UNIT Present tenses (I am doing /I do) with a future meaning EW Present continuous with a future meaning ‘Study this example situation: This is Tom’s schedule for next week. He is playing tennis on Monday aiternoon. He is going to the dentist on Tuesday morning. He is having dinner with Ann on Friday Inall these examples, Tom has already decided and arranged to do these things. When you are talking about what you have already arranged to do, use the present continuous (I am doing). Do not use the simple present (I do) mA: What are you doing tomorrow evening? (not what do you do) I'm going to the theater. (not I g0) Are you playing tennis tomorrow? ‘Yes, but Tom isn’t playing. He hurt his leg. Ann is coming tomorrow. Oh, is she? What time is she art At 10:15. Are you meeting her at the station? Ican’t. I’m working tomorrow morning. . PoP ere ore ing? Itis also possible to use going to (do) in these sentene: m= What are you going to do tomorrow evening? = Tomis going to play tennis on Monday afternoon. But the present continuous is usually more natural when you are talking about arrangements. See also Unit 5. Do not use will to talk about what you have already arranged to do: = What are you doing this evening? (not what will you do) m= Alexis getting married next month. (not Alex will get) For will see Units 6 and 7. Simple present with a future meaning ‘We use the simple present when we are talking about timetables, schedules, ete. (for example, public transportation, movies): = What time does the movie begin? = The train leaves Boston at 7:25 a.m. and arrives in Washington, D.C., at 3:41 p.m. = The football game starts at 2:00. = Tomorrow is Wednesday. But we do not usually use the simple present for personal arrangements: ‘What time are you meeting Ann? (not do you meet)UNIT 4 Exercises A friend of yours is planning to go on vacation very soon. You ask him about his plans. Use the words in parentheses (....) to make your questions. Example: (where | go)? .Where.are.you.gaing.?.. 1. (how long / stay?) 4. (go/ by car?) 2. (when | leave?) «scene : 5. (where / stay?) 3. (go/alone?) ... ‘Ann is going on vacation. Write sentences about her vacation plans. Use the words in parentheses to write your sentences. a Example: (g0/Hawail) She./3.gaing.ta.dawalt.. 1, (leave / next Friday) She 2. (stay /in Hawaii for two weeks) 3. (go/ with a friend of hers) 4, (stay/inahotel) They 5. (go! by plane) Tom wants you to visit him, but you are very busy. Look at your schedule for the next few days and explain to him why you can’t come. : Can you come on Monday evening? : Sorry, I'd love to, but Z'n2elay/ng valley ball. What about Tuesday evening then’? : T'm afraid I can’t. I (1) .... Well, what are you doing on Wednesday evening? OD) were see. Well, are you free on Thursday evening? : I'm afraid not. (3) oi Put the verb into the most appropriate form: present continuous (Lam doing) or simple present (Ido). Example: We..2re.going (go) to the theater this evening. 2aes.the.mavie hegina (the movie / begin) at 3:30 or 4:30? 1 _.- (have) a party next Saturday. Would you like to come? 2 (not/go) away for my vacation next month because I don’t have : .. (you/go) away’? 3. The concert this evening .. (start) at 8:00. 4, George, is it true that you .... (get) married next week? 5. The art exhibit i “(open) on May 3rd and . (close) on July 15th. 6. What time ... sven (the next train /Teave)? 7. Ann,we ... (go) tothepark. . (youlcome) withus? 9Oe aes Going to (I am going to do) We use going to (do) when we say what we have already decided to do, or what we intend to do in the future: m= A: There’s a movie on television tonight. Are you going to watch it? B: No, I’m too tired. I’m going to make it an early night. = A: Thear Ann has won alot of money. What is she going to do with it? B: T’ve heard she’s going to travel around the world. For the difference between will and going to see Unit 8. oO We prefer to use the present continuous (I am doing) when we say what someone has arranged to do ~ for example, arranged to meet someone, arranged to travel somewhere. Going to is also possible: = What time are you meeting Ann? (or are you going to meet) = I’m leaving for Europe on Monday. (or I’m going to leave) See also Unit 4a. We use was/were going to to say what someone intended to do in the past (but didn’t do): m We were going to take the train, but then we decided to go by car. = A: Did Tom take the exam? No, he was going to take it, but then he changed his mind. oO Going to also has