generator has a rotor, which is turned by the turbine. The turning of the
generator rotor produces electricity.

The functioning of a generator is pegged on the principles revealed by


Faraday. His discovery states that when a magnet is moved past a conductor,
it triggers electrons to flow. In a large-scale hydroelectric generator,
electromagnets are created by circulating direct current via wire loops that are
wrapped around heaps of magnetic steel laminations known as field poles.
The field poles are mounted on the perimeter of the rotor. The rotor is
connected to the turbine shaft and spins at a set speed. When the rotor spins, it
triggers the electromagnets (field poles) to go beyond the conductors
mounted in the stator, causing electrons (electricity) to flow and a voltage to
occur at the output terminals of the generator.

The electricity produced is then stepped up in voltage through the


hydroelectric power station transformers and sent across transmission lines.
The used water having performed its intended purpose is channeled out of the
power generation station to the mainstream of the river to continue the cycle
of power generation.
SELECTION OF SITE FOR A HYDRO-ELECTRIC
POWERPLANT:
Some point that should be given importance while selecting a site for
hydroelectric power stations given below.

Availability of water: -
Since the primary requirement for a hydroelectric power station is the
availability of huge amount of water such a plant should be built at a place
(ex. River and Canal) where adequate water is available at a good head.

Storage of water: -
There are wide variations in water supply form a river or canal during the
year. This makes its necessary to store water by constructing a dam in
order to insure the generation of power throughout the year. The storage help
in equalizing the flow of water so that any excess quantity of water at a
certain period of the year can be made available during times of very low
flow in the river. This leads to the conclusion that site selected for
hydroelectric plant should provide adequate facility for erecting a dam and
storage of water.

Cost and type of land: -


The land for the construction of plant should be available at the reasonable
price. Further the bearing capacity of the soil should be adequate to
withstand the installation of heavy equipment.

Transportation facilities: -
The site selected for the hydroelectric plant should be accessible by rail and
road so that necessary equipment and machinery could be easily transported.
It is clear from the above mentioned factors that ideal choice of site for such a
plant is near a river in hilly areas where dam can be conventionally built at
large reservoir can be obtained.
ADVANTAGES OF HYDROPOWER PLANT:
1) Renewable source of energy there by saves scares fuel reserves.
2) Economical source of power.
3) Non-polluting and hence environment friendly
4) Reliable energy source with approximately 90% availability.
5) Low generation cost compare with other energy sources.
6) Indigenous inexhaustible perpetual and renewable energy source.
7) Low operation and maintenance cost.
8) Possible to build power plant of high capacity.
9) Plant equipment is simple.
10) Socio economic benefits being located usually remote areas.
11) Higher efficiency, 95%-98%.
12) Fuel is not burned so there is minimal pollution.
13) Water to run the power plant is provided free by nature.
14) Its renewable rainfall renews the water in the reservoir, so the fuel is
almost always their.

DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROPOWER PLANT :


1) Susceptible to vagaries of nature such a draught.
2) Longer construction period and high initial cost.
3) Lose of large land due to reservoir.
4) Non availability of suitable size of sites for the construction of time.
5) Displacement of large population from reservoir area and rehabilitation.
6) Environment takes aspect reservoir verses river ecology.
7) High cost of transmission system for remote site.
8) They use up valuable and limited natural resources.
9) They can produce a large of pollution.
10) Companies has a dig up the earth or drill wells to get the coal, oil, and
gas.
11) For nuclear power plants there are waste disposal problems.

Dr. Subim Khan


Head of the Department
Mechanical Engineering

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