Efforts Moderate Hard Moderate

Zinc Nickel Zinc Bromide Zinc Manganese

Under Zinc Manganese
Maturity of Technology Emerging Development / rechargeable battery
Experimental under development
Cost of deployment

Ease of adoption

Watt-hour/kilogram Upto 140 75-85 150

(Specific Energy)

Watt-hour per liter Upto 300 Upto 400

Energy
parameters

KW/kg

Service Life Superior to lead- 20 years

acid batteries

Cycles 5,000 (Pacific Northwest

National Laboratory)

Life cycle

Safety Ni-Zn batteries are

non-flammable
and fail-safe and
therefore are
Operating Cost (Cost per <$200 (Refer <$200 (Refer
kWh) Infographics tab) Infographics tab)

Efficiency
88% 95%

Manufacturer ZAF Energy

Systems (US),
ZincFive (US)
Technology Company SunErgy (French SunErgy (French
(Contract R&D) Company) Company)

Association

Links
 https://www.eesi.org/papers/view/energy-storage-2019
https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2019/Sep/IR
https://www.cooperative.com/programs-services/bts/documents/reports/ba
https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2019/07/f65/Storage%20Cost%2
https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2019/07/f65/Storage%20Cost%2
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/479891/handbook-batte
https://www.sandia.gov/ess-ssl/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/ESHB_Ch5_Zin
https://www.rechargenews.com/transition/zinc-ion-batteries-up-to-50-cheap
https://baxcompany.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Suschem_energy_st
Niti Aayog https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2019-10/ISGF-Report-on-Energy-Storage
https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/opinions/think-zinc/
https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/energy-res
https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1592892
https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/resourcesandenergyquart
https://www.sandia.gov/ess-ssl/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/ESHB_Ch5_Z
https://www.planete-energies.com/en/content/energy-density
https://plugboats.com/lithium-metal-battery-breakthrough-400-wh-kg/
https://www.asme.org/topics-resources/content/advancing-battery-techno
irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2017/Oct/IRENA_Electrici
http://www.eqmagpro.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/IRENA_Elctricity
https://www.automation.com/en-us/articles/2015-2/smaller-efficient-pow
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d89d2f2e969b660d8e79d91/t/5dcbf
https://www.sunergybattery.com/ni-zn-technology
https://www.renata.com/fileadmin/downloads/techinfo/PSDS_Zinc_Air_MF.p
https://www.fz-juelich.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/IEK/IEK-9/EN/Quartett.
https://ease-storage.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/EASE_TD_NaS.pdf
https://www.sandia.gov/ess-ssl/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/ESHB_Ch5_Z
https://acola.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/wp3-sustainability-evaluation
ZN-MN https://www.zmescience.com/science/chemistry/zn-mg-battery-cheap/
ZN-MN http://www.tju.edu.cn/english/info/1011/5442.htm
ZN-Ni https://www.zincfive.com/monobloc-data-sheet
ZN-Ni https://zafsys.com/nizn-batteries/zinc-air/
ZN-Air https://www.rechargenews.com/transition/new-zinc-air-battery-is-cheaper
ZN-Ni https://www.zincfive.com/nickelzinc-overview
https://www.sunergybattery.com/news/timeforzinctoswim
ZN-Air https://www.sintef.no/projectweb/zas/project-overview/

Association
https://energystorage.org/resources/industry-resources/resources/

https://ease-storage.eu/
European Association
for Storage of Energy
 Easy Hard Easy Moderate Easy
Lithium ion Zinc Air Lead Acid Sodium Sulphur Flow Batteries

Rechargable type
Near Mature (Under develoment) Mature Near Mature

Due to their high Development of zinc Lead-acid technology Because of the Use up more
scalability and batteries for the electric is used in nearly all operating physical space and
flexibility in power grid market is still in its applications except temperature and are only suitable for
and energy, Li-Ion infancy, small portable the highly corrosive stationary
150-200 (typical) Upto 440 35-40 200 60-80 (Vanadium)
Upto 250-270 (max)