another meaning. Study this example situation: ‘The man can’t see where he is going. There is a hole in front of him. He is going to fall into the hole. Here the speaker is saying what he thinks will hap- pen. Of course he doesn’t mean that the man intends to fall into the hole. We use going to in this way when we say what we think will happen. Usually there is something in the present situation (the man walking toward the hole) that makes the speaker sure about what will happen. ® Look at those black clouds! It’s going to rain. (the clouds are there now) = Oh, I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick. (I feel terrible now) 10UNIT 5. Exercises Say when you are going to do something. Example: Have you cleaned the car? (tomorrow) Wot yet. Lnn.gaiag. 40, clean. sh CQNOKERM.... 1. Have you called Tom? (after lunch) Not yet. I 2. Have you had dinner? (in a little while) Not yet 3. Have you painted your apartment? (soon) Not 4. Have you fixed my bicycle? (this afternoon) EB Write questions with going to. Example: I've won a lot of money. (what / with it?) What.are you going todo. with t4?. 1. I'm going to a party tonight. (what /wear?) ... 2. Tom has just bought a painting. (where / hang it?) 3. I've decided to have a party. (who / invite?) Use was/were going to. Example: Did you travel by train? No, L.ntas.gaing.t0 travel. by tein, but changed my. tends 1. Did you by that jacket you saw inthe store window? No, I : : 2. Did Sue get married? No, she ... 3. Did Tom quit his job? No, -, but 4. Did Wayne and Sharon go to Greece for their vacation? No, ....... 5. Did you play tennis yesterday? No, 6. Did you invite Ana to the he party? No, : but I changed my mind. but she .. Say what you think is going to happen in these situations. Example: The sky is full of black clouds. (rain) 44.39.gaing.ta.rail.. 1. Terry is taking his exams tomorrow. He hasn’t done any work for them, and he is not very intelligent. (fail) He ..... 2. Itis 8:30. Tom is leaving his house. He has to be at work at 8:45, but the trip takes 30 minutes. (be late) 3. There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. It is filling up with water very quickly. (sink) Tt 4, Annis driving, There is very little gas left in the tank. The nearest gas station is a long way from here. (run out of gas) sion ctUNIT Will (1) We use will (’ll) when we decide to do something at the time of speaking: ‘Oh, Left the door open. I'll go and shut it = “What would you like to drink?” “I'l have some coffee, please.” 1 “Did you call Ann?” “Ohno, forgot. I'll do it now.” = I'm too tired to walk home. I think I'll take a taxi ‘You cannot use the simple present (I do) in these sentences. m= Pil goand shut it. (not I go and shut it) Do not use will to say what someone has already decided to do or arranged to do: = [can't meet you tomorrow because my parents are coming to see me. (not my parents will come) ‘The negative of will is won't (or will not): = Receptionist: I’m afraid Mr. Wood can’t see you until You: Oh, in that case I won't wait. We often use I think I'll... or I don’t think PIL... when we decide to do something: = I think I'll stay home this evening. m= Idon’t think P'l go out tonight. I’m too tired, 200. oO We often use will in these situations: Offering to do something: ™ That bag looks heavy. ’ll help you with it (not I help) = “Tnced some money.” “Don't worry. I Jend you some.” Agreeing or refusing to do something: = A: You know that book I lent you? Can I have it back? = B: Of course. I’M bring it back this afternoon. (not I bring) = T’ve asked John to help me, but he won't. 1m The car won't start. (=the car “refuses” to start) Promising to do something: ™ Thank you for lending me the money. ’ll pay you back on Friday. (not I pay) = [ won't tell ‘Tom what you said. I promise, = I promise I'll call you as soon as I arrive. Asking someone to, do something (Will you... 2): = Will you shut the door, please? = Will you please be quiet? I’m trying to concentrate. For will see also Unit 7. For will and going to see Unit 8. 12UNIT 6 Exercises a ‘Complete the sentences with ll + an appropriate verb. Example: I’m too tired to walk home. I think £.°// take, . Pmalittle hungry. I think... It’s too late to call Tom now. “It’s a bit cold in this room.” “We don’t have any milk.” “Did you write that letter to Jack?” ... it tonight.” 6. “Would you like tea or coffee?” peer “Isit? “Oh, we don't? a taxi . something to eat, him in the morning. . on the heat then.” : ..and get some.” “Oh, I forgot. Thanks for reminding me. soucunsuseane Coffee, please.” 