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Lesson 3 - American

This document provides an overview of architecture in the Philippines during the American period from 1898-1946. It discusses the domestic architectural styles that were popular during this time like Italianate, Victorian, Mission Revival, Neoclassical, Neo-Gothic, and Neo-Renaissance. It also discusses the first generation of Filipino architects and the development of architecture education in the Philippines under American rule. The emergence of Neoclassicism in Philippine architecture during this period signified the transition from Spanish to American colonial rule and cultural dominance.

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Justine Aliganga
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30 views

Lesson 3 - American

This document provides an overview of architecture in the Philippines during the American period from 1898-1946. It discusses the domestic architectural styles that were popular during this time like Italianate, Victorian, Mission Revival, Neoclassical, Neo-Gothic, and Neo-Renaissance. It also discusses the first generation of Filipino architects and the development of architecture education in the Philippines under American rule. The emergence of Neoclassicism in Philippine architecture during this period signified the transition from Spanish to American colonial rule and cultural dominance.

Uploaded by

Justine Aliganga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 3 :

AMERICAN PERIOD
(1898-1946)
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 4
DOMESTIC
STRUCTURES
THE TSALET
ITALIANATE
VICTORIAN
MISSION REVIVAL
VARIOUS NEOCLASSIC
PERIODS & NEO-GOTHIC
STYLES NEO-RENAISSANCE
ART DECO
STREAMLINED DECO
BAUHAUS
ITALIANATE
REVIVAL OF ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

• SQUARE COPOLAS OR TOWERS


• ELABORATE CLASSICAL DETAILINGS
• WIDE OVERHANG EAVES WITH CLOSELY SPACED
DECORATIVE BRACKETS
• TALL & NARROW SQUARE OR ARCHED WINDOWS
• L-SHAPED PLANS
• ARCADED PORCHES WITH BALUSTRADES
• LOW-PITCHED OR FLAT ROOF
VILLA LIZARES,
ILOILO
MALACANANG PALACE
VICTORIAN
REVIVING AND/OR COMBINING THE ELEMENTS OF GOTHIC & ITALIANATE STYLES

• STEEP GABLED ROOF & DORMERS


• CONED-SHAPE TURRETS OR SQUARE TOWER W/ MANSARD ROOF
• INTRICATE OR RICHLY ORNAMENTED PANELLING, TRUSSES & BRACES
• PANELLED EXTERIOR WALLING WITH EITHER HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL &
DIAGONAL LINES
• WIDE OVERHANGING EAVES WITH EXPOSED RAFTER ENDS
MISSION REVIVAL
ORIGINATED IN THE US AT THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY REVIVING &/OR EMPLOYING THE
ELEMENTS OF SPANISH COLONIAL REVIVAL STYLE

• USE OF LOW-PITCHED ROOF


• STUCCO FINISH EXTERIOR WALL
• WIDE EAVES WITH CLOSELY SPACED EXPOSED RAFTERS
• FRONTISPIECE WITH EXPOSED GABLE WALL
• IMPOSING SQUARE TOWERS WITH PYRAMIDAL ROOF
NEOCLASSICAL ( BEAUX ARTS CLASSICISM )
GREEK + ROMAN CLASSICAL + IDEAS OF RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE

• GRANDIOSE SYMMETRICAL COMPOSITIONS & FAÇADE


• COLONNATED PORTICO W/ GRAND STAIR & IMPOSING COLUMNS
• BALUSTRADED BALCONIES
• PRONOUNCED CORNICES & ENTABLATURES
• TRIANGULAR PEDIMENT
NEOGOTHIC
REVIVING THE ARCHITECTURE VOCABULARY OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

• LOFTY FACADES
• POINTED ARCHES
• SOARING SPIRES
• RIBBED VAULTING
• FLYING BUTTRESS
• RICH ORNAMENATION AND TRACERY
NEO-RENAISSANCE
ORIGINATED IN ITALY DURING THE REVIVAL PERIOD IN THE 19TH CENTURY

