Communication Skills-II INTRODUCTION Communication is very important as it is a platform which helps people understand each other. Humans have been trying to find effective a methods to communicate since prehistoric times. From cave paintings, signs, symbols, letters, & telephone, television and now the Internet- the means and methods of communication have advanced tremendously. Our personality is reflected in the way we communicate, so it becomes necessary for us to learn how to make our communication effective, learn various methods of communication and select the most effective method for a communication. In class IX we studied the elements and types of communication and the factors affecting the perspective of communication. In this unit, some of the topics have been revised to make the understanding of new concepts easier. + Session 1 Demonstrate Knowledge of Various Methods of Communication COMMUNICATION Communication is the transfer of information from one person to another. Communication can also be defined as the act of giving, receiving, and sharing information by speaking, writing or using some other medium. Just exchanging the information or passing on the information is not enough. Communication is considered to be successful, if it leaves an impact on the other person and for this, we need to have good communication skills. * Good communication skills help us in building strong professional and personal relationships. * A person with good communication skills can develop into a good leader at the workplace and thus have more chances of professional growth. * A good communicator can pass on a clear, concise and a complete message and so he can get the work done in the exact way he wants, without wasting any time: C$4 Se Information Technology-* * Ifa person has good communication for as long as he requires and can p: These are just a few rewards of possessing B00 have these skills he can develop them with Pp are a step towards understanding the various be handled to improve our skills. The very firs communications and to choose the type, whicl skills, h ass on TYPES OF COMMUNICATION (Based on Communicati There are three main types of communication which we use on a daily basis: * Verbal + Non-verbal * Visual 1. Verbal Communication It is the most common form of communication. A language common to the sender and the receiver is used to convey the message. Verbal communication is generally used during one-to-one communication, lectures, speeches, presentations, phone calls, video conferences ete. ‘Two forms of verbal communication are: Oral Communication: When the message is delivered by speaking, it is categorized as oral communication. For example, telephonic conversation or a lecture. The following are the Pros and Cons of Oral * The speaker can convey the exact message with the use of proper words, [he spent oar __ Tesponse from the listener, as it is aaa ‘che can grab the attention of the audience, e/she ¢2 the message effectively J communication skills. Lf someone does not eevee and patience. The following sessions ice and pa Sof communication and how they cay are ep is to understand the various types of Frid be the most effective in a situation, rac ion Channel) on the basis of the communication channels “Types of Communication { ae Non-verbal x pest ee Visual Fig. 1.1 Verbal Communication Communication: appropriate words, * Apperson may be a very but if he is not a ee, ee he might not be able to. ore ___ audience. a * Ifthe speaker and the rece; eee the receiver do not __usually a two-way communication, | communication fais eS then theCommunication Skit) a 5 Written Communication; When the mess: ire typed on an electronic sad shone or a computer ic gadget like a ph re Gr computer, or noted down on a paper and then exchanged, the communication i said to be a written: communication. SMS, i, lett eile ication , e-mail, letter, pamphlet or a book, are example: of written communication a cia Fig. 1.2 Examples of Written Communication The following are the Pros and Cons of Written Communication ES I —_ - CONS * Itis not compulsory to send the feedback It is a time-consuming process as immediately compared to oral communication. * The sender can review his message before * The feedback of a written communication sending it is not received immediately. + Written messages can be stored and used + Written communication is not very secure, when required as it can fall into anybody's hands, ‘* Written messages can be easily duplicated + A written message can not be read by an and also distributed. illiterate person * The sender is not judged by his + It proves to be expensive, as we require a appearance. ____ paper, pen or an electronic gadget. Se | pepe ee 8 * A person with a speaking disability ora * A written message has to usually follow a person who is hesitant of speaking, can fixed format. use written communication. 