Fyfe Co. LLC Tyfo® Fibrwrap® Design Manual (Rev. 9) Property of Fyfe Co.

LLC

FYFE CO. LLC

DESIGN MANUAL

FOR THE
TYFO® FIBRWRAP® SYSTEMS

July 2010
(Rev. 9)

Fyfe Co. LLC

8380 Miralani Drive
San Diego, CA 92126
Office: 858-642-0694 | Fax: 858-444-2980
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://www.fyfeco.com

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Fyfe Co. LLC Tyfo® Fibrwrap® Design Manual (Rev. 9) Property of Fyfe Co. LLC

Table of Contents
Introduction..................................................................................................................................3

Definition of Terms .....................................................................................................................4

General Design Considerations....................................................................................................7

Material Selection........................................................................................................................9

Column Design Equations

Column Shear Enhancement.......................................................................................................11

Column Axial Load Enhancement..............................................................................................13

Column Ductility Enhancement..................................................................................................16

Column Lap Splice Enhancement...............................................................................................18

Beam & Slab Design Equations

Beam Shear Enhancement...........................................................................................................19

Beam Flexural Enhancement.......................................................................................................22

Slab Flexural Enhancement.........................................................................................................23

Wall Design Equations

In-Plane Wall Shear Enhancement..............................................................................................25

Out-of Plane Wall Flexural Enhancement..................................................................................27

References

Literature & Test Report References..........................................................................................29

Appendices

Design Examples.........................................................................................................Appendix A

Typical Details.............................................................................................................Appendix B

Typical Anchoring Details...........................................................................................Appendix C

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Disclaimer
The contents of this design manual express the opinions of the manufacturer. Design recommendations and
equations are based on structural engineering principles and data gathered through extensive structural
testing. Examples and sample designs are for information only and should not be applied to a specific
project. Each project must be evaluated individually with the optimal composite system chosen and
designed based on identified structural requirements. Project engineers shall bear the responsibility to
analyze each structure independently and work with the composite manufacturer to design the composite
system best suited to satisfy identified design goals.

Introduction
The design equations provided in this manual are based on extensive testing and research of our
Tyfo® Fibrwrap® Composite Systems. The designs use the “Strength Design” method. Strength
reduction factors shall apply to all nominal design strengths. It is the project engineer's responsibility
to identify existing structural capacities and new demands. This document solely provides equations
for designing a composite system to satisfy the additional demands on that system.

The following design equations and examples are based on using a Tyfo® Fibrwrap® System as an
additional tension member. There are some design exceptions where composites can resist
compressive forces, however, these applications are unique and are beyond the scope of this
document.

Each of the various Tyfo® Fibrwrap® Composite Systems has different material characteristics. The
most important properties with respect to design are the material modulus and the cross-sectional
area of the chosen composite.

All Tyfo® Fibrwrap® Systems are essentially linear elastic, as are all advanced composite systems.
The design of Tyfo® Fibrwrap® Systems for use in civil/structural engineering applications is
therefore based on strain compatibility and corresponding design stresses at the chosen strain levels.

This design manual is to be considered a general guideline in the design of the Tyfo® Fibrwrap®
Composite Systems. Fyfe Company. LLC engineers are available to provide preliminary designs or
design assistance for any project at no obligation.

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Definition of Terms
Note: FRP = Fiber Reinforced Polymer
-SYMBOLS-
Δ = displacement (inches)
α = angle of fiber inclination (degrees)
ε = allowable design strain of FRP
εbi = strain level in concrete substrate at time of FRP installation (tension positive)
εc = concrete strain
ε'c = maximum compressive strain in unconfined concrete
εcu = ultimate axial strain of unconfined concrete
εcuu = ultimate axial strain of confined concrete
εfu = ultimate FRP strain
εfe = effective FRP strain
εfd = estimated strain at which debonding will occur
εs = steel strain
ε't = transition strain in stress-strain curve of FRP-confined concrete
κa = efficiency factor for FRP in determination of f'cc
κb = efficiency factor for FRP in determination of εcuu
κv = bond reduction coefficient
ϕ = appropriate strength reduction factor per ACI 318-08
φp = plastic hinge curvature (1/in)
φu = ultimate curvature of section (1/in)
φy = ideal yield curvature of section (1/in)
μΔ = desired design displacement ductility for the existing column
μφ = required curvature ductility
ρ = longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio
ρj = volumetric confining ratio of the jacket
Ψf = FRP reduction factor

-A-
a = compression zone depth (inches)
Af = (w)(t) = area of FRP (in2)
Ab = area of one longitudinal bar (in2)
Ag = gross area of column (in2)
As = area of steel reinforcement (in2)

-B-
b = section width of rectangular column (inches)
bw = effective beam width (inches)

-C-
c = neutral axis depth (inches)
CE = environmental durability reduction factor

-D-

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d = distance from extreme compression fiber to steel tension reinforcement (inches)

db = diameter of steel reinforcing bars (inches)
dbl = diameter of longitudinal steel reinforcing bars (inches)
dc = depth of cover concrete (inches)
dfv = effective depth of FRP reinforcement
D = diameter of circular column (inches)
D' = confined core diameter of column (inches)

-E-
E = typical test value of FRP tensile modulus (ksi)
Ef = typical design value of FRP tensile modulus (ksi)

-F-
f = guaranteed design stress of the FRP (ksi)
f'c = concrete compressive strength (ksi)
f'cc = confined concrete compressive strength (ksi)
ffe = effective stress of FRP reinforcement

fl = (0.26)(ρsj)(f) = effective confining stress of the jacket (ksi)

fm = masonry compressive strength (ksi)
fs = longitudinal steel stress required to be transferred (ksi)
ffu = guaranteed ultimate FRP stress (ksi)
fy = yield strength of steel reinforcement (ksi)

-H-
h = section depth of rectangular column (inches)

-I-
Icr = cracked section moment of inertia

-J-
jd = distance from centroid of FRP to centroid of compression zone (inches)

-K-
k = efficiency factor
= 2.0 when jacket is bonded to both sides and carried around wall ends
= 1.0 when jacket is bonded to one side and carried around wall ends
= 0.75 when only bonded to one face of wall
k1 = bond reduction coefficient factor 1
k2 = bond reduction coefficient factor 2

-L-
l = column length (inches)
lp = column plastic hinge length (inches)
ls = length of lap splice (inches)
lw = length of wall section parallel to the applied lateral force (inches)
Le = active bond length of FRP reinforcement
L eff = effective column length

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Lp = plastic hinge length

-M-
Mf = moment capacity provided by FRP (kip-inches)
Mn = ultimate moment capacity of the existing section (kip-inches)

-N-
n = number of layers of FRP reinforcement
nb = number of uniformly distributed longitudinal steel bars
nr = modular ratio

-P-
p = perimeter of the crack surface forming before splice failure (inches)
P = applied axial loading (kips)
Pn = nominal axial strength

-R-
r = minimum corner radius

-S-
sf = center-to-center spacing of FRP reinforcement

-T-
tf = FRP thickness (inches)
ts = slab thickness (inches)
tw = wall thickness (inches)

-V-
Vc = shear strength provided by concrete (kips)
Vf = shear strength provided by FRP (kips)
Vn = nominal shear strength (kips)
Vs = shear strength provided by steel (kips)

-W-
wf = width of FRP (inches)

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General Design Considerations

Bond-Critical Versus Contact-Critical

Advanced composite applications to civil structures will typically fall into one of two groups,
“bond-critical” or “contact-critical.” A “bond-critical” application is one that requires a bond between
the composite and the substrate to transfer loads (e.g. slabs, walls & beams). A “contact-critical”
application is one that requires intimate contact with the substrate but no special adhesion
requirements in order to perform (e.g. columns). Generally speaking, if you can't wrap all the way
around an element then it must be a “bond-critical” application. The designer must verify which type
of application exists in order to specify the proper surface preparation and quality control procedures.

The required field quality control testing for “contact-critical” applications is the ASTM D7565 and/or
ASTM D3039, “Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials.” For “bond-critical” applications we suggest the ASTM D7565 and/or ASTM D3039, and
the ASTM D7522 and/or ASTM D4541, “Standard Test Method for Pull-off Strength of Coatings
Using Portable Adhesion Testers.” These tests can help ensure a proper design and proper
installation.

Primary and Secondary Structural Members

Fiber-reinforced composite retrofit designs also fall into two general categories, primary structural
members and secondary structural members. Most of the advanced composites used for
strengthening applications will be for secondary structural members. For these members, the
composites are designed to take tension during a specific event (e.g. seismic or blast loading). These
applications experience no strain during the majority of their service life. Secondary structural
members will typically not need any special fire protection.

Some applications will use the advanced composites for primary structural members (e.g. flexural
strengthening for an additional, sustained load). These types of applications need special
consideration. The allowable strains should be kept low to account for potential stress rupture, or
“creep” effects. Ultimate limit states and failure modes also need to be considered. For flexural
applications, the failure mode should be yielding of the reinforcing steel followed by crushing of the
concrete. Primary structural members will typically require some type of fire protection. Fire
resistant finishes are available for the Tyfo® Systems (e.g. Tyfo® AFP System), however local codes
and general design limitations need to be considered. Designers should establish the type of structural
member that needs strengthening before determining acceptable design strains.

Detailing

The detailing of the composite system is critical to the proper design and performance of these
systems. As with any tension member, required development lengths, overlaps and end details will
affect their performance. The development lengths for “bond-critical” applications are typically
calculated by considering the total tension force taken by the composite and the bonded area of the
composite to the substrate. The available in-plane bond stress can be approximated by multiplying the
direct tension bond strength (as determined by the ASTM D7522 and/or ASTM D4541 testing) by
(2)1/2. For concrete, it is generally assumed that 200 psi (1.4 MPa) is an acceptable, conservative
value for the available in-plane bond shear stress. For masonry, a conservative value for the maximum
available in-plane bond shear stress shall be (2.5)(fm)1/2. (Reference Section 5.17.2 of ICC AC125).

The required overlaps in the materials will be determined somewhat by which material is used for the
design and how much tension force is being transferred. In general, we suggest a minimum overlap
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g g g gg p
of six inches (151.4 mm) in the primary fiber direction when splicing the materials. End details will
often be determined by the geometry of the structural member and adjacent obstacles. How the
composite is terminated can have a substantial effect on the performance of the system. This is true
of all applications but specifically relevant for beam and wall shear applications. See pages 20 and 27
for additional design information and Appendix B for some typical details.

Shear and Flexural Enhancement of Sections

When increasing the flexural capacity of a section (e.g. beams and slabs) the designer must note the
corresponding increase in shear demand. The section capacity must be checked to ensure that there
will not be a premature failure in shear. Similarly, when increasing the shear capacity of certain
sections (e.g. walls), the designer must check the flexural capacity of the section to ensure that the
new shear strength can be developed prior to a flexural failure.

