EAPP • -A short position paper may only contain 2 body

paragraphs - one for the counter-argument and one for

Position Paper
the supportive points.
A position paper (sometimes position piece for brief items) is an
• -However, most position papers will have 3 or 4 body
essay that presents an arguable opinion about an issue –
paragraphs, with 2 dedicated to supportive evidence.
typically that of the author or some specified entity.
Position papers are published in academia, in politics, in law Use topic sentences that link back to your thesis.
and other domains.
Provide evidence to support your position.
Essential Parts
-Pull your evidence from your research, focusing on the
1. Issue
following:
2. Argumentative Thesis
1.Facts
3. Claims
2.Statistics
4. Evidence
3.Quotes
Writing the Position Paper
4.Documented stories
Building your Arguments
Cite your sources
 Make a pros and cons list for at least 2 positions
 Since your position paper will contain evidence, you
on your topic. need to include where you sourced that information.

 Establish your claim.  Follow the preferred citation style of the recipient of
your paper, whether that’s an instructor, organization,
 Identify your supporting reasons.
journal, or other entity.
- If possible, look for supporting reasons that are shown
 If you don’t cite your sources, then you will be guilty of
through 2 or more different pieces of evidence, as this
plagiarism.
will make your argument stronger.
 You could lose credit or face harsher penalties if you are
 Identify a counter-argument that you can easily dismiss.
caught stealing someone else’s words or ideas.
-Using a counter-argument can help you strengthen
Presenting a position paper
your claim because it shows the audience that you have
considered other options.  Remember the important dimension to a position
paper.
Drafting Your Paper
 Write your introduction for the position paper, with the
 Develop your thesis.
three essential parts.
Write your introduction.
 Background information
• Start with a hook that introduces your topic. For
 Introduction to the issue
example, you could provide a statistic of how many
children are injured on old playground equipment every  Thesis statement
year.
 Feedback task to claim
• Include a few sentences that provide more information
 Conclusion/ Feedback to the conclusion
on your topic, narrowing down toward your stance.

• End your introduction with your thesis.

*Include at least 2 body paragraphs.

position paper – is an essay that presents an arguable opinion Preliminary research
about an issue typically that of the author or some specified
 This research will also give you a clue concerning which
entity.
side of the argument you wish to take.
You can adequately support your claim by finding:
1. Introduction:
 facts
 Introduce the topic in a brief way.
 statistics
 Give a little background information explaining why the
 quotations from recognized authorities, and
topic is essential to your country or target audience.
 other types of evidence
 Declare your thesis.
 Arguments are claims backed by reasons that are 2. Content argument:
supported by evidence.
 Give a summary of the counterclaims (ask yourself what
How to Write an Argument someone would say to disagree with you).
 Outline information that supports the counterclaim.
Introduction -The first paragraph of your argument is
 Contest the counterclaims. Provide evidence for your
used to introduce your topic and the issues surrounding
augment
it.
3. Your opinion
State your claim -Your claim will serve as the thesis for
your essay. Make sure that you use clear and precise  Give your first informed and educated opinion.
language.  Prove that you are right by using at least two reliable
sources.
BODY
 Repeat the same with the next points that you have.
-Think about who may be undecided or opposed to your
4. Conclusion
viewpoint. Take the audience’s age, education, values,
 Restate your point of view.
gender, culture, ethnicity, and all other variables into  Provide a resolution.

consideration as you introduce your topic.