2. Non-verbal Communication Non-verbal communication delivers a message without the use of words, but through body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice. Various modes used independently or in combination while communicating non-verbally are mentioned below: * Facial expressions: These are common to all everywhere in the world. So if there is a language barrier, we can still display our emotions through our facial expressions, Fig, 1.3 Non-verbal Communication . (Facial expression and Gesture) * Eye contact: Our eyes are very expressive. They also | Project our feelings. While communicating face-to-face we should make an eye-contact, with the other person to grab his attention. But this eye-contact should be broken every 10 seconds, else the other person might feel uncomfortable.6 EL Information Technology—X * Body Language: Moving our hands to exp! Waving our hand to say Bye, throwing up our hands gestures which are understood globally, Our body posture @ and personality : © Touch: It conveys a lot in a communication. A pat on the back means appreciation and a firm handshake shows our confidence. But, if we are communicating, formally, we do not use touch and we also maintain a physical distance from the other person. he tone we use, is referred to as paralanguage. If we happy and if we speak slowly, it shows ress our feelings is called using gestures, to show despair, are some of the Iso conveys our attitude + Paralanguage: How we speak and speak hurriedly and loudly, it conveys we are our sadness. The following are the Pros and Cons of Non-Verbal Communication: PROS [ CONS Sl ® When used with oral communication, it © Since, no words are used in non-verbal enhances the effect. communication, it may not be able to ‘convey the exact message. * In the case of a language barrier, gestures * It cannot be copied on a paper and |__can convey the message reasonably. ___ distributed, * A person with a hearing disability can * Some gestures are not interpreted as easily understand, the sign language the same globally, so a gesture might be informative for some, but it may hurt the feelings of some others. * Varying voice tone, gestures and body * People with visual impairment or slow movements can make a typical oral lecture understanding, will not find this type of |__ interesting. communication effective. | Tks = good mode of-communication'for | * Gestures of facial ex i : pressions cannot be | people with a speaking disability. observed from a large distance, like an L auditorium or a stadium. 3. Visual Communication This type of communication involves sending and receiving messages in the pictorial f torial form without the use of any language. Charts, s, i , Braphs, emojis, message and they have the same interpretation globally. St USe4 to convey the OonP71 The following are the Pros andl Cons of Visual Communication: PROS * People who cannot read or understand the Janguage can understand the signs easily «Visual aids supplement the oral or written ‘communication * Avery long text can be replaced with a simple picture, and it would still convey the same message. ‘* Visuals leave a longer impact on the human brain than text Communication Skis CONS * Visuals as a stand-alone means of communication, might not be able to convey the complete message. + Perception of a visual might be different for different people. * Making visuals for a communication might turn out to be more time-consuming and costly. © Visuals like graphs and charts are not understood by all. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION (Based on Style and Purpose) On the basi * Formal Formal Communication: Formal communication refers to interchange of information through pre- set channels. It follows the prescribed professional rules, policy, standards, processes and regulations. Mostly, formal communication is goal oriented, crisp, concise and brief. The information has to pass through a definite route from one person to another. Hence, the flow of information is systematic. The source of each information can be easily located. of style and purpose, communication can be classified as * Informal format, Fig. 1.5 Formal Written Communication Formal communication may be oral or written. + Formal oral communication: It is generally rchy and professional rules, which makes it possible communication is controlled by hierai for the information to reach the desired place. followed in organizations. The flow of This is also known as the ‘Through Proper Channel Communication.’ Some examples of formal oral communication are: Communication of Company policies, Presentations at business meetings, Commencement speeches given at a graduation ceremony, etc * Formal written communication: This type of communication is in the written form and_ follows a preset format like in the case of legal contracts, government documents, research papers, official letters such as appointment letter, etc. Informal Communication: The Informal Communication is the casual and unofficial form of communication. No official Tules, processes, system, formalities and chain of command is followed. The information can flow from anywhere, Often “Fig, 1.6 |nformal Communicationo> ste. Gossip and grapey ds, coworkers, relatives ete Gossip and grapeving Se nee communication. 