Tangents and Normal 1

∴ Equation of the normal at (1, 2) is y − 2 = − ( x − 1)

dy
dy dx
1. (d) = 12 − 3 x 2 = 0 ⇒ x = ±2
dx ⇒ y − 2 = −1( x − 1) ⇒ x + y − 3 = 0 .
Hence points are (2,16) and (–2, –16). πx dy π π  dy 
7. (b) y = sin ⇒ = cos x ⇒   =0
a2 dy a2 2 dx 2 2  dx (1, 1)
2. (c) Since y = , ∴ =− 2
x dx x 1
∴ Equation of normal is y − 1 = ( x − 1)
dy − a 2 0
∴ At ( x1 , y1 ), = 2
dx x1 ⇒ x =1.
− a2
Thus tangent to the curve will be y − y1 = ( x − x1 ) 8. (c) y = 2 cos x
x12
π 2 dy
⇒ yx12 − y1 x12 = −a 2 x + a 2 x1 At x = , y = = 2 and = −2. sin x
4 2 dx
⇒ a 2 x + x12 y = x1 ( x1 y1 + a 2 ) = 2a 2 x1 , ( x1 y1 = a 2 )
 dy 
∴  =− 2
This meets the x-axis where y = 0  dx  x =π / 4
∴ a 2 x = 2a 2 x1 , ∴ x = 2 x1 π 
∴ Equation of tangent at  , 2  is
∴ Point on the x-axis is (2 x1 ,0) 4 
Again tangent meets the y-axis where x = 0  π
2
y − 2 = − 2 x − .
2a  4
 x 12 y = 2a 2 x 1 , ∴ y =
x1 9. (c) Let the point be ( x1 , y1 ) , ∴ y1 = be − x1 / a .....(i)
 2a 2  dy −b − x / a
So point on the y-axis is  0,  Also, curve y = be − x / a ⇒ = e
 dx a
 x1 
 dy  −b − x1 / a − y1
1  2a 2    = e = (by (i))
Required area = (2 x1 )  = 2a 2 .  dx ( x1 , y1 ) a a
2  x1 
 
Now, the equation of tangent of given curve at point
3. (b) t = 2 for the point (2,–1) −y x y x
dy 4 t − 2 6 ( x1 , y1 ) is y − y1 = 1 ( x − x1 ) ⇒ + = 1 +1
= = for t = 2 . a a y1 a
dx 2t + 3 7
x y
4. (c) Given y 2 = 2( x − 3) .....(i) Comparing with + = 1, we get
a b
dy dy 1 x1
Differentiate w.r.t. x, 2y. = 2⇒ = y1 = b and 1 + = 1 ⇒ x1 = 0 .
dx dx y a
−1 Hence, the point is (0, b).
Slope of the normal = = −y
 dy  dy 4
  10. (a) For curve y 2 = 4 x ⇒ =
 dx  dx 2y
Slope of the given line = 2  dy  dy − x
∴  = 1 and for curve x 2 + y 2 = 5 ⇒ =
∴ y = −2  dx (1, 2) dx y
From equation (i), x = 5  dy  −1
∴ Required point is (5, − 2) . ∴   =
 dx (1, 2) 2
5. (a) Given curve x 2 = 3 − 2y ...(i) ∴ Angle between the curves is
dy dy
Differentiate w.r.t. x, 2 x = 0 − 2 ⇒ = −x −1
dx dx −1
θ = tan −1 2 = tan −1(3) .
Slope of the tangent of the curve = − x  −1
From the given line, slope = −1 , ∴ x = 1 and from 1+  
 2 
equation (i), y = 1 . ∴ Co-ordinate of the point is (1, 1).
dy dy 3
6. (a) x = t 2 and y = 2t 11. (b) by 2 = ( x + a)3 ⇒ 2by. = 3( x + a)2 ⇒ = ( x + a)2
dx dx 2by
At t = 1, x = 1 and y = 2 dy 3
∴ Subnormal = y = ( x + a)2
 dy  dy / dt 2 1  dy  dx 2b
Now   = = = ⇒   =1
dx
  dx / dt 2 t t  dx  t =1 y y 2by 2
∴ Subtangent = = =
 dy  3( x + a) 2
3( x + a)2
 