-These variables will affect your word choice, and your Writing Technical Reports

audience may be more likely to listen to your argument -Is a document that needs different approaches of data
collection and treatment
with an open mind if you do.
a) Background of study - It serves as an introduction
Claims
 Define essential concepts
A claim states your position on the issue you have
 Describe problem observed / cited in the studies review
chosen to write about. It answers the questions:
 Present the research gap in previous studies
 What point will your paper try to make?  Set a Strong claim
 What belief or opinion will you be defending?
b). Relevant Literature- This section synthesizes studies that
*Conclusion- Contains a restatement of your thesis and support the investigation.
summarizes your main claims.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE -In this chapter, the writer
*Arguments- Elaborate claims of thesis discusses the theories that are related bilingualism, speech
community, sense of code switching, types of code switching,
*Evidence- These are proofs to strengthen the author’s claims. and reason of using code switching, and factor of code
*Presenting a position paper-Remember the important switching.

dimension to a position paper.

c). Methods, Materials and Participants -Describes the different conclusion may be required.
ways of collecting data

d). Result and discussion

PR2
-refer to direct answers to your research questions that Chapter 3: Methodology
you generate from the data. Discussion is about interpreting  Research Design
your study results.  Population/ Research Respondents
-use different methods of data collection such as library  Research Locale
source, surveys, interviews and applicable experiments.  Research Instruments
 Data Collection
Designing Questionnaires-  Data Gathering Procedure
A questionnaire is a formalized set of questions for obtaining  Treatment of Data
information from respondents. Research Instruments
e). Conclusion Nominal Scale - Categorizing people based on gender, religion,
As its function is to round off the story of your project, it should: and position, among others

1. be written to relate directly to the aims of the project as Ordinal Scale - Ranking or arranging the classified variables to
stated in the Introduction determine who should be the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.

2. indicate the extent to which the aims have been Interval Scale – Showing equal intervals or differences of
achieved people’s views or attitudes, like the Likert Attitude Scale

3. summaries the key findings, outcomes or information in Ratio Scale – Rating something from zero to a certain point
your report (from 0 to 100)

4. acknowledge limitations and make recommendations Basic Statistical Techniques in Data Analysis
for future work (where applicable) Measures of Central Tendency
5. highlight the significance or usefulness of your work.  Measures that attempt to get at the ‘middle’ or
The population is the entire group that you want to draw ‘average score’
 Mean, median, and mode
conclusions about.
Measures of Spread or Variability
The sample is the specific group of individuals that you will
 Show the degree of variability or range within your data
collect data from.  Range, standard deviation, and variance
Conclusion Conclusion
-The conclusion is intended to help the reader understand why  Wraps up the different parts or components of the
paper
your research should matter to them after they have finished
 Abstractions generated from the findings that answer
reading the paper. the specific questions
 A good conclusion has to be connected well with the
-A conclusion is not merely a summary of your points or a
data analysis.
re-statement of your research problem but a synthesis of key  A conclusion must answer the questions in the research
problem and contain the results and findings of the
points.
study.
-For most essays, one well-developed paragraph is sufficient for
Recommendation - A part of the paper where you make
a conclusion, although in some cases, a two-or-three paragraph suggestions about some resolutions as a response to the
research problem
GC

Atomic models

The Fundamental Concepts and Components of the Quantum

Mechanical Model Magnetic quantum numbers
Quantum numbers • It indicates the specific orbital within the sublevels.
• It describes the energy level where an atomic orbitals • It describes the number of orbitals in a sublevel and the
can be found. number of orientation of these orbitals.
n=1---s

n=2—sp

n=3—spd

N=4--spdf
Distribution of electrons

Properties of electrons based on electronic configuration

• The atoms whose electrons that end up at the first

energy level have lower energy.

• The atoms whose electrons that fill up all the orbitals in

the outer shell are known to be stable.

• These electrons are called valence electrons. The

maximum number is 8.

• An atom with incomplete valence electrons will pair up

to another electron to be stable.
Trends of the Periodic Table of Elements

TRENDS- patterns in the periodic table

Electron affinity

• It is the energy that an atom releases when it accepts

electron. It is therefore a measure of the tendency of an
atom to attract an electron.

Ionic radius Electronegativity

• The cations are smaller in size than their parent atoms • It refers to the ability of an atom in a chemical bond to
while the anions are bigger. attract electrons toward itself.