200 – 400 Upto 1,670 50 – 80 120-160 20 – 70

150–250 30–50 60–80

10-15 years Battery technology 3-6 years 10-15 years 20 years

under development

300-3,000 200-1,500 4,500

Useful life Useful life Moving

varies by varies by depth parts require
depth of of discharge intermittent
discharge and and other replacement
Flammable, batteries High safety, no need of Toxic Not flammable
are known for their hazardous organic materials,
tendency to overheat solvents flammability
and get damaged at risk
$200–$4,000 <$250 (Target of ZAS $50–$1,100 $200–$900 $100–$2,000
Consortium)

Battery technology
85-98% 1.under
ZAF Energy Systems
development 70-90% 60-85%
(US based company In
discussions for
commercialization of
technology), 2. Zinc 8
Energy Solutions
(Canadian Company), 3.
SunErgy (French
NantEnergy (US
Company)
Company)
ZAS project (Consortium
of 9 European
companies including
research institutes)
Agency/Publication/2019/Sep/IRENA_Utility-scale-batteries_2019.pdf
ices/bts/documents/reports/battery-energy-storage-overview-report-update-april-2019.pdf
019/07/f65/Storage%20Cost%20and%20Performance%20Characterization%20Report_Final.pdf
019/07/f65/Storage%20Cost%20and%20Performance%20Characterization%20Report_Final.pdf
cation/479891/handbook-battery-energy-storage-system.pdf
uploads/2021/02/ESHB_Ch5_Zinc_Lim.pdf
nc-ion-batteries-up-to-50-cheaper-than-lithium-ion-with-no-raw-materials-concerns/2-1-939768
s/2018/08/Suschem_energy_storage_pages.pdf
ISGF-Report-on-Energy-Storage-System-%28ESS%29-Roadmap-for-India-2019-2032.pdf
inions/think-zinc/
oitte/us/Documents/energy-resources/us-er-energy-storage-tracking-technologies-transform-power-sector.pdf

tions/resourcesandenergyquarterlyjune2021/documents/Resources-and-Energy-Quarterly-June-2021-Zinc.pdf
/uploads/2021/02/ESHB_Ch5_Zinc_Lim.pdf
ent/energy-density
-breakthrough-400-wh-kg/
tent/advancing-battery-technology-for-modern-innovations
ation/2017/Oct/IRENA_Electricity_Storage_Costs_2017_Summary.pdf?la=en&hash=2FDC44939920F8D2BA29CB762C607BC9E882D4E9
oads/2020/04/IRENA_Elctricity-Storage-Valuation-Framework_2020_compressed-11-50.pdf
/2015-2/smaller-efficient-power-supply-for-energy-storage
2f2e969b660d8e79d91/t/5dcbf6476d474f159d78b434/1573647946172/Chilwee_figures.pdf

ds/techinfo/PSDS_Zinc_Air_MF.pdf
nloads/IEK/IEK-9/EN/Quartett.pdf?__blob=publicationFile
2016/03/EASE_TD_NaS.pdf
/uploads/2021/02/ESHB_Ch5_Zinc_Lim.pdf
08/wp3-sustainability-evaluation-energy-storage-full-report.pdf
istry/zn-mg-battery-cheap/

new-zinc-air-battery-is-cheaper-safer-and-far-longer-lasting-than-lithium-ion/2-1-812068

eforzinctoswim
ect-overview/

-resources/resources/
2BA29CB762C607BC9E882D4E9
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/05/batteries-used-hearing-aids-could-be-key-future-renewabl
https://rmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/rmi_breakthrough_batteries.pdf

http://b-dig.iie.org.mx/BibDig2/P16-0166/PDF/EUW15_Day1_1450_Thierry%20Le%20Boucher.pdf
could-be-key-future-renewable-energy

y%20Le%20Boucher.pdf