In general, it is suggested to limit the amount of additional moment capacity provided by FRP to
approximately 40% of the member's existing capacity, however the additional moment capacity
provided by the FRP can vary depending on different parameters (e.g. loading conditions, existing
section, etc.). This restriction is essentially due to potential failure modes. The desirable mode of
failure would be a yielding of the existing reinforcing steel followed by a concrete crushing failure. A
tension failure in the composite can be catastrophic. Using a force balance equation, the strengthened
section should be checked for both operating service strains and ultimate strains. Figure 1 shows a
typical force balance diagram for a strengthened section.

Figure 1: Force Balance Diagram of a Strengthened Section

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Material Selection
Advanced composite materials are all essentially linear elastic and may be described by Hooke's Law
(f = Eε), where “E” is the tensile modulus, “ε” is the strain, and “f” is the corresponding material
tensile stress. Figure 2 shows the stress-strain behavior of Grade 60 steel along with three, typical
wet lay-up Tyfo® Fibrwrap® Systems.

Figure 2: Typical Stress-Strain Behavior of Tyfo Systems Versus Steel

The material properties of any advanced composite material may be categorized as “Typical Test
Values,” and “Design Values.” The “Typical Test Values” are those received from ASTM D7565
and/or ASTM D3039 test results performed on the cured composite in ideal conditions. The “Design
Values” are those that have considered exposure to the environment for the life of the repaired
structure. These “Design Values” can be determined by multiplying the “Typical Test Values” by an
environmental durability reduction factor, CE. The following factors are relevant for most exposure
conditions (extreme exposure conditions may require additional design considerations):

Composite System Reduction Factor, CE

Glass: Wet Lay-Up 0.80
Carbon: Wet Lay-up 0.85
Pull-Formed Pre-Cured Laminate 0.90

These environmental reduction factors should be considered when using the materials elastic modulus
and/or ultimate tensile strength in a design. When the design is governed by strain limitations, as is
often the case, the property most relevant is the tensile modulus. Once the design allowable strains
are known (e.g. 0.004 for shear strengthening wrapping all the way around the element), simply
multiply the guaranteed design modulus by the allowable strain to get the allowable design stress.
Table 1 describes some of the various Tyfo® Fibrwrap® Systems and their properties.

Each of the Tyfo® Fibrwrap® Systems is designed to provide the optimum performance at the lowest
possible cost. The best way to know which advanced composite system to use for a particular type
of project is to accumulate design, installation and estimating experience. The design engineers at Fyfe
Company LLC will provide technical support at no obligation.

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Table 1: Material Selection Chart

1Design Strength, f, is at the ultimate strength of the material. Most designs are governed by strain limitations.
See page 9, “Material Selection”
2 Limited factory production
* Additional Tyfo Products are available for custom designs (e.g. prefabricated sections, underwater systems,
etc.) Please contact Fyfe Co. LLC for assistance.

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Column Shear Enhancement

Nominal shear strength of circular and rectangular sections can be enhanced by FRP materials with
fibers oriented perpendicular to the members' axis, acting at a maximum allowable design strain of
0.004 (only applicable to completely wrapped members, as per Section 7.3.2.6 of ICC AC125). For
rectangular sections, corners must be rounded to a radius not less than 3/4 inch (20mm) before
placement of the fiber. The number of layers required for shear strengthening shall be carried up the
full height of the column, or as required based on sectional demands and capacities.

Nominal shear strength enhancement provided by the FRP, Vf :

Afv ffe ( sin ( α)  cos ( α) ) dfv

Vf 
sf

where:

Rectangular or square sections:

area of FRP shear reinforcement for square
Afv = 2 n tf wf
or rectangular sections (in2)

dfv = section depth of column parallel to the applied lateral force for rectangular
cross-sections (in)

Circular sections:

π area of FRP shear reinforcement for circular

Afv  n tf wf
2 sections (in2)

dfv = diameter of column for circular cross-sections (in)

and,
ffe = εfe Ef effective stress in FRP (ksi)

α = angle of fiber inclination, measured from longitudinal direction (degrees)

sf = center-to-center spacing of FRP shear reinforcement (in)

n = number of layers of FRP reinforcement

tf = FRP material thickness per layer (in)

wf = width of FRP reinforcing layers (in)

E f = modulus of elasticity of FRP material (ksi)

εfe = 0.004 < 0.75 εfu effective strain in FRP reinforcement for fully wrapped sections

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The shear design equation for a column strengthened by the Tyfo® Fibrwrap® System is therefore
given by:

Vu < ϕVn = ϕ(Vc + Vs + ψfVf)

where:

Vu = factored shear demand (kip)

Vn = nominal shear capacity (kip)

Vc = shear strength provided by concrete core (kip)

Vs = shear strength provided by existing steel shear reinforcement (kip)

ψf = 0.95 for fully wrapped sections (0.85 for 3 sided or 2 sided strengthened members)

ϕ = 0.75 for shear applications per ACI 318-08

The total shear strength provided by the existing steel shear reinforcement and the FRP shear
reinforcement shall be limited to the following :

Vs  Vf  8 f'c b d

where:

b = column width or diameter of circular cross-section (in)

d = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement (in)

f`c = concrete compressive strength (kip)

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Column Axial Load Capacity Enhancement

FRP material may be applied to external surfaces of concrete or masonry members to enhance axial
load capacity. Depending on the section shape, axial load capacity enhancement may be provided
by longitudinal and/or transverse orientation of the fiber for tensile and compressive enhancement,
respectively.

All sections with a rectangular aspect ratio not greater than 2.0 may have axial compression
capacity enhanced by the confining effect of fiber-reinforced composite material placed with fibers
oriented perpendicular to the members' axis.

Special consideration should be given to projects with a new sustained stress. Typically an
additional reduction factor would be applied to the design stress of the composite. Contact Fyfe Co.
LLC engineers for improved detailing and appropriate reduction factors.

To determine the enhancement of the column axial load capacity, calculate the maximum confined
concrete compressive strength, f`cc, and the maximum confinement pressure, f1, using an additional
reduction factor, ψf = 0.95.
The stress-strain relationship for FRP-confined concrete can be determined by the following expressions:

 E c  E 2
2
fc  E c εc 
4 f'c
εc2 0  εc  ε't

f'c  E2 εc ε't  εc  εccu

where ε't is defined as the transition strain between confined and unconfined concrete and can be calculated
from the following:
2f'
f'c
ε't  transition strain
Ec  E2

and E 2 is defined as the modulus of the confined concrete and can be calculated from the following:

f'cc  f'c
E2  modulus of confined concrete
εccu

compressive strength of confined concrete:

f'cc  f'c  Ψf 3.3 κa fl compressive strength of confined concrete (psi)

2nn tf Ef εfe
f1  circular cross section
D
2ntf E f εfe
rectangular cross section
2 2
b h

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where the effective strain level in the FRP at failure, εfe, shall be given by:

εfe  0.55 εfu effective strain

And (f1 / f'c) shall not be less than 0.08.

The maximum compressive strain in the FRP confined concrete, εccu, shall not exceed 0.01 to
prevent excessive cracking and the resulting loss of concrete integrity. The corresponding
maximum value of f'cc shall be calculated using the following stress-strain relationship:

 fl εfe 
0.45
 
εccu  ε'c 1.5  12 κb     0.01 ultimate compression strain of confined
f'c ε'c
    concrete (psi)

where:

f'c = compressive strength of concrete (ksi)

ε`c = maximum compression strain in unconfined concrete (conservatively taken at 0.002)

Ψf  0.95 FRP strength reduction factor for axial load

strengthening, fully wrapped section

2 n tf Ef εfe maximum confinement pressure for circular

fl 
D cross-sections (psi)

2 n tf Ef εfe maximum confinement pressure for

fl 
2 2 non-circular
b h cross-sections (psi)

Ae 2
 b efficiency factor for FRP reinforcement in
κa    determination of f`cc (1.0 for circular cross
Ac  h
sections)

Ae 0.5
 h efficiency factor for FRP reinforcement in
κb    determination of εccu (1.0 for circular cross
Ac  b
sections)
where:

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  b ( h  2r) 2  h ( b  2r) 2

  
h b 
Ae
1  3Ag  ρ


  effective confinement ratio
Ac 1ρ

r  0.75in minimum corner radius (in)

Ag = gross area of concrete section (in2)

ρ = longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio

h = depth of column (in)

b = width of column (in)

D = diameter of column (in)

n = number of layers of FRP reinforcement

tf = FRP material thickness per layer (in)

E f = modulus of elasticity of FRP composite material (ksi)

εfe = 0.55 εfu effective strain in FRP reinforcement

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Column Ductility Enhancement

FRP material oriented essentially transversely to the members' axes may be used to enhance flexural
ductility capacity of circular and rectangular sections where the ratio of longer to shorter section
dimension does not exceed 2.0. The enhancement is provided by increasing the effective ultimate
compression strain capacity of the concrete. For rectangular sections, section corners must be rounded to
a radius not less than 3/4 inch (19mm) before placement of the fiber.

The number of layers required for plastic hinge confinement shall extend a minimum length of 0.25 Leff,
the effective column length, but is not required to extend beyond a length of the greater of b or h (D for
circular
section). The extent of this confining jacket shall be from the point of fixity: from the footing for single
bending of from the footing and deck for double bending cases.

Based on the engineer of record's moment curvature analysis, the effective yield curvature (φy), the
neutral axis depth (c), and the nominal capacity (Mn) are found and used in the following equations:

The plastic curvature ( Φp) is found from the expression:

Φp = φp / Lp

where the plastic hinge length (L p) is given by:

L p  0.08 Leff  0.15fy dbl (fy in ksi)

L p  0.08L
L eff  0.022fy dbl (fy in MPa)

In addition to the minimum extent of the layers required for plastic hinge confinement being greater than
the length of b or h (D for circular sections), 0.25 Leff > L p.

dbl = diameter of longitudinal reinforcement

φy = effective yield curvature

The ultimate compression strain is related to ductility as shown in Figure 1. The maximum required
curvature (φm) is:
φm = φy+ φp

Ultimate concrete compressive strain with the addition of composite strengthening, εcu:

Circular Sections:

2.5ρj fu εu
εcu  0.004 
f'cc

where ρj is given by: 4 tf /D

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Rectangular Sections:
1.25ρj fu εu
εcu  0.004 
f'cc

where ρj is given by 2tf [(b+h)/bh]

Composite Properties:

fu = ultimate guaranteed composite stress (ksi)

εu = ultimate composite strain

tf = composite thickness (inches)

Member Properties:

D = diameter of circular column (inches)

f`c = concrete compressive strength (ksi)

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Column Lap Splice Enhancement

Composite jackets can prevent bond failure in lap splices of circular columns by confining the
section. Rectangular columns cannot generally be effectively confined by rectangular jackets to
prevent lap-splice failure.

