Tutorial 1 - Scope and Nature of Managerial Finance
Tutorial 1 - Scope and Nature of Managerial Finance
Firstly, finance manager must know how to forecasting and planning to shape the firm`s future
position. Secondly, finance manager also needs to determine the optimal rate of sales growth and
interact with other executives to ensure that the firm is operated as efficiently as possible. Next,
they require to manage risk to the minimum probability in order to better manage funds and
currencies.
Using a statement of financial position/balance sheet, describe the major decisions of financial
management.
Profit maximization is just referring to how much dollar profit the company
makes and it ignores the timing of returns, magnitude of returns and risk.
Instead, finance is focus on maximizing shareholder's wealth which means
the value of a company (i.e., value of the stock). It is a long-term approach
which considers the timing of returns, magnitude of returns, and risk. Profit
should not be the only objective of the company, because stock/share price is
always the best indicator of shareholders' wealth.
The balance sheet / Statement of Financial Position (SOFP) is a formal document that follows a
standard accounting format showing the same categories of assets and liabilities regardless of the
size or nature of the business. Besides that, the balance sheet is called a statement of financial
position (SOFP) because it shows financial stability, liquidity and performance of the business. It
is one of the main financial statements. The statement of financial position reports an entity's
assets, liabilities, and the difference in their totals as of the final moment of an accounting period.
But, in Malaysia they no longer use balance sheet. They use Statement of Financial Position
(SOFP) to present in the annual report. This is because SOFP is more representative of what it is
presented, which is financial position such as company asset, liability and equity.
The Balance Sheet represents one day in the life of a business. It shows how much of a business
is owned (assets) and how much it owes (liabilities) on that one day. In other words it is a
snapshot of a specific day in the life of a business. The difference between what is owned and
what is owed on that day is the business’s net worth or equity. A business Balance Sheet has 3
components: assets, liabilities, and net worth or equity. The Balance Sheet is like a scale. Assets
and liabilities (business debts) are by themselves normally out of balance until you add the
business’s net worth. So assets equals liabilities plus equity. On the other hand , the assets and
liabilities have different types like current assets which are short term assets that are easily
convertible for cash within the period of a year. For example : Prepaid Expenses.