• HIP TYPE TILED ROOF WITH LOW-PITCH OR INCLINATION


• EAVES WITH SUPPORTING DECORATIVE BRACKETS
• EMPLOYMENT OF DETAILS SUCH AS COLUMNS, PILASTERS,
PEDIMENTS, QUOINS AND ARCHES
• SYMMETRICALLY BALANCED
URBAN PLANNING IN THE
AMERICAN PERIOD
MAESTRO DE OBRAS
• The first formal school for master builders was opened during the
last decade of the 19th century
• On Sept. 14, 1902, many of the graduates of this school joined the
civil engineers and surveyors in the country and founded the first
professional organization of architects and allied professionals: the
ACADEMIA DE ARQUITECTURA y AGUIMENSURA de FILIPINOS
(AAAF)
• It maintained direct consultation with the American Institutes of
Architects (AIA)
• A year after, its name was changed to ACADEMIA de INGINIERA,
ARQUITECTURA y AGRIMENSURA de FILIPINAS (AIAAF)
• In 1904 it founded the first school of Architecture in the Phils.
MAESTRO DE OBRAS
• The school, named Escuela de Ingenieria y Arquitectura, which
offered 5 year courses in Architecture & Civil Engineering
• In 1911, the AIAAF was dissolved when the civil engineers withdrew
to form their own professional organization
• In 1921, the Philippine National Assembly Act No. 2985 passed the
first enabling law for the practice of the professions of engineering &
architecture as unique & separate identities of the two professions
MAESTRO DE OBRAS
• Among the first Filipino architects, Arcadio Arellano was the first to
be engaged by the Americans, serving as consultant to the
Governor-General William Howard Taft in 1901
• More rendered public service through the Bureau of Public Works,
most notably the pensionados who received academic scholarships
in the US: Carlos Barretto (1903) Antonio Toledo (1910), Tomas
Mapua (1911), Juan Arellano (1912)
• They became the most influencial Filipino architects of the time
FIRST GENERATION OF
FILIPINO ARCHITECTS

• Tomas Bautista Mapua


• First registered Filipino architect
• Founder and first president of the Mapua Institute
of Technology in 1925
St. Lasalle Hall, 1920

Manila Post Office, 1926


With Juan Arellano
FIRST GENERATION PF
FILIPINO ARCHITECTS

• Tomas Arguelles
• Due to the Engineers & Architect’s Law of 1921,
he was allowed to practice architecture because
of his experience as maestro de obra
• Obtained the title of Perito Agrimensor at Colegio
de San Juan de Letran
HEACOCK DEPARTMENT STORE, ESCOLTA
FIRST GENERATION OF
FILIPINO ARCHITECTS

• Antonio Manalac Toledo


• Graduated with a degree in Architecture at Ohio
State in 1911
• Was one of the pioneer professors of Mapua
Institute of Technology
MANILA CITY HALL, 1930’S
FIRST GENERATION OF
FILIPINO ARCHITECTS

• Juan Marcos Arellano


• Attended the Ateneo Municipal de Manila and
graduated in 1908
• Went to the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts
in1911 & transferred to Drexel to finish
Architecture
• He was trained in the Beaux Arts
MANILA METROPOLITAN
THEATER

CEBU PROVINCIAL
CAPITOL
THE DEMISE OF THE SPANISH EMPIRE AT THE END OF
THE 19TH CENTURY SIGNALED THE EMERGENCE OF
MONUMENTAL NEOCLASSICISM IN THE PHILIPPINES &
SIGNIFIED THE ADVENT OF AMERICAN COLONIALISM &
ITS CULTURAL DOMINANCE
This style in a way gave continuity to a form of government
that shifted from Spanish to American colonial rule. A military
government was soon established to conduct various modes
of pacification in the region.

The American troops pledged freedom and a more civilized


way of life. The Filipinos, with the exception of those who
rebelled, responded with great optimism.

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