The volumetric confining ratio of the column with composite strengthening, ρj :

1.4Ab fy
ρj 
p ls ffe

where:

 π D'   2 d  d 2 2 d  d 
  b c  b c perimeter of the crack surface forming
p  min 
before splice failure occurs (in)
 2nb  

Ab = area of one longitudinal bar (in2)

fy = yield strength of steel (ksi)

0.025db fy
ls  lap splice length (in)
f'c

D` = confined core diameter of column (in)

D = diameter of column (in)

nb = number of uniformly distributed longitudinal bars

db = diameter of longitudinal bars (in)

dc = depth of cover concrete (in)

n = number of layers of FRP reinforcement

tf = FRP composite material thickness per layer (in)

ffe = εfe Ef effective stress in FRP (ksi)

E f = modulus of elasticity of FRP composite material (ksi)

εfe = 0.0015 < 0.75 εfu effective strain in FRP reinforcement

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Beam Shear Enhancement

Shear strength of rectangular sections can be enhanced by FRP materials with fibers oriented
perpendicular to the members' axis, acting at an maximum allowable design strain of 0.004 (for
completely wrapped members). Where the performance of the FRP material depends on bond, the bond
strength of the fiber-reinforced composite material to the substrate shall be a minimum of 200 psi. If the
bond strength is lower, special design considerations must be taken. Bond stress shall be calculated
based on the tension forces in the FRP that are to be developed over the bond area.

The following equations are limited for bw/d ratios less than or equal to 0.75. Special design
considerations must be taken for beams dimensions that exceed this ratio.

This equation applies to sectional shear strength and is not applicable to shear capacity between
perpendicular end sections. These provisions do not apply to shear strength enhancement for flanged
sections requiring placement of fiber around re-entrant corners. In these cases an effective beam depth
shall be used between re-entrant locations.

Section edges must be rounded to a radius not less than 3/4in before placement of the fiber. Structural
testing has shown that the use of mechanical anchorage to attach the FRP material at the section edges is
effective in transferring the design fiber stress as well as promoting thermal compatibility and long-term
durability.

Nominal shear strength enhancement provided by the FRP (kip), Vf :

Afv ffe ( sin ( α)  cos ( α) ) dfv

Vf 
sf

where:

Afv = 2 n tf wf area of FRP shear reinforcement (in2)

ffe = εfe Ef effective stress in FRP (ksi)

α = angle of fiber inclination (degrees)

dfv = effective depth of FRP shear reinforcement (in)

dfv = section depth of beam parallel to the applied lateral force (in)

sf = center-to-center spacing of FRP shear reinforcement (in)

n = number of layers of FRP reinforcement

tf = FRP composite material thickness per layer (in)

wf = width of FRP reinforcing layers (in)

E f = modulus of elasticity of FRP material (ksi)

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εfe = 0.004 < 0.75 εfu effective strain in FRP reinforcement for fully wrapped applications

κv εfu < 0.004 effective strain in FRP reinforcement for U-wrapped or two-sided applications

k1 k2 Le
κv   0.75 bond reduction coefficient
468εfu

2
3
 f'c 
k1   
 4000 

dfv  Le for U-wrapped applications

k2 
dfv

dfv  2L e
for two-sided applications
dfv

2500
Le  active bond length of FRP reinforcement
 n tf E f  0.58

The shear design equation for a beam strengthened by the Tyfo® Fibrwrap® System is therefore
given by:

Vu < ϕVn = ϕ(Vc + Vs + ψfVf)

where :

Vu = factored shear demand (kip)

ϕVn = reduced nominal shear capacity (kip)

Vc = shear strength provided by concrete core (kip)

Vs = shear strength provided by existing steel shear reinforcement (kip)

ψf = 0.95 for fully wrapped applications

0.85 for U-wrapped or two-side applications

ϕ = 0.75 for shear applications per ACI 318-08

The total shear strength provided by the existing steel shear reinforcement and the FRP shear
reinforcement shall be limited to the following :

Vs  Vf  8 f'c bw d

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where :

bw = web width (in)

d = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement (in)

f`c = concrete compressive strength (kip)

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Beam Flexural Enhancement

FRP material may be bonded to surfaces of beams to enhance the design flexural strength of sections by
acting as additional tension reinforcement. In such cases, section analysis shall be based on force
equilibrium and strain compatibility between the substrate, reinforcement, and FRP material.

Where the performance of the FRP material depends on bond, the bond strength of the FRP material to
the concrete shall be a minimum of 200psi. If the bond strength is lower, special design considerations
must be taken. Bond stress shall be calculated based on the tension forces in the FRP that are to be
developed over the bond area.

It is suggested that mechanical anchorage be utilized at termination points of longitudinal fiber to ensure
the development of the design strain and to enhance the long-term durability of the bonded application. It
is also suggested that the enhanced design strength of the section does not exceed 40% times the existing
strength of the section and that serviceability requirements are checked.

Nominal flexural strength enhancement provided by the composite (kip in), Mf :

ϕMf  ϕ Af ffe ( jd )

where:

Af = 2 n tf wf area of FRP flexural reinforcement (in2)

ffe = εfe Ef effective stress in FRP (ksi)

jd = distance from centroid of FRP to centroid of compression zone (in)

n = number of layers of FRP reinforcement

tf = FRP composite material thickness per layer (in)

wf = width of FRP reinforcing layers (in)

E f = modulus of elasticity of FRP material (ksi)

f'c maximum strain in FRP reinforcement to prevent

εfe  0.083  0.9εfu
n E f tf debonding

ϕ 0.90 if εs  0.005


0.25 εs  0.002  for flexural applications per
0.65  if 0.002  εs  0.005 ACI 318-08
0.005  0.002
0.65 otherwise

εs = strain in tension steel reinforcement at ultimate compressive concrete strain

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Slab Flexural Enhancement

FRP material may be bonded to surfaces of concrete slabs to enhance the design flexural strength of
sections by acting as additional tension reinforcement. In such cases, section analysis shall be based on
force equilibrium and strain compatibility between the concrete, steel reinforcement and FRP material.

The bond strength of the FRP material to the concrete or masonry shall be a minimum of 200psi
(1.4MPa). If the bond strength is lower, special design considerations must be taken. Bond stress shall
be calculated based on the tension forces in the FRP that are to be developed over the bond area.

It is suggested that anchors be utilized at termination points of longitudinal fiber to ensure the
development of the design strain and to enhance the long-term durability of the bonded application. It is
also suggested that the enhanced design strength of the section does not exceed 1.5-2 times the existing
strength of the section and that serviceability requirements are checked.

Allowances need to be made for vapor transmission from walls, slabs and other elements where the
pressure potential will be in excess of 3psi. This pressure can be measured in the field with simple
equipment. If the pressure is in excess of 3psi, allow 30% of the surface area to be clear for vapor
transmission. The area climatic conditions and field conditions should also be considered.

Nominal flexural strength enhancement provided by the FRP (k-in), Mf:

ϕMf  ϕ Af ffe ( jd )

Composite Properties:

Af = area of FRP flexural reinforcement (in2)

n = number of layers of FRP reinforcement

tf = FRP material thickness per layer (in)

wf = width of FRP reinforcing layers (in)

E f = modulus of elasticity of FRP material (ksi)

ffe = effective stress in FRP (ksi)

Member Properties:
jd = ts - a/2 = distance from centroid of FRP to centroid of compression zone (in)

ts = slab thickness (in)

a = compression zone depth (in)
εcu
= 0.003 = concrete crushing strain

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Design Equations:
Af = 2 n tf wf

ffe  0.85 Ef εfe

f'c maximum strain in FRP reinforcement to

εfd  0.083  0.9εfu
n E f tf prevent debonding

 df  c 
εfe  εcu  ε ε ultimate limit state strain in FRP
 c  bi fd reinforcement

ϕ 0.90 if εs  0.005


0.25 εs  0.002  for flexural applications per
0.65  if 0.002  εs  0.005
0.005  0.002 ACI 318-08
0.65 otherwise

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In Plane Wall Shear Enhancement

In-plane shear strength can be enhanced by FRP bonded to surfaces of walls with fibers oriented parallel
to the applied shear force.

Where the performance of the FRP material depends on the bond, the bond strength of the fiber
reinforced FRP material to the concrete or masonry shall be a minimum of 200psi. (1.4 MPa). If the
bond strength is lower, special design considerations must be taken. Bond stress shall be calculated
based on the tension forces in the FRP that are to be developed over the bond area.

It is suggested that anchors be utilized at termination points of longitudinal fiber at wall ends to ensure the
development of the design strain and to enhance the long-term durability of the bonded application.

Allowances need to be made for vapor transmission from the walls, slabs and other elements where the
pressure potential will be in excess of 3psi. This pressure can be measured in the field with simple
equipment. If the pressure is in excess of 3psi, allow 30% of the surface area to be clear for vapor
transmission. The area climatic conditions and field conditions should also be considered.

When designing for walls with aspect ratios of 2 or less (hw/lw < 2), additional strengthening might be
required, depending on the specific project. Walls shall have distributed shear reinforcement providing
resistance in two orthogonal directions in the plane of the wall. If the ratio hw/lw does not exceed 2.0,
reinforcement ratio ρv shall not be less than reinforcement ratio ρn.

Connections to adjacent elements (e.g. diaphragms and foundations) should be analyzed by the engineer.
The Tyfo® JT System can be designed to transfer these forces between adjacent elements. Contact Fyfe
Co. LLC engineers for more information.

An efficiency factor, k, is used in the design of in-plane wall shear to account for the optimum placement
of the FRP to the wall surface. The most efficient design is to carry the FRP around the wall ends and
completely bond the material to both sides of the wall. This case will allow an efficiency factor of k =
2.0. If the FRP can be carried around the wall ends, but only bonded to one side of the wall, the
efficiency factor is k = 1.0. The least efficient option is to bond the FRP to the only face of the wall,
resulting in k=0.75. Typical details are provided in Appendix B.

Nominal shear strength enhancement provided by the FRP (kips), V:

   
ϕV  ϕk tf ff lw sin α
2 
FRP Properties:
E f = design modulus (ksi)

ε = 0.004 (design strain for completely wrapped walls)

ε = 0.0015 (design strain for one-sided applications)

ff = E fε = corresponding guaranteed design stress of the composite (ksi)

k = efficiency factor (see above)

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y ( )

tf= composite thickness (inches)

α= angle of fiber orientation, measured from vertical (degrees)

Member Properties:

lw = length of wall section parallel to the applied lateral force (inches)

ϕ = 0.75 for shear applications per ACI 318-08

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Fyfe Co. LLC Tyfo® Fibrwrap® Design Manual (Rev. 9) Property of Fyfe Co. LLC

Out-of-Plane Wall Flexural Enhancement

Fiber-reinforced composite material may be bonded to surfaces of walls to enhance the design flexural
strength of sections by acting as additional tension reinforcement. In such cases, section analysis shall be
based on force equilibrium and strain compatibility between the substrate, reinforcement and composite
material.

The bond strength of the fiber reinforced composite material to the concrete or masonry shall be a
minimum of 200psi (1.4Mpa). If the bond strength is lower, special design considerations must be taken.
Bond stress shall be calculated based on the tension forces in the composite that are to be developed over
the bond area.

It is suggested that anchors be utilized at termination points of longitudinal fiber at strip ends to ensure the
development of the design strain and to enhance the long-term durability of the bonded application. It is
also suggested that the enhanced design strength does not exceed 1.5-2 times the original strength of the
section and that serviceability requirements are checked.