Main groups/families in the periodic table

• IA-Alkali metals-
Ionization energy
• 2A-Alkaline Earth metal
• It refers to the energy that is required to remove
electrons from an atom. • 3A-boron group

• 4A-Carbon group

• 5A-nitrogen group
• 6A-oxygen group

• 7A-halogen group

• 8A-noble group
 Properties of individual elements based on their positions in the
periodic table of elements

S-BLOCKS

• All are metals.

• In general, they are shiny, silvery, and good conductors of

heat and electricity.

• They Lose their valence electrons easily.

• They are the most reactive elements on the periodic

table.

P-blocks
Structures of elements having similar properties
P-block metals have classic metal characteristics:
• Different elements have similar chemical properties when
• shiny
they have the same number of valence electrons in their
outermost energy level. • good conductors of heat and electricity,

• readily react with non-metals

• have high meting point

• lose electrons easily

• P-blocks contain metalloid

• Most of the p-block elements are nonmetals.

• These elements generally have low boiling points, are

poor conductors, and do not lose electrons easily.

D-blocks

• They form stable complexes, have high melting, and

boiling points.

• They are hard and possess high densities.

F-blocks

Properties of Lanthanides
 • They are soft metals with a silvery white color. • The atoms tend to lose, gain or share electrons until the
electron surrounding them are equal to 8 valence
• Their Brightness reduces rapidly when they are exposed
electrons.
to air.
• C,N, O and F follow this rule
• They have melting points ranging from 1000K to 1200K
(Except Samarium, 1623K). • Outer electrons obey the rule

• Lanthanides are good conductors of heat and electricity. Ions

• They are non-radioactive in nature with the exception of • When elements lose or gain electrons, they became ions.
Promethium.
• Cations- positively charge ions
Properties of Actinides
• Anions- negatively charge ions
• The actinide elements appear to be silvery in color.

• These elements have a radioactive nature.

• These metals are highly reactive and their reactivity

increases when they are finely divided.

Ionic bonding

• Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence

electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of
chemical bond that generates two oppositely
charged ions.

• Due to high stability, noble gases have very little or no

tendency to lose, gain, or share electrons and so
therefore, they are nonreactive.

Octet rule

• All noble gases except He have s2 p 6 configuration.

 • In order for an atom to be stable, its outermost shell
must at have 8 number of electrons.

• These electrons are called valence electrons.

• The valence electrons determine the reactivity of the

elements/atoms.

Ionic compounds

• Ionic compounds are made up of one or more anions and

one or more cations.

• They can be represented using the Lewis dot structures.

 • Examples include such familiar substances such as water
(H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). These compounds are
very different from ionic compounds like sodium
chloride.

Properties of ionic compounds

1. High melting point and boiling point

2. Conduct electricity

3. Solid at room temperature POLAR MOLECULES

4. Hard

5. brittle

 The ionic compounds are formed when atoms are held by

a chemical bond known as the ionic bond.
 The ionization energy determines the number of
electrons that are to be lost or gained by these atoms.

 The valence electrons represent the number of electrons

in the outermost shell of an atom. They determine the Non-polar
stability of an atom. • No separation of charges

• Charges are equally distributed

• Can consist of only one type of atom

Molecular covalent compounds

• Molecular compounds are inorganic compounds that

take the form of discrete molecules.
UNIQUE NATURE OF CARBON

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

• They are compounds that contain carbons and are

obtained from living things.

• Exceptions of these compounds are:

1. CO

2. CN
−¿
¿
3. CO 3 2

HYDROCARBON

• Contains hydrogen and oxygen

• Saturated hydrocarbon

• Unsaturated hydrocarbon
 Napthalene

Alkyl halides

-They are compounds in which at least one hydrogen atom is

replaced by a halogen

Cycloalkanes

Alcohol

• General formula

• =R-OH

Aromatic hydrocarbons

• They are also called arenes.

