Quick Foe k wer line + Cutting plane lye Obyeet cenke lime + enlemion UNe qs. Thak aime ot pek™ extension bine and visible Une oe BH omt extend Zn HO Lhe oulermosh Benim we g Conke Lanes many be used ex) even Linas Dor ever shes Should 90 be broken while, om fpe cvele = a Extensa? re Oo ually drawn perpendieulac bo dirvensio? net here phere 8 pvererocedin | ext ensio? Una M4 be drown ar On oblique ongleDimension Line rps Une. 1 Dimenton Ue 4 chould be. Varm appronicnad ely do mm ue Prom Hee visble lne » te The spam be hw e oe Conse eachve- poclte| dimension lines rey —alte RO eee allow 4 Dinrensiwn tne ae brelen i space for wanking dgan the number a TP ihe space bowen she exlesion UO i doo small dameeton Lines MY te ee culetde, the enkywwon UNE * sb o The rr Dimorwening mest net be ie inde fhe Vier a cll > 4g erosion we FF lorge- gr dinrenow ATE overerowded by sheagered dim evvioning a prefered per op alines dames ort. pone re pnt ww} de wed ae denne Une . Qines vse} nak a Iynenionig tre 7 Je done. eacten: B ole The shores SoeRake raurt \, vert he divers coke Obyeek tne. wed cbsed fo Hee 48 Yoduble — arrocs head —_—_——_ 8 aa poking a) recent direction Wwhowr | dinwwe uv jo low ) Ye be a ow ~ 3 your Geneol rule of denensoneg (© Dim ensi Seen 9 arr (9) Dimensiooin Ne dernensioning should Megs, vey (3) Dimension: Qubhoeton oe addihen \ocote foobee insorled colakvely org er Prat defne @P Dm ensonsrg View should should be ghomd be gen belweor the vrews vol be duplicated in, other he avside 30 cone seh & Cf 5 reqeurenl FP ~ he pate Dir cleor - bn One yee oP dimen either BS ares hos fo be tused Prrowghat ye bidder yer should be avoded mous this, 4 cechona! 2”eben art tech th techn ras be uel place dirnenvo% @ oe) should — be rade 2 the wees ach roptarn the. shape of the park bet 4s ita) clienensienin 3 uth centre nes. are nob newest ty ied Lines Dols ond Dent dimensions extension. Liner Jimnensio? usth do 3. One con plore Jo such Case, zy. Do not place rdevsion Lines a Extension Line mo gress cael other vfo % break The woh abe cross olyeet ines wotict a drone Gps cess aroun eadt xe re exten 2° doe A] orinchede, & breve mag he or dean low, pe mb & ) | [—. corr eeSed tse 77 Proeedon is the process be wheb He reas of Sigh Yahen in & parkreutar drechor wm the sbyet Byes an image oP a plone nou os the plane of pryechon ow prckwe plane. 7 Imege on pas »p he Mees. Ortho graphic pryech> 6 Rasp of sight L plore of pach. 4 Th orthegrophe preety Lhe oberver shank PT wes a thak the Coupe ok bhe sigh} op pes fo be porate [ hr orfoo reo healy “1 The perpendicalars und b rr ortho grap lee pgecdn are cold proyectos Giuhen © view f genes anes, perperrdeuta-s Bonn. oS Fhe object fo toe prtere. a) be por willed or Phograp Ves . plows ,* ° Oblique prye how a fog not ger pense tas b ple of preehn :Cia. + ys Three plane considered 0 abageye Dontal % pr hla projec hor —. berzonlal, say None, ave + p - cua do «an 9 vble—eiet each aaradont ® called angle f ean Ast Qo aed angle ace oonsidered Lo pe : Tega zed que ie og gem 0 au tp (ee oo Pe ( Fg 3.4 bob) _ zo 4o mm ] Speeey beween Views '. 