Name: _________________________ ( ) Class:_____________

SECONDARY THREE

END-OF-YEAR ASSESSMENT

BIOLOGY 6093/02
Paper 2 25 September 2020

1 hour 30 minutes

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, register number, and class on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use highlighters, glue or correction fluid or correction tape.

Section A
Answer all questions.
Write all answers in the answer space provided.
For examiner’s use

Section B Section A (40)

Answer all questions.
Section B (30)
Write all answers in the answer space provided.
Total (70)
The use of a scientific calculator is expected, where
appropriate.
You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers.

You are advised to spend no longer than 50 minutes on Section A and no longer than 40
minutes on Section B. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each
question or part question.

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This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.

[Turn over]

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Section A

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

The total mark for this section is 40.

1 (a) Table 1.1 is a list of some of the constituents of a healthy human diet.

Table 1.1

Constituent
carbohydrates
fats
proteins
mineral salts
fibre

Name a dietary constituent that is missing from the list in Table 1.1 and state a
reason for its importance in the diet.

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(b) Explain how food moves from the mouth (buccal) cavity to the stomach.

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(c) Describe how excess glucose in blood is managed by the body in order to
maintain glucose at a constant level.

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[Total: 8]

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2 The following experiment was set up by students to investigate water potential in potato
tuber tissue.

Fig. 2.1
Potato discs were placed in boiling tubes containing sucrose solutions of different
concentrations for four hours. The percentage change of mass was then calculated.

The results are shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

(a) Using the data in Table 2.1, explain how the water potential of the potato tuber
tissue can be determined.

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(b) Fig. 2.2 shows a diagram of a cell taken from the potato tuber disc that was
placed in 0.45 mol dm-3 of sucrose solution.

Fig. 2.2

(i) Identify the parts of the cell labelled A and B.

A: ……………………………………………………

B: …………………………………………………… [2]

(ii) State what will be found in space C of the cell shown in Fig. 2.2.

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[Total: 6]

3 (a) Explain two ways which red blood cells are adapted for their function.
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(b) Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme found in large quantities in red blood cells.

(i) State the function of carbonic anhydrase.

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(ii) A person with a medical condition is only able to produce low levels of
carbonic anhydrase.

Suggest and explain the effect of this deficiency on gas exchange in this
person.

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[Total: 5]

4 Fig. 4.1 shows a model that a student made to represent the human breathing system.

Fig. 4.1

(a) State the part of the human breathing system that represents each of the following
structures shown in Fig. 4.1.

Drinking straw: ……………………………..

Rubber sheet: ……………………………… [2]

(b) (i) The model can be used to demonstrate the action of breathing.

Describe what the student must do to the model to demonstrate the action of
breathing in.

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(ii) The model becomes damaged by a hole being made in the side of the rigid
plastic cup.

Suggest and explain how this damage will change the student’s observations
during the demonstration of breathing in using the model.

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(c) Describe three ways how this model does not accurately represent the human
breathing system.

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[Total: 10]

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5 Fig. 5.1 shows a person sitting in a room.

Fig. 5.1

(a) (i) Write down the balanced chemical equation of process that releases
energy for this person to use.

[1]

(ii) State one way in which this energy is used.

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(b) The person leaves the room and runs very fast for 200 m. When the person stops
running, his breathing rate and his heart rate remain high for several minutes.

Explain why the person’s breathing rate and heart rate remain high.

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(c) The run results in changes in the skin involving the blood vessels and the sweat
glands.

Describe and explain the changes to the sweat glands and blood vessels during
the run.

(i) Sweat glands:

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(ii) Blood vessels:

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[Total: 11]

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Section B

Answer all questions.

6 (a) In an experiment, the following set-up was used to investigate the effect of
different sugars on the rate of fermentation in yeast. Fermentation is a type of
anaerobic respiration where sugars are oxidized to release energy when oxygen is
absent.

Fig. 6.1

Glucose and sucrose were used. The set-up was incubated in a 40C water bath
for 10 minutes and the number of bubbles released per minute was counted.

The data was collected and recorded in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1

Type of Number of bubbles counted per minute Mean rate of

sugar bubbling
1st count 2nd count 3rd count (bubbles/min)

Glucose 39 43 40

Sucrose 74 80 78 78

(i) Calculate the mean rate of bubbling for glucose and fill it in Table 6.1. [1]

(ii) Plot a bar graph of this data on the grid provided on page 10.
[4]

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(iii) State relationships shown by the data in your graph.

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(iv) Name the gas in the bubbles and describe how you would confirm the
identity.

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(b) In humans, before sugars can be used, starch has to be first digested in the mouth
and small intestine.

(i) State the enzyme that breaks down starch.

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(ii) State how one condition necessary for the digestion of starch in the mouth is
different from that in the small intestine.

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(iii) The chimpanzee is an animal whose metabolism is very similar to that of a

human, but one species of chimpanzee lacks the gene responsible for the
synthesis of the enzyme that breaks down starch.

Suggest how this will affect the diet of this species of chimpanzee.

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[Total: 12]

7 Fig. 7.1, shows a transverse section of a small artery.

Fig. 7.1

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(a) Calculate the thickness of the wall of the artery between the points marked A
and B on Fig. 7.1.

Show your working and express your answer to the nearest micrometre.

Answer = ................................................. μm [2]

(b) Table 7.1 contains a number of statements that can be used to explain some
features of the mammalian heart and blood vessels.

Table 7.1
A Both atria pump blood into the ventricles.
B The pressure is very high.
C The left ventricle wall creates higher pressure than the right
ventricle wall.
D The pressure fluctuates a lot.
E The blood in the heart is separated based on the amount of oxygen
present in it.
F The muscle contracts to maintain blood pressure.
G The ventricles are larger than the atria.

Some structural features of the heart or blood vessels are listed in Table 7.2. on
page 13.

Select the most appropriate statement, A to G, from Table 7.1 to explain each
feature.

The first one has been completed for you.

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Table 7.2
Structural features of heart and blood vessels Statement
(A to G)
The wall of the left ventricle is two to three times
thicker than the wall of the right ventricle. C

Small arteries have muscular walls.

The wall of the left atrium is the same thickness

as the wall of the right atrium.

Arteries close to the heart have a lot of elastic

tissue in their walls.

There is a septum that divides the left side of the

heart from the right.

[2]

(c) Fig. 7.2 shows a transverse section through the heart.

Fig. 7.2

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(i) Draw a line on the diagram below, to show where the section in Fig. 7.2 has
been taken.

[1]

(ii) Describe what is meant by the term coronary heart disease and suggest how
heart muscle tissue dies due to this phenomenon.

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[Total: 8]

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8 (a) Explain how the structure of the nephron and its associated blood vessels enable
the kidney to carry out its functions.

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(b) A student’s arm touched the hot surface of the barrel while using the Bunsen
burner during an experiment.

Describe the nervous pathway that causes the response in the student.

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[Total: 10]
End of paper

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