• They are compounds that have a six- membered carbon

ring known as the benzene ring.

• They are useful as solvents for nonpolar compounds.

Benzene structure
Phenol

Amines

Aldehydes and ketones

Amides

• R-CONH2

• OH is replaced by NH2 group

Carboxylic acid
 Formamides

Structural isomerism

• In organic chemistry the chemical formula doesn't give us

the exact properties of the material as there can be
many isomers for the same compound.

Biomolecules

 any of numerous substances that are produced by

cells and living organisms.
 have a wide range of sizes and structures and
perform a vast array of functions

• a. proteins

• b. nucleic acids

• c. lipids

• d. carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

Types:

1. Monosaccharide

• Glucose- Known as blood sugar

• Galactose-found in milk and yogurt

• Fructose- sugar found in honey or in fruits

2. Disaccharides

• sucrose — common table sugar

• lactose — major sugar in milk

 • maltose — product of starch digestion • Have mainly hydrogen and carbon atoms and a few
oxygen that make them nonpolar.

Phospholipids

• Consist of glycerol, phosphate groups, and two fatty

acids like choline group.

• Glycosidic bond- the bond that is formed between the

two –OH groups of the monosaccharides unit during
condensation reaction

• Hydrolysis – the process that break the glycosidic bond

3. Polysaccharides

• They consist of repeating monosaccharides unit.

Examples are:

• Starches-linear chains of amylose or branched chain of

amylopectin of glucose. They Insoluble in water.

Glycogen

• Polymer of glucose

• Animal starch

• Energy source of liver and muscle

Cellulose Proteins

• Is a long chain and unbranched chain of glucose

• Forms strong and long bundles of fibers in plant cell

Lipids
Amino acid ( monomer)

PEH

Ballroom dance and Health

BALLROOM DANCING

• Began in the18th and 19th centuries in Europe when

kings and queens were entertained by dancing
performances, but it became popular with the masses in
the early 1900s.

• Originated from the Latin word “Ballare” which means

“to dance”.

• Applies to any one of several dances in which two

individuals, a “leader” and a follower”, dance with
physical contact.

Types of Ballroom Dances

1. Waltz- from the German word “ Walzen”, which means

“to roll” or “turn”.
2. Cha Cha- (sometimes wrongly called Cha Cha Cha based
on a "street version" of the dance with shifted timing)
was delevoped by Enrique Jorrín in the early 1950s, as a
slower alternative to Mambo—and, in fact, was originally
called Triple Mambo.
3. Tango-Tango originated in Buenos Aires in the late 19th
century. Modern Argentine tango is danced in both open
and closed embraces which focuses on the lead and
follow moving in harmony of the tango's passionate
charging music.
4. Jive-The jive is part of the swing dance group and is a
very lively variation of the jitterbug. Jive originated from
African American clubs in the early 1940s.
5. Samba -Samba is the national dance of Brazil. The rhythm
of samba and its name originated from the language and
culture of West African slaves.
 6. Rhumba -Rhumba came to the United States from Cuba components are rap (MC’ing, break dance, graffiti, and
in the 1920s and became a popular cabaret dance street types of sports, cinema, etc.)
during prohibition.
Elements of Hip-hop

Popping
 Ballroom dance is a set of partner dances, which are
• Popping is a street dance and one of the original funk
enjoyed both socially and competitively around the
styles that came from California during the 1960s-70s.
world, mostly because of its performance and
entertainment aspects. Ballroom dancing is also widely Locking
enjoyed on stage, film, and television.
• Locking is a style of funk dance, which is today also
SAMBA(Brazil) associated with hip hop.
• "Samba is a Brazilian music style of infectious rhythm and Breaking
complex origins. It developed as urban music in the late
19th and early 20th centuries in the favelas, or slums, of • Breaking or Bboying, sometimes called “breakdancing” in
Rio de Janeiro. Its roots, however, trace back hundreds of mainstream circles, is a dance that originated in New
years to customs and traditions brought to Brazil by York in the 1970s and was a cornerstone of the
African slaves." original Hip Hop Culture.