Allowances need to be made for vapor transmission from walls, slabs and other elements where the
pressure potential will be in excess of 3psi. This pressure can be measured in the field with simple
equipment. If the pressure is in excess of 3psi, allow 30% of the surface area to be clear for vapor
transmission. The area climatic conditions and field conditions should also be considered.

Nominal flexural strength enhancement provided by the composite (k-in), Mf:

ϕMf  ϕ Ψf Af ffe ( jd )

Composite Properties:

Af = area of FRP flexural reinforcement (in2)

n = number of layers of FRP reinforcement

tf = FRP material thickness per layer (in)

wf = width of FRP reinforcing layers (in)

E f = modulus of elasticity of FRP material (ksi)

ffe = effective stress in FRP (ksi)

Member Properties:
jd = tw - a/2 = distance from centroid of FRP to centroid of compression zone (in)

tw = wall thickness (in)

a = compression zone depth (in)
εcu
= 0.003 = concrete crushing strain

Design Equations:

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Af = 2 n tf wf

ffe  0.85 Ef εfe

f'c maximum strain in FRP reinforcement to

εfd  0.083  0.9εfu
n E f tf prevent debonding

 df  c 
εfe  εcu  ε ε
 c  bi fd ultimate limit state strain in FRP reinforcement

ψf = 0.85 for flexural FRP reinforcement (ksi)

ϕ 0.90 if εs  0.005


0.25 εs  0.002  for flexural applications per
0.65  if 0.002  εs  0.005
0.005  0.002 ACI 318-08
0.65 otherwise

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Design References
1. AC125, ICC Acceptance Criteria for Concrete and Reinforced and Unreinforced Masonry
Strengthening Using Externally Bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composite Systems,
March, 2010.

2. Priestley, M.J.N., Seible, F., Calvi, G.M., Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., New York, 1996

3. Paulay, T., and Priestley, M.J.N., Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1990.

4. Priestley, M.J.N., Seible, F., Column Seismic Retrofit Using Fiberglass/Epoxy Jackets,
Department of Applied Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, University of California San Diego,
1994.

5. Priestley, M.J. Nigel, Seible, F., UCSD. Seismic Assessment & Retrofit of Bridges, July 1991.

6. ACI 440.2R-08, Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for
Strengthening Concrete Structures, July, 2008.

7. ISIS Canada Manuals 3 & 4, Reinforced Concrete Structures with Fibre Reinforced Polymers,
September 2001.

8. ISIS Canada Manual 4, Strengthening Reinforced Concrete Structures with externally bonded
FRP, September 2001.

9. CSA Standard S806-02, Design and Construction of Building Components with Fibre-Reinforced
Polymers, 2002.

10. Construction Productivity Advancement Research (CPAR) Program, US Army Corps of

Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
Composite Materials Systems to Enhance Reinforced Concrete Structures, February 1998.

11. FIB 14, International Federation of Structural Concrete, July 2001.

12. Al-Chaar, Ghassan K. and Lamb, Gregory E. ERDC/CERL TR-02-33, US Army Corps of
Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, Design of Fiber-Reinforced
Polymer Materials for Seismic Rehabilitation of Infilled Concrete Structures, December 2002.

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Test Reports
Column Shear Enhancement:

1. SEQAD Consulting Engineers. Rectangular Shear Column Test. Mar. 1992.

2. SEQAD Consulting Engineers. Repair of Shear Columns Using Fiberglass/Epoxy Jackets. 1993.

3. SEQAD Consulting Engineers. Shear Column Test No.1. May 1991.

4. SEQAD Consulting Engineers. Shear Column Test No. 2. July 1991.

5. Priestley, Assessment & Retrofit of Concrete Columns for Seismic Performance. UCSD, July
1993.

6. SEQAD Consulting Engineers. Repair of Shear Column Using Fiberglass Epoxy Jacket. July
1993.

7. Ohtaki, Benzoni/ UCSD. Seismic Performance of a Full Scale Bridge Column. Nov. 1996.

8. SEQAD Consulting Engineers. High Strength Fiber Rectangular Column Shear & No Lap-Splice
Flexural Test. March 1992.

9. University of Canterbury, New Zealand. Retrofitting of Reinforced Concrete Members Using

Advanced Composite Materials.1999.

10. University of California at Irvine, Structural Qualification Testing of Composite Jacket Circular
and Rectangular Columns. Oct. 1999.

Column Axial Load Enhancement:

1. SEQAD Consulting Engineers. Axial Load Characteristics of Rectangular Columns Wrapped

with TYFO S Jackets. Feb. 1996.

2. K.W. Neale, INC. A xial Load Capacity of Wall Type Concrete Columns. April 1997.

3. USC. Full Scale Testing of a Typical Parking Structure Column. Oct.1995.

4. Texas D.O.T. Compression Test of Failed Concrete Cylinders Wrapped with TYFO Fibrwrap
System. Oct.1995.

5. Kachlakev et. al, Oregon D.O.T., FHWA, Behavior of Concrete Specimens Reinforced with
Composite Materials Laboratory Study, SPR-387., Feb. 2000.

6. University of California at Irvine, Structural Qualification Testing of Composite Jacket Circular

and Rectangular Columns. Oct. 1999.

Column Ductility Enhancement:

1. Pennsylvania D.O.T. Fiber Column Wrap-Seismic retrofit System. Nov. 1998.

2. Priestley, Seible. Design of Seismic Retrofit Measures for Concrete & Masonry. Mar. 1995.

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y g y

3. USC. Full Scale Testing of a Typical Parking Structure Column. Oct.1995.

4. SEQAD Consulting Engineers. Repair of Shear Column Using Fiberglass Epoxy Jacket. July
1993.

5. SEQAD Consulting Engineers. Repair of Shear Column Using Fiberglass Epoxy Jacket. July
1993.

6. Priestley / UCSD. Seismic Assessment & Retrofit of Bridge Columns.

7. Ohtaki, Benzoni/ UCSD. Seismic Performance of a Full Scale Bridge Column. Nov. 1996.

8. University of Toronto. Repair & Strengthening of Columns with Fiber. Mar 1998.

9. University of Canterbury, New Zealand. Retrofitting of Reinforced Concrete Members Using

Advanced Composite Materials.1999.

10. University of California at Irvine, Structural Qualification Testing of Composite Jacket Circular
and Rectangular Columns. Oct. 1999.

Column Lap Splice Enhancement:

1. SEQAD Consulting Engineers. High Strength Fiber Circular Column Lap Splice Flexural Test
Project. May 1991.

2. SEQAD Consulting Engineers. Seismic Retrofit of Bridge Columns Using High Strength
Fiberglass/ Epoxy Jackets. Aug. 1993.

3. USC. Full Scale Testing of a Typical Parking Structure Column. Oct.1995.

Beam Shear Enhancement:

1. Kheled R. Saleh / Lawrence Technical University. Strengthening of Two- Span Continuous

Girders Using Fyfe FRP Sheets. 1997.

2. ISIS / University of Manitoba. Shear Strengthening of the Maryland Bridge Using CFRP Sheets
SCH-41. July 1997.

3. University of Alberta. Shear Rehabilitation of Type G Girders Using ACM.

4. A & M Texas University. Tests of Concrete Beams with Externally Bonded Glass Fiber Fabric
Web Reinforcement. 1999.

5. University of Canterbury, New Zealand. Recent Development in the Use of Advanced Composite
Materials for Seismic Retrofitting. 1999.

6. University of Canterbury, New Zealand. Retrofitting of Reinforced Concrete Members Using

Advanced Composite Materials.1999.

7. University of Canterbury, New Zealand. Increase of Load Carrying Capacity of Beams by

Means of Advanced Composite Material Plates. 1999.

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8. Kachlakev and McCurry, Oregon D.O.T., FHWA, Behavior of Concrete Specimens Reinforced
with Composite Materials Laboratory Study, SPR-387. Feb. 2000.

Beam/Slab Flexural Enhancement:

1. Kheled R. Sleh. / Lawrence Technical University. Strengthening of Two-Span Continuous

Girders Using Fyfe FRP Sheets.1997.

2. Georgia D.O.T. Flexural Test of Concrete Beams Wrapped with T YFO S Fibrwrap. Feb. 1994.

3. University of Pennsylvania. FRP Jacketed Concrete Under Flexure & Combined Flexure. Feb.
1995.

4. Grace, Sayad, Saleh. Strengthening Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Fiber Reinforced
Polymer (FRP) Laminates. Oct. 1999.

5. A&M Texas University. Tests of Concrete Beams with Externally Bonded Glass Fiber Fabric
WEB Reinforcements.

6. University of Canterbury, New Zealand. Retrofitting of Reinforced Concrete Members Using

Advanced Composite Materials.

7. University of Canterbury, New Zealand. Increase of Load Carrying Capacity of Beams by

Means of Advanced Composite Material Plates.

8. Mc Maser University. Repair of Beam Column Joints Using GFRP Sheets. Oct. 1999.

9. Kachlakev and McCurry, Oregon D.O.T., FHWA, Behavior of Concrete Specimens Reinforced
with Composite Materials Laboratory Study, SPR-387. Feb. 2000.

10. Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center, Navy Advanced Composite Technology in
Waterfront Infrastructure, SP-2046-SHR. December 1998.

11. Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center, Waterfront Repair and Upgrade, Advanced
Technology Demonstration Site No. 2, Pier 12 Naval Station, San Diego, SSR-2419-SHR.
November 1998.

In-Plane Wall Shear Enhancement:

1. UCSD. Seismic Repair & Retrofit of a Full-Scale Five Story Masonry Building. Oct. 1993.

2. UCSD. Seismic Repair & Retrofit of Masonry Walls with Carbon Overlays. 1995.

3. PMR Enterprises/UC Irvine. TYFO JT System Full Scale Structural Test Program. Nov. 1996.

4. US Army Corps of Engineers. Upgrade & Monitoring of Unreinforced Masonry. Nov. 1997.

5. US Army Corps of Engineers. Masonry Bearing & Shear Walls Retrofitted with Overlay
Composite Material . Dynamic Test. Jun. 1998.

6. State University of New York, Buffalo. Evaluation of TYFO W Fibrwrap System for In-Plane
Strengthening of Masonry Walls. March 1995.Out-of Plane Wall Flexural Enhancement:

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g g y

7. Portland State University. Full Scale Tests of Retrofitted Hollow Clay Tile Walls. Jun. 1998.

8. US Army Corps of Engineers. Upgrade & Monitoring of Unreinforced Masonry. Nov. 1997.

9. US Army Corps of Engineers. Masonry Bearing & Shear Walls Retrofitted with Overlay
Composite Material. Dynamic Test. June 1998.

10. State University of New York, Buffalo. Evaluation of TYFO W Fibrwrap System for
Out-of-Plane Strengthening of Masonry Walls. March 1995.

11. See, “Beam/Slab Flexural Enhancement” for additional supporting reports.

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APPENDIX A

DESIGN EXAMPLES

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Column Shear Enhancement Example

In order to provide an increased shear strength and improve earthquake performance of the structure,
supplement the original transverse reinforcement of existing beams using fiber reinforced polymer
(FRP). The required shear strength of the column is 120 kips. Column details are given.