1© Information Technology ~X such communication is betwe ‘ are two very common examples of inform runge mistakes Do's and don'ts of avoiding common body lesa One ts own: proesard ea cc nication has its e seen above that every type of commur yne type of communicati ae oes effective, ue can combine gore fan y co a commtnieatil so that, the cons of one type are overcome by the eee fe most commonly used Let us take the case of oral communication, which is the most Contant io of communication. If we include gestures with our oral. commuricht® body age communication interesting and lively. It is OE negative gestures from our 1 sise the positive lelete a A ne hat do's and don'ts should be followed so that body language vocabulary, Let us learn what do our body language supports our communication. * Starting a meeting with a firm handshake signals that we are confident and capable. Fda oe * We should sit with our back straight and | * Leaning back in chair signals that we ae! shoulders back, This straight posture will disinterested and daydreamy. help us appear capable, confident, energetic | Slouching makes us appear weak and interested. } 5 * A weak handshake makes us look weak * We should move our gaze throughout the audience, so everyone feels included, When delivering a speech or lecture stage, we should not look down, or into space, as it may appear that we are interested in the audience, or do not | to be on the stage. * We should make eye contact with the listener but, aim for not more than 10 seconds at a time, * We should let the arms relax gently at our sides or on the desk/table in front of us and legs uncrossed. This shows that we. ae relaxed and open to the other person'sCommunication Skil 9 9 CCENEEM MIT he form of communication where # languace Is used to convey a messaxe (QEITTTIEINY the vocal form of communication When the messages are typed, or noted down on a paper REECISMMMMTTIOND The type of communication that uses body language, gestures and facial expressions to convey information to others CATT conveying the message using graphics, pictures, drawings, charts, etc PETMETMTETEND Interchange of information through pre-set channels, ‘The casual and unofficial form of communication. Sn» © There are three main types of communication on the basis of communication channels: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual © Two forms of verbal communication are Oral and Written © oral communication is generally used during ‘one-to-one communication and for lectures, speech, presentations, phone calls, video conferences, etc © Written communication can be saved and distributed, (© Various types of non-verbal communication are Facial expressions, Body movement and posture, Gestures, Touch, Eye Contact ‘and Voice modulation. © Visual communication uses pictorial representation of the message: However, some visuals without verbal communication are difficult to understand. © On the basis of style and purpose ‘communication can be classified as Formal and Informal. (© Formal communication refers to interchange of information through pre-set channels. © Informal communication is the casual and unofficial form of communication: © If we wish to communicate well, we need to understand how we can use our gestures and expressions, to Say what we mean. uss CMs A. Fill in the blanks: 1. The process of exchanging information or ideas is called 2 A phone call is @ 3. A verbal communication requires @ 4. If person has stage fear, he would prefer & ASA __ message can be copied on paper and i " ‘Ans. 1, communication; 2. oral; 3 language; 4. written: 5. = . type of communication. to convey the message.10 “Bx Information Technology —X B. Choose the correct option: - 1, Which of the following is a form of Oe ceed eee (@) Meeting with friends it os cation? 2. Which of the following is not a formal written communical (a) Government documents (b) Research papers (c) SMS to a friend (@) Notice from the Income Tax Department 3. Which of the following is not a visual aid? (a) Graphs (b) Slides (c) Placards (d) a 4. Which of the following is not recommended during formal oe a (a) Touch (b) Shaking legs, (c) Slouching (a) Ans. 1. (c); 2. (€); 3. @); 4. (A) €. Short Answer Questions: 1. State any two advantages of learning communication skills. Ans, Good communication skills help us in building strong professional and personal relationships. A good communicator can pass on a clear, concise and complete message and so, he can get the work done in the exact way he wants, without wasting any time. 2. Differentiate between Verbal and Non-Verbal communication, Ans. Verbal communication requires a language common to the sender and the receiver to send the message, whereas, in Non-Verbal communication, no language is used. Non- Verbal communication makes use of gestures, body language, facial expressions etc. 4, Differentiate between oral and written communication. Ans. Oral communication is spoken communication in which immediate feedback is teceived, most of the time whereas, written communication involves noting down on a paper or typing on a paper or some communicating device like a computer or mobile phone. It can be copied, saved and distributed, 4. List some visual