SAMBA (Ballroom Dance) Boogaloo

The international ballroom version of samba is a lively, • It is characterized as a fluid leg-oriented style danced to
rhythmical dance with elements from Brazilian samba. It differs funk music, utilizing rolls of the hips, knees, legs, and
considerably from the original samba styles of Brazil; in head, which was later combined with popping.
particular, it differs from Samba de Gafieira, a partner type
Social Dance
of Samba in that country.
• Parallel with the evolution of hip-hop music, hip-hop
SAMBA VARIATIONS
social dancing emerged from breaking and the funk
• Natural Basic styles into different forms.

• Whisk

• Samba Walk HEALTH-AND-FITNESS DANCE RELATED CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

• Side Samba Walk • Become a dance teacher

• Bota Fogos • Choreographer

• Volta • Work in arts administration for a dance company or

theater
• Counting: 1-a-2, 3-a-4, 5-a-6, 7-a-8
• Become a yoga or Pilates instructor
Dance And Health
Dance Teacher
HIP HOP DANCE
• Dance Teachers are responsible for leading dance classes
• The history of hip hop originated in the late 60th 0f the for individual or groups of people.
20th century and continues to evolve to the present day.
Hip hop culture originated in New York among black and Choreographer
Latino ghetto.
• Compose the sequence of steps and moves (a
• Street culture existed for centuries in all countries. It has performance of dance or ice skating).
been internationally recognized in the 1970’s. Its main
Dance Administrator
 • The job is to help run a dance studio or academy. In this
role, you may help enrollment efforts, advertise your
company to potential parents and students, and perform
various administrative tasks to help keep your school
running.

Yoga/Pilates Instructor

• Leads specialized exercise, stretching, and meditation

classes for people of all ages.

OTHER HEALTH-AND DANCE RELATED CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

• Marketing for dancers

• Dance photographer or videographer

• Costume of clothing designer

• Physical therapist or dance medicine specialist

MIL/OC

People as Media and People in Media

People Media

 refers to persons that are involved in the use, analysis,

evaluation and production of media and information.

Peoples as Media

• Takes place when these media practitioners become

media themselves, possessing skills needed in mass
communication.

• People acquire information passed on by media people.

 Opinion Leaders

 A leader of a certain group who gives details and

information to lesser active persons in the group.

 Citizen Journalist

 People WITHOUT professional journalism training

that use the tools of modern technology and
internet to create, fat-check media on their own
or in collaboration with others.

 Social Journalist
  Journalist that uses social media to make their Types of text
content available to more people.
• Hypertext
 Crowd Sourcing

 They practice obtaining needed services, ideas or

content by soliciting contributions from large
group of people and especially from online
community.

Peoples in Media

 People behind another form of media

 They use another forms of media such as text media,

visual media, and multimedia in disseminating
information and imparting knowledge.

 People in TV media

 Personalities behind the camera such as news

anchors, host, reporters, actors script writers,
stage crew, advertisers and many others.
 People in Radio media
 Both in the AM and FM stations are composed of
broadcasters and reporters, commentators, disc
jockey, radio actors and radio singers.
 People in Print media
 People who provide text and visual creativity in
conveying information
 Print media practitioners are writers/authors,
editors, reporters, visual artist, photographers
and publishers.
 People in Web media
 People who are responsible for sharing
knowledge and information in the world wide
web through digital or electronic formats found
in blogs, websites and online social media.
 People in Instructional media

• These are teachers, instructors, mentors who

facilitate the learning and skills of students using
different tools and strategies.

Text information and Media

 • Plaintext /Unformatted text  Connotes formality & readability in large amount
of text

San serif

 It brings clean or minimalist look to the text.

 Give a modern look and is used primarily in web

design.

ABC
serif
Slab

 Carries a solid & heavy look to text.