Column and stirrup properties

f'c  3000psi concrete compressive strength

h  24in column width

b  24in column depth

l  19.33ft column length

E s  29000ksi elastic modulus of steel

s  8in stirrup spacing

2
Ab  0.11in stirrup size (#3 bars)

db  0.375in stirrup diameter


Av  2 0.11in
2   0.22 in2 steel area in shear for each stirrup (2 legs)

fy  60ksi specified steel yield stress of stirrups

dc  2in concrete cover

Vreq  120kip required shear strength

Material properties of the Tyfo SEH-51A System

CE  0.80 environmental reduction factor for glass

Ultimate tensile strength

ff  83400psi typical test value of ultimate tensile strength

fu  CE ff  66.72 ksi design ultimate tensile strength

Elastic modulus, E f

E G  3790ksi typical test value of elastic modulus

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E f  CE EG  3032 ksi design elastic modulus

Ultimate strain, εfu

fu
εfu   0.022 ultimate strain of fiberwrap
Ef

tf  0.05in thickness per layer

α  90deg angle of primary fiber orientation

1. Calculate existing shear capacity of beam without fiberwrap

The shear capacity of the beam without fiberwrap reinforcement can be calculated with the
following equation:


ϕVn  ϕ Vc  Vs 
Vc  2 f'c b d

Av fy d
Vs 
s

where:
ϕ  0.75 shear reduction factor per ACI 318-08

d  h  2 dc  db  19.625 in

ϕVn  63 kip

Since the shear capacity of the beam (63 kips) is less than the target shear capacity (120 kips), the
existing beam does not have adequate capacity to resist the anticipated shear load.

2. Calculate effective strain in FRP layers

Note: Since the column has access to all sides, the column will be completely wrapped. Thus the
effective strain can be taken as the following:

Effective strain for completely wrapped member, εfe

εfe  0.004  0.75εfu

0.75 εfu  0.017

Therefore
εfe  0.004 effective strain of fiberwrap

3. Calculate the area of fiberwrap required

The shear strength added by the Fibrwrap shear reinforcement is given by:

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Afv ffe ( sin ( α)  cos ( α) ) dfv

Vf 
sf

Area of fiberwrap shear reinforcement, Afv

Afv  2 n tf wf

Where:
wf  54in (Width of Tyfo SEH-51A)

dfv  24in

This example will use complete coverage, and thus

sf  54in

The required factored shear strength of the fiberwrap can be found:

ΔV
Vf 
ϕ Ψf

Where:
ΔV  Vreq  ϕVn  57 kip

Ψf  0.95

ΔV
Vf   80 kip
ϕ Ψf

The equation for the shear strength of the fiberwrap can be rearranged to solve for the required
number of layers

Vf sf
Afv 
εfe E f ( sin ( α)  cos ( α) ) dfv

2
Afv  14.846 in

4. Calculate the number of layers required

The number of required layers can be found:

Afv
nrequired 
2 tf wf

nrequired  2.749

Therefore, 3 layers are needed to provide the required shear strength,

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n  3

2 n tf wf εfe E f ( sin ( α)  cos ( α) ) dfv

Vf   87.3 kip
sf

Check the total shear strength provided by fiberwrap and steel reinforcement:

Vs  Vf  8 f'cb d

119.7kip  206.4kip OK

The shear strength of the Fibrwrap reinforced beam is given by the following equation:


ϕVn  ϕ Vc  Vs  Ψf Vf 
ϕVn  125 kip

ϕVn  120kip OK

5. Conclusion

Providing 3 layers of Tyfo SEH-51A will enhance the shear strength of the column to carry the
additional load needed.

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Column Axial Load Enhancement Example

Use the Tyfo SCH-41 composite to provide 150 kips of additional ultimate axial capacity to
existing columns. The additional capacity is required during a seismic event and is not considered
to be a sustained load.

Existing column properties

D  13in column diameter

f'c  3000psi concrete compressive strength

2
 D
Ag  π    132.7 in
2
gross area
2

Properties of Tyfo SCH-41 System

CE  0.85 environmental reduction factor for carbon

Ultimate tensile strength

ff  143ksi typical test value of ultimate tensile strength

fu  CE ff  121.55 ksi design ultimate tensile strength

Elastic modulus, E f

E G  13900ksi typical test value of elastic modulus

E f  CE EG  11815 ksi design elastic modulus

Ultimate strain, εfu

fu
εfu   0.01 ultimate strain of fiberwrap
Ef

tf  0.04in thickness per layer

1. Calculate confined concrete compressive stress

n  2 number of layers of fiberwrap

Ψf  0.95 additional axial load reduction factor

ϕ  0.75 axial load reduction factor

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κa  1 efficiency factor for FRP reinforcement in

determination of f`cc

κb  1 efficiency factor for FRP reinforcement in

determination of εccu

εfe  0.55 εfu  0.006 effective strain level in FRP at time of

failure

2n tf Ef εfe
f1   0.823 ksi maximum confinement pressure for a
D circular cross section

 f1 
if   0.08 "Not Good" "Good"   "Good" check of stress ratio
 f'c 

f'cc  f'c  Ψf 3.3 κa f1  5.6 ksi maximum confined concrete

compressive strength

2. Check of the ultimate compression strain

maximum compression strain in
ε'c  0.002
unconfined concrete

 f1  εfe 
0.45
 
εccu  ε'c 1.5  12 κb
    ultimate compression strain of confined
 f'c  ε'c   concrete (psi)

εccu  0.014 > the limiting ultimate confined strain value of 0.01 therefore,
recalculate the confined compressive strain

f'cc  f'c
E2   190.9 ksi modulus of confined concrete
εccu

rearrange the equation to solve for the confined concrete compressive strength at the limiting strain value of
0.01

f'cc  E 2 ( 0.01 )  f'c  4.9 ksi

3. Calculate additional axial load capacity

Assume that the steel does not provide significant additional axial capacity to the column at
levels in excess of the original design strain.

The original axial capacity of the column was:

ϕP'n  ϕ f'c Ag  299 kip

The new axial capacity with one layer of the Tyfo SCH-41 Composite System is:

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ϕPn  ϕ f'cc Ag  489 kip

This corresponds to an increased axial load of:

ΔPn  ϕPn  ϕP'n  190 kip

4. Conclusions
Two layers of the Tyfo SCH-41 System provides an additional 190 kips of axial capacity to the existing
column, which is greater than the target additional capacity of 150 kips.

The Tyfo SCH-41 System must extend over the column's full clear height. See Appendix B for typical
details.

Note that the axial load enhancement of rectangular sections requires changing the cross-sectional shape
to a circle or ellipse. This can be accomplished with pre-cast bolsters or by forming and pouring.

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Column Ductility Enhancement Example

Provide a composite system for the existing circular column that allows a displacement ductility
of six times the yield displacement of the section.

Existing column properties

D  24in column diameter

f'c  5000psi concrete compressive strength

P  212kip applied axial loading

l  12ft column height

fy  60ksi yield strength of steel reinforcement

Longitudinal reinforcement: 6 # 6 bars
db  0.75in diameter of one #6 bar
Transverse reinforcement: # 3 hoops at 14" o.c.
Assume a fixed-fixed boundary condition, so le = (0.5) * 1 = (0.5)*(12') = 72"
L eff  72in effective length of column

Properties of Tyfo SEH-51A System

CE  0.8 environmental reduction factor for glass

Ultimate tensile strength

ff  83400psi typical test value of ultimate tensile strength

fu  CE ff  66.72 ksi design ultimate tensile strength

Elastic modulus, E f

E G  3790ksi typical test value of elastic modulus

E f  CE EG  3032 ksi design elastic modulus

Ultimate strain, εfu

fu
εfu   0.022 ultimate strain of fiberwrap
Ef

tf  0.05in thickness per layer

1. Results from the moment-curvature analysis of the existing section

Fyfe Co. LLC engineers can provide a complete moment-curvature analysis for engineers use if

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y g p p y g
given the information listed in the "Existing Column Properties" section of this example.

Mu  4437.8kip in moment capacity of the existing section

c  6.1in neutral axis depth at ultimate moment

ϕy  0.000184 ideal yield curvature

2. Ductility calculations:
Determine the plastic hinge length, Lp:

0.15fy db
L p  0.08 Leff   12.5 in
ksi

The required curvature ductility, μ is:

 μΔ  1

μφ  1 
  Lp   ( 0.5)  Lp 
 3 l  1  
    l 

where the target design ductility, μΔ  6

 μΔ  1 
μφ  1   
3 12.5in  1  ( 0.5) ( 12.5in)  
 
  72in   72in 

μφ  11.513

Therefore the ultimate curvature, ϕu is:

ϕu  μφ ϕy  0.0021

and the ultimate confined concrete strain to reach this ultimate curvature, εcu:
c
εcu  ϕu  0.01
in
3. Determine the thickness of required fiberwrap

First, the volumetric confining ratio of the composite jacket, ρj is:

f'cc  1.5 f'c  7.5 ksi maximum confined concrete compressive
strength

0.8 εcu  0.004 f'cc 
ρj   0.036 volumetric confining ratio of composite jacket
fu εfu

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The required composite thickness to achieve this confinement is:

tf
ρj  4 volumetric confining ratio of composite jacket
D

ρj D
trequired   0.2188 in required fiberwrap thickness
4

trequired
 4.38 number of layers required
tf

n  5 number of layers

4. Conclusions
Five layers of the Tyfo SEH-51A System are needed to enhance the displacement ductility of the column
to six times the yield displacement of the longitudinal steel.

For axial load ratios of (P/f'c x Ag) < 0.3, the composite thickness, tf, must extend from the critical section
a length of 25% of the effective column height, le, or the column diameter, D, whichever is greater.

Corresponding shear forces at the calculated ultimate levels for ductility should be checked to ensure that
the column is not prone to shear failure.

The ductility requirements for columns can also be stated in required drift, ultimate displacements, and
plastic rotation or curvature ductility. These values can be transformed into individual multiples of the
displacement ductility described in this example in the "Ductility Calculations" section.

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Column Lap Splice Enhancement Example

Provide sufficient clamping force to the existing inadequate lap splice length to allow continuous
column performance.

Existing column properties

D  30in column diameter

dc  2in depth of cover concrete

f'c  4000psi concrete compressive strength

l  12ft column height

fy  40ksi yield strength of steel reinforcement

Longitudinal reinforcement: 12 #9 bars

db  1.128in diameter of # 9 bar

nb  12 number of longitudinal bars

2
Ab  1in area of one longitudinal bar

 
D'  D  2 dc  .375in confined core diameter of column

ls  16in length of lap splice

Note that ls = 16" > (0.025 * d.b * fy ) / f'c = 15.8" OK

Properties of the Tyfo SCH-41 System

CE  0.85 environmental reduction factor for carbon

Elastic modulus, E f

E G  13900ksi typical test value of elastic modulus

E f  CE EG  11815 ksi design elastic modulus

Ultimate strain, εfu

εfu  0.0015 allowable design strain for lap splices

Design tensile strength

fu  Ef εfu  17.723 ksi design ultimate tensile strength

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tf  0.04in thickness per layer

1. Calculate the volumetric confining ratio of the fiberwrap

p = perimeter of the crack surface forming before splice failure (inches). Use the lesser of the
following values:
 π D'   2 d  d  14.306 in
p1     b c
2n


p2  2 2 db  dc  8.847 in 
p  8.85in

1.4 Ab fy
ρj   0.022 volumetric confining ratio of fiberwrap
p ls f u

2. Calculate the required number of layers of fiberwrap

ρj D
trequired   0.1674 in required fiberwrap thickness
4

trequired
 4.2 number of layers required
tf

Therefore, 5 layers are required.