aids, Ans, Pi; rds, posters, Fs wy lig Poet Signe: -erephd and charts are some’ of the commonty ased visual D.Long Answer Question: 1. Write the difference between formal and informal « Cr communication, Ans. Formal communication refers to the interchange of inform ie through pre-set channels. It follows the prescribed format, es 5 Processes and regulations. Mostly, concise and brief. For example,Communication Skills-)) ae W coworkers, relatives etc, Gossip and ; . Goss grapevine are two c informal communication. eg 6 Ke 2. State five body postures which help in effective communication. Ans. Body language is an important part of communicati ‘ well, we need to understand how, say what we mean. The following ai communication: ion. If we wish to communicate we can use our gestures and expressions to re some body postures which help in effective * Starting a meeting with a firm handshake signals that we are confident and capable, * We should sit with our back straight and shoulders pulled back. This straight posture will help us appear capable, confident, energetic and interested * We should let our arms relax gently at our sides or on the desk/table in front of us and legs uncrossed. This shows that we are relaxed and open to the other person's suggestions. * We should move our gaze throughout the audience, so that everyone feels included. * We should make eye contact with the listener but, aim for not more than 10 seconds at a time. 3. Give one advantage and one disadvantage of each of the following types of communication: @ Oral (ii) Written (iii) Non-verbal _(iy) Visual —— 7 ——e—————————— Ans. ‘Type of Advantage Disadvantage | | communication | | Oral * The speaker gets an immediate * A person may be a very good response from the listener,| worker, but if he is not a very good | as it is usually two-way) speaker, he might not be able to communication, convince the audience. | Written *The sender can review his * A written message can not be read | message before sending it. by an illiterate person | = | Non-Verbal In the case of a language | Since no words are used in Non- | barrier, gestures can convey) Verbal communication, it may the message. not be able to convey the exact message. ‘ Visual * Information through visuals | Visuals like graphs and charts are can be delivered in a very| not understood by all short time and with minimal | effort. | E. Application Based Question: . f Ashima is interviewing some candidates for the job of a personal assistant and she is observing the body language of the candidates. What conclusion should she draw if the candidate: Z 7 (i) meets her with a firm handshake? (ii) is slouching) Gii) is sitting with crossed arms? (iv) is fidgeting? (v) has informed her that he might receive an urgent phone call? Ans. Ashima may consider the candidate to be () confident Gi) weak and unenergetic (ii) unwilling to negotiate or closed off (iy) anxious and nervous (v) prepared and respectful =12 > Intormation Technology -X Ss aC A. Fill in the blanks: __. written communication, 1. Legal contracts and official letters are type of - AL Gossip is a type of =... uu. communication. communication. 3. No words are used in a .. 4, Facial expressions are not visible when the room is . e speaker makes an 5. Ina. _. communication the physical appearance of the impression B. Choose the correct option; (A_communication between friends is an example of a communication. (a) formal (b) informal © visual (@) none of these 2. Which type of communication is precise, goal-oriented and crisp? 2 (a)iFonnal (b) Informal (©) Oral (@ Written . Short Answer Questions: 1, What should we do, if we are expecting a phone call in between a meeting? 2. Why should we maintain a straight posture during a communication? 3, How does the use of gestures help in making our communication effective? 4. Among formal and informal type of communicati ee pal an loreal pe ion, the source of which type of D. Long Answer Question: State any five body postures we should avoid during a communication.A Session2 Provide Descriptive and Specific Feedback A This session focuses on the importance of feedback and its types. Since feedback is an integral part of the communication yele, a brief revision of the other components of the communication cycle is done here. This will help in understanding the weightage of feedback in the process of communication. COMMUNICATION CYCLE The components involved in a communication cycle are: Nolse idea ™ Message Message Feedback Fig. 2.1 Communication Cycle 1. Sender: The sender is a person who starts the communication. The idea originates in the sender’s mind and he decides to share it, with the receiver, (For example, a student wants to take a day’s leave. The student is the sender here) 2. Message: The idea, the emotion or the thought that the sender wants to convey is the message. (The request for a day’s leave is the message.) 3. Encoding: The transformation of the idea into a form, that can be sent to the receiver is encoding, (The leave application written by the student is the encoding of message.) 