Scribd
Upload
53 views11 pages

MAT060 - 27 Integration Involvin Quadratic Functions

This document provides examples and explanations for integrating integrals involving quadratic functions of the form f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c. It demonstrates completing the square to rewrite the quadratic function in the integrand, making a u-substitution of the new variable, and evaluating the integral. Examples include integrals with quadratic and cubic polynomials in the numerator and denominator. An exercise at the end provides 11 additional integrals to determine.

Uploaded by

Hassan Gandamra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
53 views11 pages

MAT060 - 27 Integration Involvin Quadratic Functions

This document provides examples and explanations for integrating integrals involving quadratic functions of the form f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c. It demonstrates completing the square to rewrite the quadratic function in the integrand, making a u-substitution of the new variable, and evaluating the integral. Examples include integrals with quadratic and cubic polynomials in the numerator and denominator. An exercise at the end provides 11 additional integrals to determine.

Uploaded by

Hassan Gandamra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

4.

4 Integration Involving Quadratic Functions


(MAT060 - Calculus with Analytic Geometry 1)

Mathematics Department
Mindanao State University Main Campus
Marawi City
Integration of Integrals Involving Quadratic Functions f (x ) = ax 2 + bx + c

When an integrand involves a quadratic function of the form f (x ) = ax 2 + bx + c, the


integration is usually simplified by completing the square:
 
b
ax 2 + bx + c = a x 2 + x + c
a
b2 b2
 
2 b
=a x + x + 2 +c − 2
a 4a 4a
 2 2
b b
=a x+ +c − 2
2a 4a
Then the substitution
b
y =x+
2a
changes the quadratic term in the integrand to form resembling those that were considered
previously.
2x − 5
Z
Example 1. Find dx.
x2 + 2x + 2

Solution: By completing the square,

x 2 + 2x + 2 = (x 2 + 2x + 1) + 2 − 1 = (x + 1)2 + 1.

Then let y = x + 1, so that, x = y − 1 and dx = dy .


Thus,
2x − 5 2x − 5
Z Z
dx = dx
x 2 + 2x + 2 (x + 1)2 + 1
2(y − 1) − 5
Z
= dy
y2 + 1
2y − 7
Z
= dy
y2 + 1
Z Z
2ydy 7dy
= −
y2 + 1 y2 + 1
Z Z
2ydy dy
= − 7
y2 + 1 y2 + 1
= ln(y 2 + 1) − 7 arctan y + C
= ln(x 2 + 2x + 2) − 7 arctan(x + 1) + C .
2x 3 dx
Z
Example 2. Evaluate dx.
2x 2 − 4x + 3

Solution: We need to simplify first the integrand by performing long division because the
degree of the numerator is greater than the degree of the denominator.

2x 3 dx
Z  
5x − 6
Z
dx = x +2+ 2 dx
2x 2 − 4x + 3 2x − 4x + 3
x2 5x − 6
Z
= + 2x + 2
dx .
2 2x − 4x + 3
We complete the square

2x 2 − 4x + 3 = 2(x 2 − 2x + 1) + 1 = 2(x − 1)2 + 1.

Let y = x − 1, thus, x = y + 1 and dx = dy .

2x 3 dx x2 5x − 6
Z
2
dx = + 2x + ∈ 2 dx
2x − 4x + 3 2 2x − 4x + 3
x2 5(y + 1) − 6
Z
= + 2x + dy
2 2y 2 + 1
x2 5y − 1
Z
= + 2x + dy
2 2y 2 + 1
x2
Z Z
y dy
= + 2x + 5 dy − .
2 2y 2 + 1 2y 2 + 1
2x 3 dx x2
Z Z
5 2 1 dy
dx = + 2x + ln(2y + 1) − 1
2x 2 − 4x + 3 2 4 2 y2 + 2
 
2
x 5 1 1 y
= + 2x + ln(2y 2 + 1) −  q arctan q  + C
2 4 2 1 1
2 2
√
x 2
5 2 √
= + 2x + ln(2y 2 + 1) − arctan 2y + C .
2 4 2 √
x 2
5 2 √
= + 2x + ln(2x 2 − 4x + 3) − arctan 2(x − 1) + C .
2 4 2
Z
dx
Example 3. Evaluate √ .
(2x − 6) 4x 2 − 24x

Solution: By completing the square of 4x 2 − 24x:


4x 2 − 24x = 4(x 2 − 6x ? ) = 4(x 2 − 6x + 9) − 36 = 4(x − 3) − 36
Let y = x − 3.Then x = y + 3, dx = dy , 2x − 6 = 2(x − 3) = 2y and
4x 2 − 24x = 4y 2 − 36, Thus,
Z Z
dx dx
√ = √
(2x − 6) 4x 2 − 24x 2(x − 3) 4x 2 − 24x
Z
dy
= p
2y 4y 2 − 36
Z
dy
= p
2y (2y )2 − 62
Let u = 2y , du = 2dy , a = 6. Then using the formulas of integration yielding inverse
trigonometric functions, we have
Z Z du
dy
p = √ 2 ,
2y (2y )2 − 62 u u 2 − a2
Z
1 du
= √ , formula yielding arcsec
2 u u 2 − a2
1 1 u 
= · arcsec +C
2 a a
 
1 1 2y
= · arcsec +C
2 6 6
 
1 2x − 6
= arcsec +C
12 6
Exercise. Determine the following integrals:
1
√
2x − 1
Z Z
3dx
1. 2
dx 7. √
−1 x − 6x + 13 4x − x 2 − 1
x 3 − 2x
Z
4x + 5
Z
2. dx 8. dx
(2x 2 + 3x + 4)2 Z
x 2 + 3x + 3
x
Z
dx
3. √ 9. 3 dx
(4x + 6) 4x 2 + 12x + 5 (4x − x 2 ) 2
Z 3 Z
dx dx
4. √ 10. 1 dx
1 8 + 2x − x 2 (4x + x 2 ) 2
Z −1
dx x2
Z
5. 2 11. dx
−4 x + 8x + 25 x 2 + 4x + 5
Z
x 4 dx dx
Z
6. 12. √
x 2 + 3x + 1 (x + 4) x 2 + 8x − 20

You might also like