3. Conclusions
Use 5 layers of the Tyfo SCH-41 System to effectively clamp the existing insufficient lap splice. At a
minimum, the fiberwrap jacket should be extended the full length of the existing lap splice.

Note that the rectangular sections with insufficient lap splice detailing will often require changing the
cross-sectional shape to circular or elliptical prior to wrapping. This can be accomplished using pre-cast
bolsters or by forming and pouring.

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Beam Shear Enhancement Example

Due to rehabilitation of an existing building, the beam shown in Figure A1 is required to resist a factored
dead and live load shear of 115 kips. The effective depth of the steel reinforcement is 35 inches. The
existing slab is 8 inches deep and the clear depth of beam face is 30”. Use fiber-reinforced composites
to provide additional shear capacity.

20”

8”

38” d = 35”

#4 @ 16” o.c.

Figure A1. Beam Shear Reinforcement Layout

Beam and stirrup properties

f'c  3000psi concrete compressive strength

distance from extreme compression fiber to
d  35in
centroid of tension reinforcement
fy  40ksi specified steel yield stress of stirrups

bw  20in web width

E s  29000ksi elastic modulus of steel

s  16in stirrup Spacing


Av  2 0.2in
2   0.4 in2 steel area in shear for each stirrup (2 legs)

Material properties of Tyfo SEH-51A System

CE  0.80 environmental reduction factor for glass

ff  83400psi specified ultimate tensile strength

fu  CE ff  66720 psi ultimate tensile strength

E G  3790ksi typical test value for elastic modulus

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E f  CE EG  3032 ksi design elastic modulus

fu
εfu   0.022 ultimate strain
Ef

tf  0.05in thickness per layer

α  90deg angle of primary fiber orientation

1. Calculate existing shear capacity of beam without FRP

The shear capacity of the beam without FRP reinforcement can be calculated with the following
equation:


ϕVn  ϕ Vc  Vs 
Vc  2 f'c bw d shear strength of concrete

Av fy d
Vs  shear strength of reinforcing steel
s
where:
ϕ  0.75 shear strength reduction factor per ACI 318-08

ϕVn  84 kip

Since the shear capacity of the beam (84 kips) is less than the target shear capacity (115 kips), the
existing beam does not have adequate capacity to resist the anticipated shear load.

2. Calculate effective strain in composite layers

Note for this example a U-wrap will be used due to the presence of the slab. For a
completely wrapped member the effective strain can be taken as ( 0.004  0.75 εfu)

Effective strain for U-wrap, εfe

εfe  κv εfu  0.004

Bond reduction coefficient, κv

k1 k2 L e
κv 
468 εfu

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2500
Le 
n tf Ef 0.58
2
3
 f'c 
k1   
 4000 

dfv  L e
k2 
dfv

Note that the factors Le and k2 are dependent upon the number of layers of composite, n.

An arbitrary number of layers can be selected and the shear capacity added by the FRP can be
calculated. Try using 3 layers of FRP.

Using 3 layers, the following parameters are found:

L e  1.308

k1  0.825

k2  0.952

κv  0.1  0.75

The effective strain of the FRP can be found:

εfe  κv εfu  0.002 0  0.004

3. Calculate the shear strength of the FRP reinforced beam

The shear strength added by the FRP shear reinforcement is given by:

Afv ffe ( sin ( α)  cos ( α) ) dfv

Vf 
sf

Area of FRP shear reinforcement, Afv

Afv  2 n tf wf

Where:
wf  54in (Width of SEH-51A)

dfv  27in

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This example will use complete coverage, and thus sf  54in

The effective stress of the FRP can be found using the effective strain
ffe  εfe E f  6672 psi

The shear strength of the FRP can be calculated:

Afv ffe ( sin ( α)  cos ( α) ) dfv

Vf   54 kip
sf

Check the total shear strength provided by FRP and steel reinforcement:

Vs  Vf  8 f'cbw d

89kip  307kip OK

The shear strength of the FRP reinforced beam is given by the following equation:


ϕVn  ϕ Vc  Vs  Ψf Vf 
where:
Ψf  0.85

The factored shear capacity of the beam is


ϕVn  ϕ Vc  Vs  Ψf Vf  118 kip 
4. Conclusions

Since the factored shear strength of the FRP reinforced beam (118 kip) is larger than the demand
(115 kip), the beam has sufficient shear strength. 3 layers of SEH-51A is required to add the
additional shear capacity needed. No iteration is necessary. Note if the shear capacity of the FRP
reinforced beam is not sufficient, add additional layer(s) and repeat steps 2-4 as necessary.

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Slab Flexural Design Example

Due to the rehabilitation of an existing building, the slab shown in Figure A2-1 is required to resist a
factored dead and live load moment of 25 ft-kip due to additional intermittent live load. Using FRP
material, provide additional moment capacity. The existing dead load moment in the slab is 7 ft-kip.

12”

d = 9.3”
11.5”

#5 @ 12” o.c.
Figure A2-1. Slab Section

Slab dimensions
b  12in assumed effective slab width

h  11.5in slab depth

d  9.3in depth of reinforcing steel

2
As  0.31in (per foot) reinforcing Steel (#5 @ 12'' o.c.)

As
ρ   0.002 reinforcing ratio
hb

Material properties

f'c  3000psi specified concrete strength

E c  57 3000 ksi  3122 ksi elastic modulus of concrete

fy  60ksi specified steel yield stress

E s  29000ksi elastic modulus of steel

Material properties of Tyfo SCH-41 System

To account for the effect of exposure to the environment during the life of the structure, the
"Typical Test Values" for the composites are modified by the Environmental Durability Factor CE to

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obtain the "Design Test Values" that are used in design. If we use carbon Tyfo SCH-41 Fibrwrap
System, the Environmental Durability Factor is equal to 0.85. For Tyfo SCH-41:

CE  0.85 environmental reduction factor for carbon

Ultimate tensile strength

ff  143ksi typical test value of ultimate tensile strength

fu  CE ff  121.55 ksi design ultimate tensile strength

Elastic modulus, E f

E G  13900ksi typical test value of elastic modulus

E f  CE EG  11815 ksi design elastic modulus

Ultimate strain, εfu

fu
εfu   0.01 ultimate strain of fiberwrap
Ef

tf  0.04in thickness per layer

wf  6in width of fabric (50 % coverage will be used)

1. Calculate moment capacity of existing slab section without fiberwrap

0.85fc ’ab
a

A sfy

Figure A2-2. Equilibrium in the Slab at Ultimate State (Without Composite Layer)

The moment capacity is calculated using the following equation:

Mn  As fy  d  
a
 2
Where:
a = Depth of Concrete Compressive Stress Block
As fy
a   0.608 in
0.85f'c b

Thus:

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Mn  As fy  d    13.9 ft·kip
a
 2
ϕMn  ( 0.9 ) Mn  12.5 ft kip < 25 ft-kip

Therefore, the existing slab does not have adequate capacity to resist the anticipated moment.

2. Calculate strains under existing loads

The composite material will be applied to the slab while it is still subjected to the existing dead loads.
Thus, the strain at the bottom of the slab due to the existing loads needs to be calculated. This existing
strain will be subtracted from the strain at the bottom of the slab at ultimate loads to obtain the effective
strain in the composite material.

MD  7ft kip existing dead load moment

Es
nr   9.3 modular ratio
Ec

4
Icr  163.7in cracked moment of inertia

The depth of uncracked concrete (neutral axis depth) is given by:

k  2ρ nr  ρ nr  2  ρ nr  0.184
The initial strain can be calculated:

MD ( h  k d)
εbi   0.0016 initial strain in slab
Icr E c

3. Calculate moment capacity provided by an arbitrary number of layers

An arbitrary number of layers may be chosen and the corresponding moment capacity can be found.

n  2 number of layers to be used

The effective strain must be calculated from the following

h  c
εfe  .003  ε ε effective strain in fiberwrap
 c  bi fd
where:

f'c
εfd  0.083  0.9εfu strain at which crack-induced bonding occurs
n tf E f

εfd  0.005

A guess for the neutral axis depth can be made an iterated as necessary

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c  1.582in initial guess for neutral axis depth (note this has
already been refined)
 h  c   ε  0.017
εfe  0.003  
 c  bi
therefore
εfe  0.005

now the moment capacity of the fiberwrap can be calculated:

 β1 c 
ϕMnf  ϕ Af ffe  h  
 2 
where:
2
Af  n wf tf  0.48 in area of fiberwrap

ffe  0.85E f εfe  47 ksi effective stress of fiberwrap

β1  0.85 stress block parameter

calculate the neutral depth axis (note after calculating the neutral axis depth, refine the initial guess from
above)

As fy  Af ffe
c   1.582 in
 
.85 f'c β1 b

the flexural reduction factor can be calculated from the level of strain in the steel

( d  c)

εs  εfe  εbi  ( h  c)  0.005

ϕ  0.90 if εs  0.005


0.25 εs  0.002  flexural reduction factor per ACI
0.65  if 0.002  εs  0.005 318-08
0.005  0.002
0.65 otherwise

ϕ  0.9

 β1 c 
ϕMf  ϕ Af ffe  h    18.1 ft kip
 2 

The total moment capacity of the fiberwrap reinforced slab can be calculated from the following:

  β1 c   β1 c 
ϕMn  ϕ As fy  d    Af ffe h    30 ft kip
  2   2 

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4. Conclusions
The factored flexural capacity of the fiberwrap reinforced beam (30 ft-kip) is greater than the demand
(25 ft-kip). Therefore two layers of the Tyfo SCH-41 System, 12" wide at 24" on center, applied to the
bottom of the full span of the slab increases the moment capacity to the target.

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In Plane Wall Shear Design Example

Provide additional shear strength capacity of 3 kip per linear foot to the existing reinforced concrete
walls.

Existing wall properties

lw  12in one foot unit wall length used for calculations

tw  8in wall thickness

Properties of Tyfo SEH-51A System

CE  0.8 environmental reduction factor for glass

Elastic modulus, E f

E G  3790ksi typical test value of elastic modulus

E f  CE EG  3032 ksi design elastic modulus

Ultimate strain, εfu

εfu  0.0015 design strain used for one sided applications

Ultimate tensile strength

fu  εfu Ef  4.5 ksi design ultimate tensile strength

tf  0.05in thickness per layer

1. Calculate shear contribution from two layers of fiberwrap

   
ϕV  ϕ 0.75 tf ff lw sin θ
2

where:
ϕ  0.75 shear reduction factor
k  0.75 efficiency factor for one side bonding to a wall

Shear enhancement provided by two layers of the Tyfo SEH 51A System.
ϕV  ( 0.75 ) ( 0.75 ) ( 4.55ksi) 0.05in ( 2) ( 12in) ( 1)  3.1 kip per foot of wall.