4, Channel: The medium through which the message is sent, is the channel. (The student can send an e-mail or write the application for leave on a paper.) 5. Decoding: The understanding of the message by the receiver, is decoding. (In our example, the Principal will read the application.) 6. Receiver: The person to whom the message is sent, is the receiver. (Here, the Principal is the receiver) 7. Feedback: The response of the receiver to the received message is called the feedback, (lf the principal grants the leave, it is a positive feedback.) 8, Noise: The external factors that might distort the message are termed as noise. Since, it is the feedback that implies, whether the communication was successful or not, it becomes important for us to study it in detail. FEEDBACK Feedback is the response of a receiver to the sender’s message. It is an important part of the communication cycle, as itis the only way the sender can be sure about the commrunication being effective. Feedback is essential in communication, so as to know whether the recipient has understood the message, in the same terms as intended by the sender and whether he agrees to that message or not. Depending on the feedback, the sender can modify his further communication, 3)14 S@ Information Technology -X ¢ in the cla ample, after explaining a topic in the €™ Arcee Oy nalde questions like, 1g Ccieat” students by asking questions like, Be or doubts’. The teacher may also conduct a oe, Ree check whether the stuclents have understood OF NON stent teacher a feedback of who has understood and ¥P me of the essentials for a feedback are: see ahcivavle peoeneaee a fecliback must be concrete and ekould relate to/a\epestie, os Bs a & ye action can be taken, . ese should be given or received timely, 50 that the corrective actto before the issues become a problem threatening manner, A + The feedback should be presented in a positive, tactful and non-thr if negative feedback should be given in private * The feedback should be based on accurate information. - * The feedback should be taken from multiple sources, as it is more valid, source feedback. * The feedback should be in an understandable language ur takes the feedback from the yeryone understood’, ‘are there any has everyone an assignment to actually Deets and assignments give the the teache than a single CLASSIFICATION OF FEEDBACK. / On the basis of types of communication, feedback can be * Non-Verbal like nodding of head, smile (positive feedback) or yawning (negative feedback) * Oral, like questions and comments © Written, like replying to an email. Feedback can also be classified, according to its content, as follows: Descriptive Feedback: This type of feedback is not an evaluative feedback like giving grades or marks. It elaborates what has been achieved and what more has to be attained It also has suggestions which would help in achieving further understanding. Descriptive * focused on achieving the goal * provicted, while the students are still in the 2 prov ; Process of learn having recommendations that can be converted into tame i ee a language that is easily understood, * and are workable eneralized Feedback: This type of fe ambiguous and usually comes fom a eck oO It is expressed in phrases like “ a Improvement”. ee but the use of articles requires more pepe ely. presented, one Way of giving how the articles are used." PMCtce. Read the ewspaper ee pangeph ksCommunication Skils-I1 3 15 Exchange of ideas, feelings, opinions, emotions, messages or information between two or more individuals ESSE A person who conceives an idea, converts it into the form of a message and decides how and to whom it is to be sent The idea which the sender wants to convey. Transforming an idea into a form that can be communicated The medium through which a message travels, The person for whom the message is intended. Attaching a meaning to the received message by the receiver. The response given by the receiver. The disturbance during the communication. (em © A communication cycle comprises of - Sender, Message, Encoding, Channel, Receiver, Decoding and Feedback. © The disturbance due to which the message gets distorted is called noise. QA feedback is the response of a receiver to the sender's message. © On the basis of the type of communication, the feedback can be non-verbal, oral and written. © A feedback can also be classified, according to its content, as descriptive, generalized and specific, © Descriptive Feedback is not an evaluative feedback like giving grades or marks. It elaborates on what has been achieved and what more has to be attained. © Generalized feedback does not focus on a particular issue. © Specific feedback focuses on a particular aspect and and has recommendations related to it. Mee easy A. Fill in the blanks: 1. | sees (8 the medium through which a message travels from the sender to the receiver. _ 2. The person to whom the message is sent is the .. ~ A. . feedback should be given in private. Process of learning, . Ans, 1, Channel; 2. receiver; 3. Negative; 4, Descriptive £16 B. Choose the correct optioi Information Technology —-X o cycle? 