 dx  2by
 ( x + a)
3 θ θ
2b 2 sin cos
2 dy dy / dθ a sin θ sin θ 2 2
= b = ( x + a) Now, = = = =
dx dx / dθ a(1 + cos θ ) 1 + cos θ θ
3( x + a)2 3 2 cos 2
2
4
∴ (Subtangent)2 = ( x + a)2  dy   θ  π
9 ∴  =  tan  = 1[y] π  = a  1 − cos  = a
4  dx  θ =  
 π  2   θ = π   θ = 
 2
 2
( x + a)2  2  2
(Subtangent)2 9 8b
and = = ∴ Length of normal = a 1 + (1) 2 = 2a .
Subnormal 3
( x + a)2 27
2b 17. (c) y = a(sin θ − θ cos θ ), x = a(cos θ + θ sin θ )
⇒ (Subtangent)2 = constant × (Subnormal). dy
∴ (Subtangent)2 ∝ (Subnormal). = a[cos θ − cos θ + θ sin θ ] = aθ sin θ
dθ
12. (c) y = ax 2 + bx dx
= a(− sin θ + sin θ + θ cos θ ) = aθ cos θ
dy  dy  dθ
= 2ax + b ⇒   = 4a + b
dx  dx (2, − 8) dy dy / dθ aθ sin θ
∴ = = = tan θ
 Tangent is parallel to x-axis dx dx / dθ aθ cos θ
dy ⇒ Slope of the tangent = tanθ
∴ = 0 ⇒ b = −4 a …..(i)
dx ∴ Slope of the normal = − cot θ
Now, point (2, –8) is on the curve of y = ax 2 + bx Hence, equation of normal
∴ −8 = 4 a + 2b cos θ
……(ii) [y − a sin θ + aθ cos θ ] = − [ x − a cos θ − aθ sin θ ]
From (i) and (ii), we get a = 2, b = −8 . sin θ
⇒ y sin θ − a sin 2 θ + aθ sin θ cos θ
1dy 1dy y
13. (a) x + y =a; + = 0, ∴ =− = − x cos θ + a cos 2 θ + aθ sin θ cos θ
2 x 2 y dx dx x
⇒ x cos θ + y sin θ = a(sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ )
y
Hence tangent at (x, y) is Y − y = − ( X − x) ⇒ x cos θ + y sin θ = a
x
a
or X y + Y x = xy ( x + y = axy) ∴Distance from origin =
sin θ + cos 2 θ
2
= a constant

X Y
or + =1. 18. (a) x = 3t 2 + 1, y = t 3 − 1
a x a y
dx dy
∴ = 6 t, = 3t 2
Clearly its intercepts on the axes are a x and a y. dt dt
Sum of the intercepts = a ( )
x + y = a. a = a .  dy 
dy  dt  3t 2 t
dy Now = = =
14. (d) y = x log x ⇒ = 1 + log x dx  dx  6t 2
dx  
1 −1  dt 
The slope of the normal = − = 0
(dy / dx) 1 + log x For x = 1 , 3t 2 + 1 = 1 ⇒ t = 0 ⇒ Slope = =0.
The slope of the line 2 x − 2y = 3 is 1. 2

−1 19. (a) Let the point of contact be (h, k ) , where k = h4 .

∴ = 1 ⇒ log x = −2 ⇒ x = e −2
1 + log x  dy 3
Tangent is y − k = 4 h3 ( x − h) ,  dx = 4 x 
∴ y = −2e −2  

∴ Co-ordinate of the point is (e −2 , − 2e −2 ) . It passes through (2, 0), ∴ − k = 4 h3 (2 − h)