Script

 Draws much attention to itself because of its

brush-like stroke.

 Usually used by wedding invitation cards or other

• Formatted text formal events.

Types of Typeface

Serif ABC
  this refers to how fitting or suitable the text is
used for a specific audience, purpose or event. In
the creation of text based content.
DECORATIVE

 Caters to a wide variety of emotions such as

 PROXIMITY
celebration of fear, horror, etc.
 This refers to how near or how far are the text

ABC
from each other.

 When two things are closely related, we bring

them close together.

 Alignment

Common file format  Refers to how the text is positioned in the page.

• TXT(text)  Organization

 Unformatted text document by an editor  This refers to conscious effort to organize the
as notepad on Windows Platform different text elements in a page.

• DOC (Document)  Repetition

 A native format for restoring documents  This concerns the consistency of the elements
created by MS Word package. and the unity of the entire design.

• RTF(Rich Text Format)  Repeating Some Typefaces Within Page

 Cross platform document exchange;  Contrast

default format for Mac OS X’s default
 Creates a visual interest to text elements.
editor Text Edir.
 Contrast is achieved when two elements are
• PDF (Portable Document Format)
different from each other.
 Developed by Adobe systems for cross
Classification of text information
platform exchange documents, supports
images & graphics.  Fiction

• PS (Postscript) • This pertains to stories that are imagined or not

true, such as fairy tales, mythologies, and
 a page description language mainly for
legends.
desktop.
 Nonfiction
Design principles and elements
• This pertains to a text that is based on facts and
 Emphasis
reality.
 This refers to the importance or value given to a
 Comedy
part of the text-based content.
• Its content is light and funny.
 Bold
• It can make readers feel good and happy.
 Italicized
 Tragedy or Drama
 enlarge.
• Its content can make people cry because it
 Appropriateness
involves death pain and suffering.
  Language appropriateness

 Curriculum Alignment

 Suspense or Thriller Visual information and Media

• The reader is challenge to figure out who the real Visual Information
villain and protagonist are by analyzing the
 these are sources that are visible to the naked eye in the
characters and how each scene is connected to
form of visual aids, visual presentations, models, displays,
establish a plausible conclusion to solve the
still photographs, and motion pictures with or without
mystery or problem in the presented story.
sound
 Horror
Painters
• The content aims to arouse overwhelming fear
 Refers to a person who produces a work of art with
and leave the reader terrified.
colors, lines & shapes using paint as medium.
 Romance
Photographer
• The content deals with romantic love
 Taking pictures or images using camera is the
 Science fiction photographer’s primary job.
 It can be classified as either professional or amateur.
• The content is typically based on the imaginative
use of scientific knowledge or scientific Graphic artist 0r Designer
discoveries or conjecture.
 A graphic artist or a designer sets the images,
 Historical illustrations, charts, & tables on the manuscript.

• The content contains elements about historical Sculptor

accounts.
 Creates a piece of art using a variety of media , such as
 Autobiography clay, marble, wood or even ice.

• It is an account on a persons life which the author Types of Visual information

wrote himself.
1. Painting
 Biography
• Is an art form that creates picture using a flat mediums,
• A detailed description of someone’s life written such as canvas or board & paint.
by another.
Types of painting
 Inspirational
2. Landscape
• The content contains topics, articles or stories
 Shows an outdoor scene.
that may be based on a true story where the
reader can draw inspiration from.  Landscape artist uses paint to create images of land,
water, clouds as well as other elements like air, &
 Religious
sunlight.
• The content contains topics about God and
3. Portrait
Spirituality, holy or religious people and other
related subjects.  It Shows an image of a person or animal.
Assessing and Evaluating Text information  It resembles how the person looks like & captures the
person’s mood or personality.
 Accuracy and factuality
4. Still life
 Objectivity
  Shows inanimate objects as subjects, such as musical  Some colors can send a specific message
instruments. or express a specific emotion.