2. Conclusions
The application of two layers of the Tyfo SEH-51A System to the existing concrete walls will provide an
additional shear capacity of approximately 3.1 kips per foot of wall length. This design does not take into
account any openings in the walls or out-of-plane requirements. When increasing the shear capacity of a
structural member, potential failure modes such as sliding shear, flexural failure or compression failure also
should be considered to ensure that the additional shear can be developed.

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Connections to the adjacent elements (e.g. diaphragms and foundations) should be analyzed by the
engineer. The Tyfo BC System can be designed to transfer these forces between adjacent elements.
Contact Fyfe Co. LLC engineer for more information.

The Tyfo SEH-51A System should be carried around any wall ends or into window/door jambs whenever
possible. See Appendix B for typical details.

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TYPICAL COLUMN DETAILS

Note: Type of material and design thickness will vary based on individual project requirements.

APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE

TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM,
ORIENTED HORIZONTALLY
0-1/2" GAP, TYP.
A
-

0-1/2" BUTT
SPLICE, TYP.

PRIMARY FIBER
DIRECTION, TYP.

APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE

6" MIN. OVERLAP,
TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM,
TYP. U.N.O
ORIENTED HORIZONTALLY

0-1/2" GAP, TYP.

Section
N.T.S.
ROUND CORNERS TO
3/4" MIN. RADIUS, TYP.

Typical Rectangular Column Elevation

Not to Scale

6" MIN. OVERLAP,

TYP. U.N.O.
0-1/2" GAP, TYP.
B
-

0-1/2" BUTT
SPLICE, TYP.

PRIMARY FIBER
DIRECTION, TYP.

APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE

TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM,
ORIENTED HORIZONTALLY

Section
0-1/2" GAP, TYP.
N.T.S. APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE
TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM,
ORIENTED HORIZONTALLY

Typical Circular Column Elevation

Not to Scale

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TYPICAL BEAM SHEAR DETAILS

Note: Type of material and design thickness will vary based on individual project requirements.

APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE

TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM, 12" WIDE @ 18" O.C., A (E) SLAB
ORIENTED VERTICALLY, TYP. -

12" WIDE 18" O.C. PRIMARY FIBER

0-1/2" GAP, TYP.
DIRECTION, TYP.

(E) COLUMN

Beam Elevation
Not to Scale

APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE A (E) SLAB

TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM, FULL COVERAGE, -
ORIENTED VERTICALLY, TYP.

PRIMARY FIBER 0-1/2" GAP, TYP.

0-1/2" BUTT
DIRECTION, TYP.
SPLICE, TYP.
(E) COLUMN

Beam Elevation
Not to Scale

(E) SLAB

APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE

TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM,
0-1/2" GAP, TYP. ORIENTED VERTICALLY,
TYP.

(E) BEAM

ROUND CORNERS TO
1/2" MIN. RADIUS, TYP.

Section
N.T.S.

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TYPICAL BEAM FLEXURE DETAILS

Note: Type of material and design thickness will vary based on individual project requirements.

A (E) SLAB
(E) BEAM
-

APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE 0-1/2" GAP,

TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM, TYP.
(E) COLUMN
ORIENTED LONGITUDINALLY, TYP.

Beam Elevation
Not to Scale

B PRIMARY FIBER (E) SLAB

(E) BEAM
- DIRECTION, TYP.

0-1/2" GAP,
APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE TYP.
TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM, (E) COLUMN
ORIENTED LONGITUDINALLY, TYP.

Beam Elevation
Not to Scale

(E) SLAB (E) SLAB

(E) BEAM (E) BEAM

4" TYP.

APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE ROUND CORNERS TO

TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM, 1/2" MIN. RADIUS, TYP. APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE
ORIENTED LONGITUDINALLY, TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM,
TYP. ORIENTED LONGITUDINALLY,
Section Section TYP.
N.T.S. N.T.S.

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TWO-WAY SLAB POSITIVE MOMENT DETAILS

Note: Type of material and design thickness will vary based on individual project requirements.

PRIMARY FIBER
DIRECTION, TYP.

APPLY 1 LAYER OF THE

L TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM,
12" WIDE @ 24" O.C. TYP.
(E-W DIRECTION)

A
-

APPLY 1 LAYER OF THE

TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM,
12" WIDE @ 24" O.C. TYP.
(N-S DIRECTION)

Slab Plan (Bottom of Slab)

Not to Scale

APPLY 1 LAYER OF THE

TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM,
12" WIDE @ 24" O.C. TYP.
(E-W DIRECTION)

APPLY 1 LAYER OF THE

TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM,
12" WIDE @ 24" O.C. TYP.
(N-S DIRECTION) Section
N.T.S.

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SHEAR WALL DETAILS

Note: Type of material and design thickness will vary based on individual project requirements.

PRIMARY FIBER A
DIRECTION, TYP. -

APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE

TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM,
ORIENTED HORIZONTALLY

ROUND CORNERS TO
Wall Elevation (E) WALL
3/4" MIN. RADIUS, TYP.
Not to Scale

Wall Plan (k = 2.0)

6" MIN. APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE
Not to Scale
U.N.O. TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM,
ORIENTED HORIZONTALLY

(E) WALL

6" TYP. 6" TYP.

ROUND CORNERS TO
3/4" MIN. RADIUS, TYP.
0-1/2" GAP, TYP.

(E) WALL
Wall Plan (k = 1.0)
Not to Scale
APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE
0-1/2" BUTT TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM,
SPLICE, TYP. ORIENTED HORIZONTALLY
(E) WALL

APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE Wall Plan (k = 0.75)

TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM, Not to Scale
ORIENTED HORIZONTALLY APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE
TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM,
ORIENTED HORIZONTALLY
(E) WALL

0-1/2" GAP, TYP.

Wall Plan (k = 0.75)

TYFO SEH Not to Scale
COMPOSITE APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE
ANCHORS AT 12" TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM,
ON CENTER. ORIENTED HORIZONTALLY
Section Note: TYFO ANCHORS IMPROVE THE
N.T.S. PERFORMANCE OF THE RETROFIT, BUT WE STILL
SUGGEST k=0.75

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OUT-OF-PLANE WALL DETAILS

Note: Type of material and design thickness will vary based on individual project requirements.

A
-
24" O.C. 12" WIDE APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE
TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM,
12" WIDE @ 24" O.C.,
ORIENTED VERTICALLY,
TYP.

L/3

Existing
Opening

L/3

APPLY 1 LAYER OF THE

TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM, 6" WIDE
ORIENTED HORIZONTALLY, TYP.

PRIMARY FIBER
DIRECTION, TYP.

Wall Elevation
Not to Scale

0-1/2" GAP,
TYP.

L/3 APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE TYFO

SCH-41 SYSTEM, 12" WIDE @ 24"
O.C., ORIENTED VERTICALLY, TYP.
(BOTH SIDES FOR REVERSIBLE
LOADS)

APPLY 1 LAYER OF THE

L TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM, 6" WIDE
ORIENTED HORIZONTALLY, TYP.

APPLY 1 LAYER OF THE

TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM, 6" WIDE
L/3 ORIENTED HORIZONTALLY, TYP.

0-1/2" GAP,
TYP.

0-1/2" GAP,
TYP.

Section
N.T.S.

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TYPICAL ANCHOR DETAILS

Note: Type of material and design thickness will vary based on individual project requirements.

TYFO SEH COMPOSITE TYFO SEH COMPOSITE TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM

TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM ANCHOR DIRECTIONAL PATCH ORIENTED
ANCHOR MULTI-AXIAL PATCH, ORIENTED
SPLAY SPLAY HORIZONTALLY
VERTICALLY OVER ANCHOR
OVER ANCHOR

APPLY 1 LAYER OF THE APPLY 1 LAYER OF THE

TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM, TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM,
ORIENTED HORIZONTALLY ORIENTED VERTICALLY

NOTE: SLAB ABOVE NOT

SHOWN FOR CLARITY

Mult-Axial Splay Anchor - Isometric Directional Splay Anchor - Isometric

N.T.S. N.T.S.

(E) SLAB

2" MIN. 0"-1/2" GAP TYP. 1" TYP.

EMBEDMENT

TYFO SEH COMPOSITE

TYFO SEH COMPOSITE ANCHOR (DIRECTIONAL 2" MIN.
ANCHOR (MULTI-AXIAL SPLAY) EMBEDMENT
3" SPLAY TYP.
SPLAY)

TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM

TYFO SEH-51A 3" SPLAY TYP. PATCH ORIENTED
SYSTEM PATCH HORIZONTALLY OVER
ORIENTED ANCHOR
VERTICALLY OVER
ANCHOR

1ST LAYER OF THE 1ST LAYER OF THE

TYFO SEH-51A TYFO SEH-51A
SYSTEM ORIENTED SYSTEM ORIENTED
HORIZONTALLY VERTICALLY

TYPICAL SECTION TYPICAL SECTION

N.T.S. N.T.S.

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TYPICAL BOUNDARY ELEMENT CONFINEMENT DETAIL

Note: Type of material and design thickness will vary based on individual project requirements.

REQUIRED LAYERS OF (E) BOUNDARY

TYFO FIBRWRAP COMPOSITE ELEMENT

3/4" MIN. RADIUS AT

CORNERS, TYP.

REQUIRED LAYERS OF
TYFO FIBRWRAP
COMPOSITE

TYFO FIBRWRAP ANCHOR TO

DEVELOP TENSILE LOAD AND
CONFINE BOUNDARY ELEMENT (E) SHEAR
WALL

A
-

Section
N.T.S.

(E) BOUNDARY
ELEMENT
(E) SHEAR
WALL

(E) SHEAR
TYFO FIBRWRAP ANCHOR WALL
TO DEVELOP TENSILE LOAD
AND CONFINE BOUNDARY
ELEMENT

TYFO FIBRWRAP ANCHOR

TO DEVELOP TENSILE LOAD
AND CONFINE BOUNDARY
ELEMENT

REQUIRED LAYERS OF
Boundary Element Elevation TYFO FIBRWRAP
COMPOSITE
N.T.S.

Isometric View
N.T.S.

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SHAPED COLUMNS DETAILS

COLUMNS WITH RE-ENTRAINT CORNERS
Note: Type of material and design thickness will vary based on individual project requirements.

(E) CONCRETE BEAM

1 LAYER OF THE TYFO
SEH-51A SYSTEM (8" WIDE)
TOP
OF AT INTERIOR ANGLES OF
COL COLUMN, ORIENTED
UMN
VERTICALLY

A BETWEEN HOLES
-
0" TO 1/2" GAP

2" FROM TOP

OF COLUMN
2 LAYERS OF THE

1/2" BETWEEN EDGE OF HOLES

TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM
BETWEEN HOLES
PRIMARY FIBER
DIRECTION

4" O.C. TYP.