1 ⇒ h = 0 or 8/3 , ∴ k = 0 or (8/3)4
15. (c) Slope of the normal = −
 dy   8  8 4 
  ∴ Points of contact are (0, 0) and  ,   
 dx   
3 3 
1 dx
This is parallel to x-axis ⇒ − =0⇒ =0. ∴ Equation of tangents are
dy
  dy 4 3
  8 8  8
 dx  y = 0 and y −   = 4   x −  .
3 3  3
2
 dy  dy
16. (c) Length of normal = y 1 +   20. (d) y = x 2 ⇒ = m1 = 2 x
 dx  dx
 dy  dy
⇒   = 2 = m1 and x = y 2 ⇒ 1 = 2y
dx
 (1, 1) dx
 dy 1  dy  1 2
⇒ = m2 = ⇒   =  dy 
dx 2y  dx (1, 1) 2 Length of the normal = y 1 +  
 dx 
1
2− 3
∴ Angle of intersection, tan θ = m1 − m2 = 2 = = a(1 − cos t) 1 + tan 2 (t / 2) = a(1 − cos t) sec(t / 2)
1 + m1m2 1 4
1+ 2× = 2a sin 2 (t / 2) sec (t / 2) = 2a sin(t / 2) tan(t / 2) .
2
⇒ θ = tan −1 (3 / 4) . dy  dy 
27. (b) y = e 2 x ⇒ = 2e 2 x ⇒   =2
dy dx  dx  (0, 1)
21. (d) y = x 3 − 3 x 2 − 9 x + 5 ⇒ = 3 x 2 − 6 x − 9.
dx ∴ Equation of tangent is, y − 1 = 2( x − 0) ⇒ y = 2 x + 1
We know that this equation gives the slope of the This tangent meets x-axis, ∴ y = 0
tangent to the curve. The tangent is to parallel to x-axis,
⇒ 0 = 2 x + 1 ⇒ x = −1 / 2
dy
∴ = 0 . Therefore 3 x 2 − 6 x − 9 = 0 ⇒ x = −1, 3 .  1 
dx ∴ Co-ordinates of the point  − , 0  .
22. (b) Clearly the point of intersection of curves is (0, 1). Now,  2 
dy 28. (a) (1 + x 2 )y = 2 − x ......(i)
slope of tangent of first curve m1 = = a x log a
dx It meets x-axis, where y = 0 i.e., 0 = 2 − x ⇒ x = 2
 dy  So, (i) meets x-axis at the point (2, 0)
⇒   = m1 = log a
 dx (0, 1) 2− x
Also from (i), y =
dy 1+ x2
Slope of tangent of second curve m2 = = b x log b
dx dy (1 + x 2 )(−1) − (2 − x)(2 x) dy x 2 − 4 x − 1
⇒ = ⇒ =
 dy  dx 2 2
(1 + x ) dx (1 + x 2 ) 2
⇒ m2 =   = log b
 dx (0, 1) 4 − 8 − 1 −5 −1
Slope of tangent at (2, 0)is, = =
m − m2 log a − log b (1 + 4)2 25 5
∴ tan α = 1 = .
1 + m1m2 1 + log a log b ∴ Equation of tangent at (2, 0) is ,
dy dy − x  dy  1
23. (d) x 2 = −4 y ⇒ 2 x = −4 ⇒ = ⇒  =2. y − 0 = − ( x − 2) ⇒ x + 5y = 2 .
dx dx 5
2  dx (−4, − 4 )
29. (d) Curve is y = be − x / a
We know that equation of tangent is,
Since the curve crosses y-axis (i.e., x = 0) ∴ y = b
 dy 
(y − y1 ) =   ( x − x1 ) ⇒ y + 4 = 2( x + 4)
 dx ( x1 , y1 ) dy −b − x / a  dy  −b
Now = e . At point (0, b),   =
dx a  dx (0, b) a
⇒ 2x − y + 4 = 0 .
dy −b
24. (b) y = 2 x 2 − x + 1 ⇒ = 4x − 1 . ∴Equation of tangent is, y − b = ( x − 0)
dx a
We know that this equation gives the slope of tangent to x y
⇒ + =1.
the curve. Since this tangent is parallel to y = 3 x + 9, a b
therefore slope of the tangent is 3, so 4 x − 1 = 3 or  dy 
30. (c) y = x 2 ⇒   = m1 = 2 x = 2
x = 1. Therefore y = 2 x 2 − x + 1 = 2 − 1 + 1 = 2. Thus  dx (1, 1)
the point ( x, y) is (1, 2).
dy  dy  1
dy 6y = 7 − x 3 ⇒ 6 . = −3 x 2 ⇒   = m2 = −
25. (c) 3 2
x − 8a y = 0 ⇒ 3 x − 8a . =0 2 2 dx  dx (1, 1) 2
dx
π
dy dy 3 x 2 Clearly m1m2 = −1, therefore angle of intersection is .
⇒ 3 x 2 = 8a 2 . ⇒ = 2
dx dx 8a 2
31. (b) y = 2 x 2 − x + 1 . Let the coordinates of P is (h, k), then
1 1 8a 2
∴ Slope of the normal = − = − =−  dy 
 dy  3x 2
3x 2   = 4h − 1
  2  dx  (h, k )
 dx  8a
Clearly 4 h − 1 = 3 ⇒ h = 1 ⇒ k = 2 ; ∴ P is (1, 2).
− 8a 2 −2
Given = ∴ ( x, y) = (2a, a) . 32. (d) xy = c 2 …..(i)
3x 2 3
26. (c) x = a(t + sin t) , y = a(1 − cos t) dy
 Subnormal = y
dx
dy dy / dt a(sin t) t
∴ = = = tan c2 dy − c 2
dx dx / dt a(1 + cos t) 2 ∴ From (i), y = ⇒ = 2
x dx x
 y × (−c 2 ) − yc 2 − yc 2 y 2 − y 3 3 dy 9 sin 2 θ cos θ −3
∴Subnormal = 2
= 2
= = 2 y π = , = .
x  c2  c4 c θ=
4 2 2 dx θ = π − 6 cos θ sin θ
2
π 2
  4 θ=
 y  4
 
