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PLL Dynamics

The document describes the dynamics of a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit. It shows that a PLL can be modeled as a second-order low-pass filter, with a natural frequency ω0 and damping factor ζ. These parameters determine the step response, with higher ζ providing faster settling and higher ω0 providing faster locking but more oscillation. Damping factor and natural frequency affect both the open-loop transfer function and closed-loop step response of the PLL.

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ramya sree
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22 views

PLL Dynamics

The document describes the dynamics of a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit. It shows that a PLL can be modeled as a second-order low-pass filter, with a natural frequency ω0 and damping factor ζ. These parameters determine the step response, with higher ζ providing faster settling and higher ω0 providing faster locking but more oscillation. Damping factor and natural frequency affect both the open-loop transfer function and closed-loop step response of the PLL.

Uploaded by

ramya sree
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lect.

23: PLL Dynamics

PLL Block Diagram

Linear Model
PD LPF VCO

Electronic Circuits 2 (09/1) W.-Y. Choi


Lect. 23: PLL Dynamics

Open loop gain:


ωp
G ( s ) = K PD KVCO
s( s + ω p )

Closed loop gain ωp


K PD KVCO
φout G (s) = s(s + ω p ) K PD KVCOω p
H ( s) = = = 2
φin 1 + G ( s ) 1 + K K ω p s + ω p s + K PD KVCOω p
s( s + ω p )
PD VCO

Î 2nd order LPF!

Electronic Circuits 2 (09/1) W.-Y. Choi


Lect. 23: PLL Dynamics

φout
H ( s) =
φout K PD KVCOω p φin
H (s) = = 2
φout s + ω p s + K PD KVCOω p

ω
Note that input and output are ‘phase’
phase .

What does ω mean in x-axis?

Electronic Circuits 2 (09/1) W.-Y. Choi


Lect. 23: PLL Dynamics

In LPF,

Vout
H ( s) =
Vin

LPF

Electronic Circuits 2 (09/1) W.-Y. Choi


Lect. 23: PLL Dynamics

In PLL,

Vin Vout

φout
H ( s) = t t
φin

Vin Vout

t
PLL t

Vin Vout
ω

t t

Electronic Circuits 2 (09/1) W.-Y. Choi


Lect. 23: PLL Dynamics

φout K PD KVCOω p
H (s) = = 2
φin s + ω p s + K PD KVCOω p

2nd order system


a2 s 2 + a1 s + a0
H ( s) = 2
s + (ω 0 / Q ) s + ω 02

ω0 = ωP K PD KVCO U ωn, natural


Use t l frequency
f ( n = ω0)
(ω

1 ωP
Q=
K PD KVCO U d
Use damping
i factor
f t ζ = =
ωP 2Q K PD KVCO

ωn2
ωout sφout φout ω 2n
H (s) = = = = 2
s 2 + 2ζωn s + ω 2 n ωin sφin φin s + 2ζωn s + ω 2 n

Electronic Circuits 2 (09/1) W.-Y. Choi


Lect. 23: PLL Dynamics

Damping factor dependece ωn2


H (s) = 2
s + 2ζωn s + ωn2

ωn = 2π
ξ = 0.1
01
ξ = 0.3
ξ = 0.7
ξ=1
ξ = 1.5

Electronic Circuits 2 (09/1) W.-Y. Choi


Lect. 23: PLL Dynamics

ωn2
Natural frequency dependence H (s) = 2
s + 2ζωn s + ωn2

ξξ= 1
ωn = 2πⅹ1
ωn = 2πⅹ2
2 2
ωn = 2πⅹ3
ωn = 2πⅹ4
ωn = 2πⅹ5

Electronic Circuits 2 (09/1) W.-Y. Choi


Lect. 23: PLL Dynamics

Step response
St

ωin (t ) = Δω ⋅ u (t )

PLL

⎧⎪ −ζωn t ζ ⎫⎪
ωoutt (t ) = ⎨1 − e [cos(ωn 1 − ζ ⋅ t ) +
2
sin(ωn 1 − ζ ⋅ t )]⎬ Δω ⋅ u (t )
2

⎪⎩ 1− ζ 2
⎪⎭

Electronic Circuits 2 (09/1) W.-Y. Choi


Lect. 23: PLL Dynamics

Damping factor dependence: step response ωn2


H (s) = 2
s + 2ζω
ζ n s + ωn2

ωn = 2π
ξ = 0.1
ξ = 0.3
ξ = 0.7
07
ξ=1
ξ = 1.5

Electronic Circuits 2 (09/1) W.-Y. Choi


Lect. 23: PLL Dynamics

Natural frequency dependence: Step Response ωn2


H (s) = 2
s + 2ζζωn s + ωn2

ξ= 1
ωn = 2πⅹ1
ωn = 2πⅹ2
ωn = 2πⅹ3
ωn = 2πⅹ4
ωn = 2πⅹ5

Electronic Circuits 2 (09/1) W.-Y. Choi

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