1. Which of the following 1 not a step in the comonunication * (@) Sender (b) Message (©) Feedback (@) Pitch bs 2, The response that the receiver gives to the sender is C® (a) Receiver (b) Feedback (©) Message (d) Noise 3. Disturbance during the communication is called cian (@) Distortion (b) Discomfort (©) Noise (d) Shouting 4. On the basis of type of communication, feedback can be (a) non-verbal (b) oral (©) written (d) Alll of these 5, On the basis of content, feedback can be classified as (a) Descriptive (b) Generalized (©) Specific (d) All of the above Ans. 1. (d); 2. (b); 3. (0); 4, (a); 5. (d) C. Short Answer Questions: 1. Why is feedback necessary? ‘Ans. Feedback is an important part of the communication cycle, as it is the only way the sender can be sure about the communication being effective. Feedback is essential in ‘communication, so as to know whether the recipient has understood the message in the same terms, as intended by the sender and whether he agrees to that message or not. Depending on the feedback, the sender can modify his further communication. 2. Give examples of non-verbal, oral and written feedback. Ans. Non-verbal; yawning, smiling, frowning, nodding Oral: comments, questions Written: reply to an email 3, What is a descriptive feedback? Ans. A descriptive feedback is not an evaluative feedback. It elaborates what has been Ans. Feedback must be concrete and relate to a specific, me: Ans. Generalized feedback does not focus on a particular issue. itis achieved and what more has to be attained, It also has suggesti i a ‘ } suggestions which in achieving further understanding, It is focused on achieving the goal and Sues while the students are still in the process of learning, It has recormendatiore oid can be converted into actions and are workable. ppanaetonssihich 4. Describe two essentials features of a feedback, Feedback should be given or received timel: ‘asurable performance goal. before the issues become a problem. '% $0 that corrective action can be taken 5. How is generalised feedback different from specific feedback? comes from a group or gathering presentin; ae ambiguous and usually phrases like “Well Done”, "That was great’ ig @ majority resp. "e onse. It is e: di Ge . xpressed in Specific feedback focuses on a particular oe “Needs Improvement”. related to it. and and has recommendationsCommunication Stils-) sam 47 D. Long Answer Question: Describe the essential features of a feedback * A feedback should be presented in a positive, t ! Positive, tactful and non-threatening mi ihe negative feedback should be given in private, a * The feedback should be based on accurate information. * The feedback should be taken from multiple sources, as it is more valid, than a single-source feedback * The feedback should be in an understandable language. E. Application Based Question: Write G against generalized feedback and § against specific feedback in the following sentences: 1. I'm impressed! 2. Your concept of the use of a and an is clear but use of the needs more practice 3. That's more like it 4. That's much better. 5. You used the new vocabulary words very well, There are a few times where you confused the past simple tense with the past perfect. 6. You are doing well. 7. You need to work on balancing the chemical equations. Ans. 1. G; 2. S; 3, G; 4. G; 5. S; 6 A. Fill in the blanks: 1, Yawning is a .. 2, The .. 3. The .. related to it. feedback. . feedback does not focus on a particular issue. feedback focuses on a particular aspect and has recommendations feedback. 4. ‘Needs improvement’ is a B. Choose the correct option: | 1. Phrases like Well done! are which type of feedback? ~€@) Specific (b) Descriptive Ke Generalized (d) None 2. Smiling i .. feedback. 2. Smiling isa. en (a) Written =O pa (©) Negative18 “x Information Technology—x 3. Replying to an email is a ay (a) non-verbal feedback (b) oral feedback _-(©) written feedback (d) none of the above B. Short Answer Questions: 1. Define feedback. 2. At which stage of the communication cycle is the feedback generated? 3. What is a specific feedback? C. Long Answer Question: Describe the elements of a communication cycle. iC Go through your examination answer sheets which your teacher has corrected. Note, where there is descriptive, generalized and specific feedb: ack.‘i ; Session 3 Identify the Barriers in Communication A We all have experienced the ineffective communication at times. which may seem effective to us in misunderstandings or misinterpretations. The effectiveness of a communication depends on vario factors related to the sender, the receiver and some external factors as well. There are many factors which act as Communication Barriers and hinder personal relationships and professional associations, | consequences of A communication might also result COMMUNICATION BARRIERS Some of the communication barriers are as listed below: Perception Language Projusice Attitude Environment — rece Barriers in Communication nas | | ne! , Y ' Y Emotional Poychologcal ——_—le'Status and Physical barriers Cultural factors factor, amen. Socal barters 1, Perception: Perception is the ability to interpret. Different people have different / perception of the same thing. A person might perceive a glass of water as half filled, while the other would look at it as half empty. The same is the case with communication. It is very essential for the sender to understand the level of perception of the receiver. If the message is not clear, it leaves a room for the receiver to interpret it in his/her own perspective, which might be different from that of the sender. 