6.2) Use [think Vl. . . or [don’t think Vl... . Read the situation and then write your sentence. Examples: It’s cold. You decide to close the window. f.think. Z'ULe/ase.the. window, Its raining. You decide not to go out. Ladan’t. think LM ga.0ub.. 1. You feel tired. You decide to go to bed. I... 2. A friend of yours offers you a ride home, but you decide to wal Thank you, but ....... 3. You arranged to play tennis. Now you decide that you don’t want to play. 4, You were going to go swimming. Now you decide that you don't want to go. 6.3] Offer to do things. Tom has a lot of things to do and you offer to do them for him LU LCRA Mp Example: Tom: Oh, [have to clean up. 1. Tom: Oh, have to get dinner ready 2. Tom: Ob, I have to do the shopping. You: Ne,.that's alrighte. You: No, that's all right. I... You: No, " You: 3. Tom: Oh, I have to water the plants. Bo Agree and promise to do things. Example: A: Can you clean the windows? _B: Sure, ..27// ¢/ea.£/@+2. this afternoon. A: Do you promise? B: Y43,.2. promise Li.clean.them this Htecnoon. 1. A: Can youcall me later? B: Sure, : Do you promise? B: Yes, .. Can you fix the clock? B: Okay, Do..... B: a Please don't tell anyone. B: Allright, I won't tell anyone. B: az B: Don't wory, DBs ese . tonight. . tomorrow. Please don’t hurt me. DPPER>> 3eee Will (2) oH When we talk about the future, we often say what someone has arranged to do or intends 14 to do. Do not use will in this situation: ‘Tom is playing tennis on Monday. (not Tom will play) = Are you going to watch television this evening? (not will you watch) For arrangements and intentions see Units 4 and 5. But often when we are talking about the future, we are not talking about arrangements or intentions. Study this example: ‘Tom: Tm really worried about my exam next week. Ann: Don’t worry, Tom. You'll pass. “You'll pass” is not an arrangement or an intention. Annis just saying what will happen or what she thinks will happen; she is predicting the future. When we predict a future happening or a future situation, we use will/won''t. m= When you return home, you'll notice a lot of changes. m This time next year Il be in Japan. Where will you be? = When will you find out your exam results? = Tom won't pass his exam. He hasn’t done any work for it. We often use will with these words and expressions: probably I'll probably be a little late this evening. (Pm) sure You must meet Ann. I’m sure you'll like her. (bet I bet Carol will get the job. (Dthink Do you think we'll win the match? (suppose I suppose we'll see John at the party. (Dguess I guess Tl see you next week. Will and shall You can say I will or I shalt (1'N) we will or we shall (we'll) = will (or Ishall) probably go to Europe this summer. = We will (or we shall) probably go to Europe this summer. is more common than shall. In speech we normally use the short forms I’ll and we'll: = Pll probably go to Europe Do not use shall with he/she /it /they / you. = John will help you. (not shall help you) We use shall (not will) in the questions Shall I... ? and Shall we . ..? (for offers, suggestions, etc.): = Shall I open the window? (= Do you want me to open the window?) m= Where shall we go this evening? For will see also Units 6, 8, and 9. WiUNIT 7 Exercises Decide which form of the verb is correct (or more natural) in these sentences. Cross out the ‘one that is wrong. Example: Tom isn't free on Saturday. He Pitbwak /is working. Lwill go /am going to a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come too? According to the weather forecast, it will rain /is raining tomorrow. I'm sure Tom will get /is getting the job. Fle has a lot of experience. Tcan’t meet you this evening. A friend of mine will come / is coming to see me. A: Have you decided where to go for your vacation yet? —S B: Yes, we will go / are going to Italy. 6. Don't worry about the dog. It won’t hurt /isn’t hurting you. Zz Write questions using do you think ... will... .Use a verb from the box each time. arrive come cost. finish get married rain -pase~ paeeye 1. Billis taking hisfinalexamsoon. 2e.yau.thiab.......he ill ass 7 2. T'veinvited her to the party. Do you 7 She oosoee ? 