 It could also be flowers or food on display.  Use of medium

5. Icon  The kind of medium used adds value to

the message og the visual & creates more
 Refers to a painting od Jesus Christ or other religious
impact.
figures identified with the Roman Catholic Church,
which proliferated during the Byzantine Empire.  For example a poster that uses recycled
materials will catch more attention,
2. Photo or images and videos
especially if the theme is about the
 A photo is worth a thousand words. environment.
 Can be used as evidences to document historical events.
 Level of creativity
3. Sculpture
 A creative or artistic presentation will
 Is an example of a three dimensional artwork that can be catch the attention of the audience,
made using clay, stone, metal or other materials.  The level of the creativity should match
4. Cartoon or Comics strip the content or information the material
wishes to convey.
 Shows illustrations or drawings arranged sequentially in
boxes.  The images & illustrations should be
 It is usually appears in newspaper or made as a comic appropriate & relevant to the content.
book.  Choice of subject
5. Graphs and charts  A painting or a photo is a form of
 Pertains to a diagram, which is a series of one or more expression for the artist.
points, lines, line segments, curves, or areas.  A photographer chooses a street child to
 A chart shows information through a table, diagram or be his subject, he probably wants to
graph. show the public the effect of poverty.
6. Billboards and posters  Choice of theme or message
 Refers to a large outdoor board containing text  An artist or photographer is free to
information & images or designs posted as a form of choose the kind of theme or message he
advertisement. wants to convey, timely messages are
 Posters is similar to a billboard but is much smaller. significant because it can influence the
 A poster is also used as means of announcement or public to do something.
advertisement.
Audio information and Media
Evaluating & Rating Visual information
Audio Information
 Use of color
• It pertains to any sound or auditory impression perceived
 The output is partly screened based on by the ears and processed by the brain.
the kinds of color used, such as primary
& secondary colors, pastel, or dark Types of Audio information
colors.
 Dialog or conversation
 The kind of colors used depends on the
 An exchange of ideas takes place
theme & subject.
between the two people who are talking

 Lecture or talk
  Through a lecture or talk, the participants  Soul
are able to acquire information from the  It Combines elements of African-American Gospel
speaker. music, rhythm and blues and jazz
 Reggae
 It has a fast melody, and incorporates jazz
 News rhythm, and blues.
 Through the news, the public learns  Hip-hop or Rap
information about current events that  Apart from its funky music, poetry is spoken
happen locally and internationally. through rap style, where the rapper speaks the
 Podcast lyrics following a certain beat.
 A digital audio file, which can be  Rock or punk
downloaded on the computer with  It is characterized by loud and heavy metal music
internet access. produced by electric guitars and drums.
 Audio Book  Asian Pop
 A talking book, as there is a complete  A popular beat music making waves in Asia like in
recording of the entire text, which is red. Japan (JPOP) and Korean (KPOP)
If the text is only read in portions.  Original Pilipino Music (OPM)
 Music  It is comprised of Filipino music from various
 It refers to a vocal or instrumental genres including retro music, pop music and even
sounds which expresses the melody, kundiman (classical) music.
harmony and rhythm of a specific tune. People who make Audio Information
Kinds of music  Commentator
 Classical Music  Emcee
 This refers to the kind of music  Disk Jockey (DJ) or Radio Announcer
associated with the luminary composers  Narrator
and musicians like Bach, Beethoven,  Voice-over
Mozart and Schubert.  Music artist
 Opera  Musician
 This kind of music are performed by Delivering Audio Information
singers and musicians through a dramatic  Radio
work, combining text (libretto) and  Walkman
musical score, usually in theatrical  Discman
setting.  Mp3 player
 Broadway  iPod
 This music is similar to the opera. It is based on a  iTunes
play and presented as a theatrical performance Evaluating Audio Information
where the performers sing the lyrics.  Sound Quality
 Folk or traditional  This is vital factor in an audio
 A kind of music showing the tradition and culture information.
on ones ancestors.  If the volume is not audible , the receiver
 It also shows the music of indigenous or ethnic will not be able to grasp the information.
tribes.  Voice Quality
 Inspirational, Gospel or Religious  With proper pronunciation the reader or
 This is the type of music that is religious speaker applies proper accent , inflection,
and sacred in nature. intonation, & quality speech sound.
 It is sung in church as a worship song.  Type of Content
 Ballad  The kind of music should be appropriate
 It has a light, sentimental, or romantic to the content.
mood with slow melody.
 monochrome (black and white) or colored, with or
without accompanying sounds.