2. Language: The sender should make sure that the language he is using to convey the message is easily understood by the audience, otherwise a communication barrier | occurs due to the language or the accent. Sometimes using a slang or jargon, might also result in miscommunication. 3. Prejudice: Having pre-notions about what the receiver will think, might affect the communication. If the past experiences of the sender with the receiver have not been very pleasant, it also effects the communication. 4. Attitude: If the sender himself is not interested, he/she would not make efforts to make the communication effective. So, the aim of the communication will not be achieved. Fa Environment: Cross-communication and surrounding noise also acts communication, as the recipient is not able to get the message across 6. Physical barriers: They are the most obvious barriers and include noise, faulty equipment, etc. used for communication. as a barrier in clearly. closed doors,20 ‘$C. Information Technology x nings for several basic valyg, ye different mem vior will cf 7. Cultural factors: Different cultures have dite and the general behavior will chan, of the society; Dressing, food, drinks, living “nication should be culturally 50, our CO} drastically from one culture to the another: 50, 0" appropria 6 5 utfective ta: mour, can limit the effectiveng jon, hu 8. Emotional factors: Emotions like ange frustration, of our communication 9. Psychological barriers: There are various ment: Gs be barriers to effective communication, Some people Mav" § phobia, depression etc. Some bodily problems like poe bad hearing also, act as barriers in communication. psychological issues that ma stage fear, speech disorder, yesight, speech disability al and 10. Role/status and social barriers: Communication is dependent ony eo a SOs and at home, social status etc. While talking to our elders or mupees pe? We are not able to express our true feeling keeping in mind their status. 1) Ni oon 7 ~~ girls or female members are not allowed to put forward their thoughts, so such social factors are also responsible, for creating a communication barrier. OVERCOMING COMMUNICATION BARRIERS Just now, we have discussed the major barriers of communication. Nowy, let's talk about, how to overcome these barriers of communication. 1, Use of simple language and proper tone: Use of «, sentences should be stressed. Use of jargons ney understood by all the audience should be not harm the feelings of the receiver. 2. Reduction and elimination of noise levels: the noise and then eliminate that source. ®SS€Nial to identity ¢he source 5. Active listening: Active listening means hearing with ple and clear words, in short Riles ti be avoided. The languagt |. The tone of the Message; Communication Skil) 23 94 4. Emotional control: The sender should not let his emotions affect his communication else his message might be misunderstood, 5. Identifying the need: The m \essage should not be comy according to the level of understanding, of the rece! . Feedback: Avoid giving negative feedback. The negative, but it should be d to effective communication, between the superior and the subordinate. ‘The verse should also welcome feedback from the receiver. This would help in checking whether the message has been received correctly, It will also help the sender to identify any communication barrier and remove it, plicated andl should be designed iver and his requirement 2 contents of the feedback might be telivered constructively. Constructive feedback will lead Proper media selection: The sender should properly select the medium of communication. Simple messages should be conve ryed orally, complex messages should be conveyed in written. Make use of the body language: During the process of communication, make the most appropriate use of body language. Avoid showing too much of emotions, keep a smiling face while talking and make eye to eye contact with the listener. © It is very essential for the sender to understand the level of perception et se © The sender should make sure that the language he is using to convey the mt ily understood by the audience. aa en ° eee about what the receiver will think, might affect ee coun i Off the sender himself is not interested, he would not make tion effective. : ° ae tf the surroundings are noisy or there are some other distractior not able to communicate properly, © Physical Barriers such as noise, communication. ms © The communication should be culturally as uy 2 © Emotions like anger, frustration, humor, can limit oo — oe jical issues like stage fear, speech disord : se also, act al is eat ech disability, bad hearing © Some physical factors like poor eyesight. sP ; barriers in | closed doors, faulty equipment also affect the