3. Jack and Ann are coming over this evening. What time do ... they... . The weather doesn’t look very good. Do . . My car needs to be repaired. How much . . They are in love. Do. a . The meeting is still going on. When saws Answer these questions using the words in parentheses (... : Example: Who do you think will win the prize? (bet/Sue) Z.aet.Sue.mdd. mine. What do you think she'll say? (probably / nothing) She Where do you think she'll go? (bet /South America) I. When do you think she'll leave? (think / tomorrow) I How do you think she'll go there? (suppose / by plane) I When do you think she'll be back? (think / quite soon) I. Do you think you'll miss her? (I'm sure /very much) Yes, .. 7.4] Read each situation and then write a question with shall 1? or shall we? In each situation you are talking to a friend. : Example: It’s very hot in the room. The window is shut. ShalZ.qpen.the. winda 1. Your friend wants you to call him/her later. You don’t know what time to call. Ask your friend. You say: What 2. You and your friend haven't decided what to have for dinner. ‘You say: 3. You and your friend are going out. You haven't decided whether to go by car or to walk. You say: : or. ayaeee 2 15ica eee Will or going to? Talking about future actions We use both will and going to to talk about our future actions, but there is a clear difference. Study this example situation: Helen's bicycle has a flat tire. She tells her father. will: We use will when we decide to do something at the time of speaking. The speaker has not decided be- fore. Before Helen told her father, he didn’t know about the flat tire. Helen: My bicycle has a fiat tire. Can you fix it for me? Father: Okay, but I can’t do it now. PM fix it tomorrow. Later, Helen's mother speaks to her husband. going to: We use going to 7 when we have already Mother: Can you fx Helens bieyle? decided todo something, Father: Yes, I know. She told me. Helen's father had aleady decided to fix the bicycle before his wife spoke to him. I'm going to fix it tomorrow. Here is another example: m= Tomis cooking when he suddenly discovers that there isn’t any salt: Tom: Ann, we don’t have any salt. Ann: Oh, we don’t? P'll get some from the store. (she decides at the time of speaking) Before going out, Ann says to Jim: Ann: I’m going to get some salt from the store. (she has already decided) Can T get you anything, Jim? LY Saying what will happen (predicting future happenings) We use both will and going to to say what we think will happen in the future: = Do you think Laura will get the job? m= Ohno! It's already 4:00, We're going to be late. We use going to (not will) when there is something in the present situation that shows what will happen in the future (especially the near future). The speaker feels sure about what will happen because of the situation now (see also Unit 5d): = Lookat those black clouds. It’s going to rain. (the clouds are there now) I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick. (I feel terrible now) Do not use will in situations like these. In other situations, use wil (see also Unit 7): = Sue will probably arrive at about 8 o’clock. = I think George will like the present you bought for him. 16UNIT 8 Exercises Put the verb into the correct form, using will or going to. Examples: A: Why are you turning on the TV? B: en.gatng.ta.maten......... watch) the news. A: Oh, I just realized ~ I don’t have any money, B: Don't worry - that’s no problem. 1 1/./eead. J-snse (lend) you some. Those clouds are very black, aren’t they? I think it ./8. gong ca.ra/n... (rain) 've got a terrible headache. Do you? Wait here and I (get) you some aspirin. 2. A: Why are you filling that bucket with water? _-(wash) the car. 3. A:T've decided to repaint this room. h, you have? What cOlOr ru (you/paint) it? 4, A: Look! There's smoke coming out of that house. It’s on fire! Mh no! I : (call) the fire department right away. 5. A: The ceiling in this roo1 k very safe, does it? (0, it looks asiif it -soe(fall) down, 6. A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping? es, I. ..(buy) something for dinner. 7. A: Tcan't figure out how to use this camera. (show) you. 8 fee or tea? svnusne(have) coffee, please. 9. A: Has George decided what to do when he finishes school? jh yes. Everything is settled. He...... sconenne (take) a vacation for a few weeks, and then he. . (start) a computer programming course. 