Motion Information and Media Manipulative information and Media

Motion Media MANIPULATION
 A form of media that has appearance of moving text and  the exercise of harmful influence over others. People
graphics on display who manipulate others attack their mental and
 Its purpose is to communicate information in multiple emotional sides to get what they want.
ways Manipulative Information
7 Characteristics of Motion Media  Loosely defined as any material, program, or application.
1. It communicates the message to a large, heterogeneous,  Use to formulate new information to aid learning
and anonymous audience. through the use, analysis, evaluation, and production of
2. It communicates the same message to a mass audience interactive and hands-on media.
simultaneously, sometimes in public, other times in
Manipulative Media
private.
3. It embodies messages that are usually impersonal and  Items or tools used to aid in hands-on learning
transitory
4. It is multi-sensory such that the audience’s sight and  Models in which learners can manipulate to gain
hearing are stimulated in concert. understanding and mastery of a concept.
5. It is a formal, authoritative channel of communication Types of Manipulative Media
6. It is instrumental in behavior and attitude modification
7. It confers status upon issues, persons, organizations, or 1. Traditional / Concrete Manipulatives
social movements.  Traditional Manipulative Media is actually being used
Types of Motion information and Media in certain schools, wherein they use different
 Film materials that the students can use to have a hands-
 It is also called movie picture. It is a series of still or on experience regarding the lesson
moving images that tells a story or shows a real  Real Objects - Most accessible & involving material in
situation. education use.
 Animation
 The process of designing, drawing, making layouts  Currencies
and preparations of photographic sequence which
 Tools
are integrated in the multimedia and gaming
products  Plants
 Documentary film
 Artifacts
 A nonfictional motion picture intended to document
some aspect of reality for the purposes of instruction,  Models
education and maintaining historical records.  Three-dimensional representation of a real thing
 Short Film  It can provide learning experiences that real thing
 Any film not long enough to be considered a feature can’t provide interior.
film. It is an original motion picture that has running Field Trips
time of 40 minutes or less, including all credits.  Excursion outside the classroom
 Interactive Video  For first hand experience.
 Also known as IV. It is a type of digital video that
supports user interaction. It plays a regular video file
2. Digital / Virtual Manipulatives
but, include hotspots that perform an action when
you click on them  Integration of traditional media
 Motion Picture in Television
 Television is a telecommunication medium for  Enable physical objects to move, sense, and interact with
transmitting and receiving moving images that can be one another -- and, as a result, make systems- related
concepts more salient to children.
Multimedia information and Media

Multimedia

 A Combination of all kinds such as text, speech, sound,

graphics, or images, animation and video

Elements of Multimedia Media

1.Text

 Text is the most widely used and flexible means of

presenting information on screen and conveying ideas.

2. Graphics

 Graphics is a company’s road map, indicating

both what the company wants to become and
guiding transformational initiatives by setting a
defined direction for the company’s growth

3. Audio

 Audio files appear as part of application content

and also to aid interactions. Audio songs also
come under the heading multimedia.

4. Video

 Video is powerful way to convey information

which can incorporate a personal element which
other media lack. It enhances, dramatizes, and
gives impact to your multimedia application

5. Animation

 Animation adds visual impact to the multimedia project

and are used in cartoons, scientific visualization