1 LAYER OF THE TYFO
SEH-51A SYSTEM (8" WIDE)
AT INTERIOR ANGLES OF FIBRWRAP
COLUMN, ORIENTED COMPOSITE ANCHOR AT
VERTICALLY INTERIOR ANGLES OF
COLUMN BETWEEN 1ST &
FIBRWRAP 2ND LAYERS OF CFRP; 3/4"
COMPOSITE ANCHOR AT
INTERIOR ANGLES OF
COLUMN BETWEEN 1ST &
2ND LAYERS OF CFRP; 3/4"
2 LAYERS OF THE
TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM
0" TO 1/2" BUTT
SPLICE, TYP.

0" TO 1/2" GAP

Section
N.T.S.

Shaped Column USE THICKENED EPOXY

TO ACHIEVE A 1/2" RADIUS
N.T.S.
AT THE RE-ENTRANT CORNER

SEE DETAIL 1

L1 1 LAYER OF THE TYFO

SEH-51A SYSTEM (8" WIDE) AT
L2 INTERIOR ANGLES OF
COLUMN, ORIENTED
VERTICALLY

3/4" MIN. RADIUS

AT CORNERS, TYP.

2 LAYERS OF THE TYFO

SCH-41 SYSTEM

FIBRWRAP
L1

L2

COMPOSITE ANCHOR AT
INTERIOR ANGLES OF
COLUMN BETWEEN 1ST &
2ND LAYERS OF CFRP; 3/4"

B Detail
- N.T.S.

P.
5" TY

Section
N.T.S.
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BEAM SHEAR ANCHOR DETAILS

Note: Type of material and design thickness will vary based on individual project requirements.

TYFO SEH COMPOSITE ANCHOR

(E) BEAM A ( 1/4" DIA. WITH 3" EMBEDMENT
- @12" O.C. TYP.)

APPLY 2 LAYERS OF
THE TYFO SEH-51A
SYSTEM ORIENTED
0-1/2" BUTT
VERTICALLY
SPLICE, TYP.

(E) BEAM B
TYFO SCH COMPOSITE
- ANCHOR ( 1/2" DIA.)

APPLY 2 LAYERS OF
THE TYFO SEH-51A
SYSTEM ORIENTED
VERTICALLY

ROUND CORNERS TO
1/2" MIN. RADIUS TYP.

H/2
TYFO SEH COMPOSITE TYFO SCH COMPOSITE
ANCHOR (1/4" DIA. WITH H ANCHOR (1/2" DIA.)
3" EMBEDMENT)

2 LAYERS OF THE
ROUND CORNERS TO ROUND CORNERS TO
TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM 2 LAYERS OF THE
1/2" MIN. RADIUS, TYP. 1/2" MIN. RADIUS, TYP.
ORITENTED VERTICALLY TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM
ORITENTED VERTICALLY
Section Section
N.T.S. N.T.S.

DESIGN NOTE: TESTING HAS SHOWN THAT IN SOME CASES DESIGN NOTE: THIS ANCHORAGE CONFIGURATION AND
THIS ANCHORAGE CONFIGURATION CAN ALLOW A SERVICE DETAIL WOULD ALLOW FOR A SERVICE STRAIN ASSUMPTION
STRAIN IN FIBERWRAP OF UP TO 0.004 IN/IN. THE ASPECT IN THE FIBERWRAP OF 0.004 IN/IN FOR NEARLY ALL CASES.
RATIO OF THE BEAM, THE AMOUNT OF REQUIRED SHEAR PERMANENT, SUSTAINED LOADS MAY REQUIRE A MORE
STRENGTH AND THE DURATION OF THE LOADING WILL CONSERVATIVE APPROACH.
AFFECT THIS ASSUMPTION.

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BEAM FLEXURE ANCHOR DETAILS

Note: Type of material and design thickness will vary based on individual project requirements.

3/4" DIA. TYFO SEH

COMPOSITE ANCHOR
A
(DIRECTIONAL SPLAY)
AT EACH END -

APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE TYFO

SCH-41 SYSTEM, 12" WIDE, B
ORIENTED LONGITUDINALLY, TYP. -

3/4" DIA. TYFO SEH COMPOSITE

C
ANCHOR (DIRECTIONAL SPLAY)
-
AT EACH END

APPLY 2 LAYERS OF THE TYFO

D
SCH-41 SYSTEM, 12" WIDE,
ORIENTED LONGITUDINALLY, TYP. -

TYFO SEH COMPOSITE

ANCHOR (3/4" DIA. WITH
3" EMBEDMENT)

2 LAYERS OF THE
TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM 2 LAYERS OF THE
ORIENTED LONGITUDINALLY TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM
ORIENTED LONGITUDINALLY

TYFO SEH COMPOSITE

ANCHOR (3/4" DIA. WITH
3" EMBEDMENT)

Section Section
N.T.S. N.T.S.

2 LAYERS OF THE
TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM
ORIENTED VERTICALLY

TYFO SEH COMPOSITE

ANCHOR (3/4" DIA. WITH
3" EMBEDMENT)

2 LAYERS OF THE
TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM 2 LAYERS OF THE
ORIENTED VERTICALLY TYFO SCH-41 SYSTEM
ORIENTED LONGITUDINALLY

TYFO SEH COMPOSITE

ROUND CORNERS TO
ANCHOR (3/4" DIA. WITH
1/2" MIN. RADIUS, TYP.
3" EMBEDMENT)
Section Section
N.T.S. N.T.S.

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SHEAR WALL ANCHOR DETAILS

Note: Type of material and design thickness will vary based on individual project requirements.

PRIMARY FIBER
DIRECTION, TYP.
TYFO FIBRWRAP SYSTEM
FOR TRIM REINFORCEMENT

TYFO SEH COMPOSITE

ANCHOR (1/4" DIA. WITH 3"
EMBEDMENT @ 12" O.C.)
0-1/2" GAP, TYP.

TYFO SEH-51A SYSTEM

ORIENTED HORIZONTALLY

A
-

0-1/2" BUTT
SPLICE, TYP.

0-1/2" GAP, TYP.

(E) OPENING

4" MIN. RETURN AT WALL ENDS OR OPENINGS

WILL PROVIDE SUFFICIENT ANCHORAGE
ROUND CORNERS TO
1/2" MIN. RADIUS, TYP.

TYFO FIBRWRAP SYSTEM TYFO SEH COMPOSITE ANCHOR

ORIENTED HORIZONTALLY (1/4" DIA. WITH 3" EMBEDMENT)

(E) OPENING

TYFO FIBRWRAP SYSTEM

ORIENTED VERTICALLY FOR
TRIM REINFORCEMENT

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IN-PLANE WALL FLEXURAL ENHANCEMENT WITH TENSION

TRANSFER THROUGH SLAB
Note: Type of material and design thickness will vary based on individual project requirements.

0"-1/2" GAP, TYP. ROOF SLAB 0"-1/2" GAP, TYP.

ROOF

2- LAYERS OF THE TYFO

SCH-41 SYSTEM (12" WIDE, L/2 - TO - L/3
ONE SIDE OF WALL), TYP.

FLOOR SLAB

2- 3/4" DIAMETER x 32"

LONG TYFO SCH COMPOSITE
TYFO SCH COMPOSITE
ANCHOR, TYP.
A ANCHOR (3/4" DIAMETER)
-
SEE DETAIL 1 1" DIAMETER DRILLED
LEVEL 2

PRIMARY FIBER
DIRECTION, TYP. L

B
CONC. SLAB
-

LEVEL 1
Detail
N.T.S.

Wall Elevation
N.T.S.

TWO LAYERS OF THE TYFO

SCH-41 SYSTEM (12" WIDE,
ONE SIDE OF WALL), TYP.

L (E) 6" THICK SLAB

TWO LAYERS OF THE TYFO
SCH-41 SYSTEM (12" WIDE,
ONE SIDE OF WALL), TYP.

1" DIA. HOLE

THICKENED TYFO S EPOXY

(E) CONC. WAL

3/4" DIAMETER TYFO SCH
Ld

COMPOSITE ANCHOR

Section Section
N.T.S. N.T.S.

 Copyright 2011 Fyfe Co. LLC. 10-11 Reproduction by written permission from Fyfe Co. LLC only. All rights reserved.
Tyfo and Fibrwrap are registered trademarks for the products of Fyfe Co. LLC
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Fyfe Company LLC Tyfo Fibrwrap Design Manual Property of Fyfe Company LLC

COMPOSITE ANCHOR DETAILS FOR SHEAR TRANSFER AT

WALL / SLAB INTERFACE
Note: Type of material and design thickness will vary based on individual project requirements.

(E) WALL TYFO FIBRWRAP COMPOSITE

ANCHOR (MULTI-AXIAL SPLAY)

TYFO BC SYSTEM

(E) SLAB

2-1/2" MIN. RADIUS OF

THICKENED TYFO EPOXY

Wall / Slab Transfer (Multi-Axial Anchor Splay)

N.T.S.

A
(E) WALL -

TYFO FIBRWRAP COMPOSITE TYFO BC SYSTEM

ANCHOR (MULTI-AXIAL SPLAY)
TYFO BC SYSTEM

Wall / Slab Transfer Plan (Multi-Axial Anchor Splay)

TYFO FIBRWRAP COMPOSITE N.T.S.
ANCHOR (MULTI-AXIAL SPLAY)

8" MIN. 2-1/2" MIN. RADIUS OF

TYP. THICKENED TYFO EPOXY

8" MIN.
(E) SLAB
TYP.

(E) WALL DESIGN NOTE: THIS CONFIGURATION HAS BEEN PROOF

TESTED AND SHOWN TO PROVIDE AN ALLOWABLE DESIGN
OF 7 KIPS PER LINEAL FOOT OF SHEAR TRANSFER.

Section
N.T.S.

 Copyright 2011 Fyfe Co. LLC. 10-11 Reproduction by written permission from Fyfe Co. LLC only. All rights reserved.
Tyfo and Fibrwrap are registered trademarks for the products of Fyfe Co. LLC
73
Fyfe Company LLC Tyfo Fibrwrap Design Manual Property of Fyfe Company LLC

COMPOSITE ANCHOR DETAILS FOR SHEAR TRANSFER AT

WALL PANEL CONNECTION
Note: Type of material and design thickness will vary based on individual project requirements.

25" MIN.
TYFO BC SYSTEM
TYP.
(E) WALL PANEL

12" O.C.

A
-

(E) GAP BETWEEN WALL PANELS TYFO FIBRWRAP COMPOSITE ANCHORS

FILLED WITH THICKENED EPOXY (MULTI-AXIAL SPLAY) @ 12" O.C., TYP.

Wall Panel Connection Elevation (Multi-Axial Anchor Splay)

N.T.S.

TYFO FIBRWRAP COMPOSITE FILL GAP WITH THICKENED

ANCHORS (MULTI-AXIAL SPLAY) TYFO EPOXY

TYFO BC SYSTEM
25" MIN.
TYP.

Section
N.T.S.

 Copyright 2011 Fyfe Co. LLC. 10-11 Reproduction by written permission from Fyfe Co. LLC only. All rights reserved.
Tyfo and Fibrwrap are registered trademarks for the products of Fyfe Co. LLC
74