10. A: Did you mail that letter for me? \h, I'm sorry. I completely forgot. L....u:.rsiuseminneenen (do) it mow. 11. ‘hat shall we have for dinner? don’t know. I can’t make up my mind. Come on, hurry up! Make a decision! : Okay. We . (have) chicken, 12, Tack: We need some bread for lunch. Ben: Oh, we do? ...... taking a walk. Before he goes out, Ben talks to Jane: (gct) some bread. Do you want anything from the store? -» (go) to the store and get some. I feel like Ben: Okay, I 13. John has to go to the airport to caich a plane. He doesn’t have a car: John: Toshi, can you take me to the airport tonight? (get) you some. Toshi: Of course T....... (take) you. I'd be happy to. Later that day Eric offers to take John to the airport. Eric: John, do you want me to take you to the airport? John: No thanks, Eric. Toshi (take) me. 7(When Ido.../IfIdo...) a Study this example: A: What time will you call me tonight? B: I'll call you when I get home from work. “Tl call you when I get home from work” is a sentence with two parts: “I'll call you” (the main part) and “when I get home from work” (the when part). The sen- tence is future (tonight), but you cannot use will or going to in the when part of the sentence. Instead we use a present tense, usually simple present (I do) = Ican’t talk to you now. I'll talk to you later when I have more time. (not when T'll have) ®@ When the rain stops, we'll go out. (not when the rain will stop) ‘The same thing happens after: while after before until/ as soon as = Can you take care of the children while I am out? (not will be) = Before you leave, you must visit the museum. (not will leave) a Wait here until I come back. (not will come) You can also use the present perfect (I have done) after when/after/until, etc., to show that the first action will be finished before the second: ™ After I’ve read this book, you can have it. = Don’t say anything while Tom is here. Wait until he has gone. Itis often possible to use either the simple present or the present perfect: = Pll come as soon as I finish. or Tl come as soon as I’ve finished. = You'll feel better when you have or You'll feel better when you've had something to eat. something to eat. [4 After if we also use the simple present (I do) for the future: = It’s raining, We'll get wet if we go out. (not if we will go) = Hurry up! Ifwe don’t hurry, we'll be late. (not if we won't hurry) Be careful not to confuse when and if. Use when for things that are sure to happen: 1 I'm going shopping this afternoon. When I go shopping, Ill buy some food. Use if (not when) for things that will possibly happen: ‘J might go shopping this afternoon. If I go shopping, I'll buy some food. 1 Ifit rains this evening, I won't go out. (not when it rains) Don't worry if I'm late tonight. (of when I'm late) m= Ifhe doesn’t come soon, I’m not going to wait. (not when he doesn’t come) 18UNIT 9 Exercises All the sentences in this exercise are about the future. Put the verbs into the correct form: the {future will! won't or the simple present (Ido). Example: When 1 8#6........(see) Tom tonight, 12//zizw/te....(invite) him to our party. 1. Before you . .» (leave), don’t forget to shut the windows. aa (call) you as soon as I (arrive) in Tokyo. 3, Please don’t touch anything before the polo vi vnnnn (COME), 4. Everyone ..cscnnusnninins (be) Very surprised ithe. sess (PASS) the exam. 5. When you sevoneannns (S@@) Brian again, you ene (NOt recognize) him. 6. We enon .-» (not/start) dinner until Karen _.. (arrive). 7. (you/be) lonely without me while I .. (be) away? BOUED ecrenenrnenenee (need) any help, I... (asl )you. 9. Come on! Hurry up! Ann sresennee(BE) AMMOYEM Hf WE oes (be) late. 9.2) Make one sentence from two sentences. Example: You are going to leave soon. You must visit the muscum before that. Vrtd ABE HOSE LB EPUB EAA... DOT YOU. IEAVEs... 1. Fil find somewhere to live. Then I'll give you my address. tT... - when 2. Ie’s going to start raining. Let’s go out before that. Let's. before 3. I'm going to do the shopping. Then I'll come st after 4, You'll be in Washington next month. You must come and see me then. ... when, 5. Fm going to finish reading this book. Then I'l get the dinner ready. ee WHEN oe seeseveeeneneeees 6. We'll make our decision, Then we'll let you know. a8 soon as 9.3) Fillin when or it. Example: .£é......itrains this evening, I won't go out, 1. 'msorry you've decided to go away. I’ll be very sad 2. Tom might call this evening. he does, can you take a message? 3. Ithink he'll get the job. I'l be very surprised ..........he doesn’t get it 4. Lhope to be there by 10:30. But..........’m not there, don’t wait for me. 5. I'm going shopping. you want anything, I can get it for you. 6. Ithink I'l go home now. I'm feeling very tired. I think I'll go right to bed Iget home. 7. I'm going away for a few days. I'll call you .........0 get back. want you to come to the party but..........you don’t want to come, you don’t have to. * 19