 3  −3 1 
∴ Subnormal varies as y 3 . ∴ Equation of tangent is  y − =

x −


 2 2  2  2 
33. (a) If sin x = cos x ⇒ x = π / 4
⇒ 3 2 x + 2 2 y = 6 ⇒ 3 x + 2y = 3 2 .
 dy  1
If y = sin x ⇒   =
 dx  x =π / 4 2 39. (b) Curve x + y = e xy
Differentiating with respect to x
 dy  −1
If y = cos x ⇒   = dy  dy  dy ye xy − 1
 dx  x =π / 4 2 1+ = e xy  y + x  or =
dx  dx  dx 1 − xe xy
m1 − m2
tan θ = = 2 2 ⇒ θ = tan −1 (2 2 ) . dy
1 + m1m2 = ∞ ⇒ 1 − xe xy = 0 ⇒ 1 − x( x + y) = 0
dx
34. (a) We have, y 2 = 5 x − 1 …..(i) This hold for x = 1 ,
dy  5  −5 2 dy
At (1,−2) ; = = 40. (d) y = x ⇒ = m1 = 2 x
dx  2y  (1, − 2) 4 dx
∴ Equation of normal at the point (1, –2) is,  dy  dy
⇒   = 2 = m1 and x = y 2 ⇒ 1 = 2y
 −5   dx (1, 1) dx
[y − (−2)]   + x − 1 = 0
4  dy 1  dy  1
⇒ = m2 = ⇒   =
∴ 4 x − 5 y − 14 = 0 ……(ii) dx 2y dx
 (1, 1) 2
As the normal is of the form ax − 5 y + b = 0 , 1
2− 3
comparing this with (ii), we get a = 4 and b = −14 . ∴ Angle of intersection, tan θ = m1 − m2 = 2 =
1 + m1m2 1 4
35. (a) Given y = 6 x − x 2 .....(i) 1+ 2×
2
dy −1
= 6 − 2x ⇒ θ = tan (3 / 4) .
dx
Since, tangent is parallel to the line 4 x − 2y − 1 = 0
dy −4
∴ = 6 − 2x = ⇒ 6 − 2x = 2 ⇒ x = 2
dx −2
Put the value of x in (i), we get y = 8
Hence required point of tangency will be (2, 8) .
−d{a(1 + cos θ )}
36. (d) Slope of normal = − dx = dθ a sin θ
= = tan θ
dy d(a sin θ ) a cos θ
dθ
Now, the equation of normal at θ is,
y − a sin θ = tan θ [ x − a(1 + cos θ )]
Clearly, this line passes through (a, 0).
dx dy
37. (a) = a(1 + cos θ ), = a (sin θ )
dθ dθ
dy
dy
= dθ = a sin θ = 1, y π = a
dx θ = π dx a(1 + cos θ ) θ=
2
2
dθ
y a
Length of sub-tangent ST = = = a.
dy / dx 1
dy
and length of sub-normal SN = y = a .1 = a
dx
Hence ST = SN .
2 1
38. (c) x θ = π = = ,
4 2 2 2