8 "tet | she we coroners de ended a cas i s aved possibly waco \ ate shee cob Lanes +® round oxkrmal Enno - psa hy A apyenny » a _ Wied cog Le poaerha agenel . a Seehonal views are needed }o ord canhuiory created by excessive hidden Une: “a A sechond View * son ae Ye IMnogirny cutting. plone smoug) | an oleh ak night fo the dinekon sigut args % ‘Pidden bre and delat, bend Hae cobkivy plone bene ave uscially avoided Unley trey ore eroakal 7° closihy Ge Aiewensenirg1 A ching, 9 eshioh Sex hon lines nA alone line \s ine represenls the plane. elon objet ts Cet sp , & Se - C a Me oe nT a 4 Seeton-tinng ole raed Yo 0 cae chehbing. Porpese a idenhRy the sundeck thar how been ck Lypelsretty ee a clerhyng ~ bead rhage ob objee* eM patent ol wok a Thu > a7 the bneo Dreen of ase’ mej hr Ag Spoang Sn ee per or perpeud du ene bY comecstive ins 8 43mm Tp sertion nes It penne ee) fee a po Hee ay mite be chosen. 2 Lirmensiams — becernen eneukeh io south ORT Sechnal Unt can be wan HedType of ech nes © Full cecjon When 4 eubin plone: passes Hough the entire, objet, a Bll ceetion rd oddone Ve straws ht or me4 Cutting, plone line M24 change direckon cShile. passing other yp? “ Broken out Seehory 4 Rotated [rewlved serhon , ® YalP secre A Rereved per ove a Prsen bly reed Sheough obyet tuk DP secdow Tmagniay Veew ~ adtawn -? o brd wes. ee ae in nbs on Gebs re Cross ~hatehin a@ uw wee J ~ Yruttue pach even wan = @ cathe glere poset ongy he devatdas ees lee ore eb. YBHorever » cuts plane fh Lhrough mb, oe elegy tei OdY number of cs A. spol: 7 Hey J re NOT seckioned : Lugs , agen ou Thee aren't See pa 5 pred a Hy ave nob Hronttorsely pose le. nn GetAuxios Views, Why thew are Neaenary’ # In morynal on thyer ie. proguekion , dm he view? of on inalined Se . ra by, oO nna ‘no no be cabhics % nh Pea Fares oh He inelinad cohen Tuc cole Coneplierhiont in the drausing. end pote Ara ier view i; A 8 Tmege Loree d o mally plone & pron RP a 6 Auxilory : giant é piel iN ineloed ude ; Tr aunilingy Vr hyaden bow are ussobly . cuolad Gros\os Peak os a fp Norrnet or hegs ope ww of orvbned su bes (would Teyre us to draw ellipse wheal evel - hove hem, adden Une br 0 crete uted be drow +| | | 4 Predostal view is a 4 3-D deawin: wohch ts ‘uced oy visualize” objec in one wees. “a Used by people that acen'+ wail that tromead I" read” opthegrap hie drawings . | ee (B emabe © Pos pectve- ® Ao xonometne Obinue . i | | | Gormehe_pryer to" fesring esreekienl_ poregie he" Vee fop sucteee eh the cube mabe 4 slpe of ae then the Non nee i the «age | on, on and 0% oo The ee eogrue. 20" ~ | Ve projector plane + | oer [deme Lebveen Ssomednic | “HARP ON comme tre ‘esa I's mine draunmg _» drousio A900 y- ste . |4 Teoma a prjectn i oo( 35" ei!) = pore se drown | om. i i | i | | 18 | age: Fhe J. jsometre OF + ee axe is called Jp womelne > line Fs Ra i a Any line not poralle} iopede Une - Bus of the isompadc of the » > are he plane a\\ plone parallel tae on Usomnet> planer } iand Men hed | bruvgsd unk on He | Reulolaed eaptty prem a one Pais poshos s Dora prgeth . Stop. b mabe. “ tsorne ee yrtea sped Redman these Legh 4) An Bommel parele © breadth ca Path Mean! do these!m Jes (01, 02) as shown in Figure 6.1 cation, the to angles (Oy 02) igure 6.10 are kept equal and may be \ po of and 45 eae While in the trimetric projection the angles (01, 02) are dtc Sr ehem is less than 90° but neither angle is O°. The comparisons of the isometric, an et ofaric projections have been shown in Figure 6.10. eet = 8-6 (+ 8p? 6 oe Oso sas? cles ae Oo eet poi Projection (b) Dimetric Projection (©) Trimetric Projection ¢ Figure 6.10: Types of Axonometric Projection 45Making Isometric View A simplified procedure is provided below to draw an isometic view from the orthographic Aecton. In Figure 6.11, the orthographic projection of an object is given from where an wom view will be drawn. The steps as mentioned below are to be followed in order to make the isometric view. (a) An isometric parallelepiped is drawn (Figure 6.12) in such a way that the length (1), breadth (@) and height (h) of the parallelepiped are respectively equal to those of the orthographic projection (Figure 6.11). The lines will be very thin so that they can be erased easily when required. (2) Now the views are drawn on the respective side of the isometric parallelepiped keeping appropriate relationship with each other (Figure 6.13). In drawing views the unnecessary lines may be avoided otherwise, the drawing will be clumsy. The horizontal lines of the view willbe parallel to the isometric axes OB and OC while the vertical lines will be parallel to the isometric axis OA. Each line will be thin. 6) Next shifting of the necessary surfaces is made keeping conformity with the views. Surface a- b-c-d has been shifted to the new position a'-b'-c'd' and surface p-q-t-s has been shifted to the ew position p'-q-r'-s' (Figure 6.14). (4) The unnecessary lines are now erased and the isometric view is completed making the lines thick (Figure 6.15). (5) Finally from the generated isometric view the orthographic projection may be verified to confirm the drawing whether it has been done properly. a\! lw © The centre fs \otobed ot 0 ond tes “ ry pallet yo 2a ely ore drowre 1 ko pss Hhreagh . We centre . coh ek We linn and Bree ov din @ equal ® tee oP te BE ecu ae OD Line are drawn Hysotgs Ye mbtaphrton ohh ara: parallel bh Me ste A rhomby Apcd ® ParatedSe eee The cenke Lines ave crossed - The Rar avee delecmnine the. | mid ord ob the. arms ’e the rhnbe + are oe radi Tol, THO cere ere & radu NES MA coon are fas Gr (4! Tal ing ao con¥e . P ~ 8 a a po contre, SFE of y own: Tal aco Grout ser we we Ow yous PR oF ow AW wynecet® o J bes :| © Teomelne cree omuk have i Cont eis awd) be. prollel | aXe. - ae i ' Hl | || \ o | \ | | . : ‘ i ~ hae | rr | | / anke Line 2.(by Enlarged View at “A” (c) Use of Sematt Cereetar Do Figure 2.16: Dimensioning in Limited Space (a) Portion to be Enlarged 2.6 Dimensioning of Angles Dimensioning of angles has been presented in Figure 2.17. Here the dimension fine = the ax whose center is at the intersecting point of the two sides of the angle. The angle is wat horizontally. But in the aligned system for the large arc, it is made aligned with respect w te dimension arc. Dimensioning of angle as represented in Figure 2.17e is preferable to that i 2.17f. 65°6’ er. 30° \ oo ) © @ 1] a «> e Figure 2.17: Dimensioning of Angles 2.7 Dimensioning in Circular Features Dimensioning in the circular features for the diameters has been shown in Figures 2.18 and 219 recommended st and that for the radii is shown in Figure 2.20. In the two views drawing, it isx» sumenwonntg shoud be made onthe longitudinal view (Figure 2.19), Each center has been located 1 ener ‘as shown in the figure. | «) Figure 2.18: ar in Single Diameter 230, = M20 a “h | l 10. (a) o) Figure 2.19: Dimensioning in Multiple Diameters a RB @) (ec) Figure 2.20; Dimensioning in Radii