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1st SEMESTER MIDTERM LONG QUIZ in MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING

This document contains a 1st semester midterm long quiz in medical surgical nursing. It consists of 30 multiple choice questions covering various electrolyte imbalances including hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, and more. The questions test understanding of causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment approaches for different electrolyte abnormalities.

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48 views6 pages

1st SEMESTER MIDTERM LONG QUIZ in MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING

This document contains a 1st semester midterm long quiz in medical surgical nursing. It consists of 30 multiple choice questions covering various electrolyte imbalances including hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, and more. The questions test understanding of causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment approaches for different electrolyte abnormalities.

Uploaded by

skoolrkive
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1st SEMESTER MIDTERM LONG QUIZ in

MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING

What is the recommended treatment for acute emergency symptomatic


hypocalcemia?
o No treatment is necessary
o Increase dietary intake of calcium-rich foods
o Administer intravenous calcium gluconate
o Provide oral calcium supplements

Which of the following can cause hyponatremia?


o Dehydration
o Elevated blood pressure
o Excessive sweating
o High sodium intake

Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of hypokalemia?


o Hypercalcemia
o Muscle weakness
o Hypernatremia
o Hyperreflexia

Which of the following is a possible cause of hypokalemia?


o Increased renal potassium excretion
o Hyperaldosteronism
o Addison's disease
o Excessive potassium intake

Which of the following is a common cause of hypercalcemia?


o Hypoparathyroidism
o Hyperthyroidism
o Hyperparathyroidism
o Hypothyroidism

What is the first-line treatment/emergency treatment for severe hyperkalemia?


o Increased dietary potassium intake
o Administration of loop diuretics
 Intravenous calcium gluconate
o Long-term potassium-restricted diet

True or False: Hypocalcemia can lead to prolonged QT interval on an


electrocardiogram (ECG).
o false
o true

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with hypocalcemia?


o Muscle cramps
o Tetany
o Hyperreflexia
o Diarrhea

How is hypernatremia typically treated?


o Restricting water and sodium intake
o Administration of hypotonic fluids
o Increasing potassium intake
o Administration of hypertonic fluids

What is the primary treatment for hyponatremia?


o Administering intravenous fluids
o Dehydration
o Increasing dietary sodium intake
o Physical exercise

Which of the following is a cause of hypophosphatemia?


o Hyperparathyroidism
o Cushing's syndrome
o Addison's disease
o Chronic alcoholism

Which of the following is a common cause of hyperkalemia?


o Decreased renal excretion of potassium
o Increased insulin secretion
o Excessive intake of calcium
o Low intake of sodium

Which of the following ECG findings is consistent with hypokalemia?


o Absence of P waves
o Prolonged PR interval
o ST segment elevation
o Tall peaked T waves

Which organ is primarily responsible for calcium regulation in the body?


o Liver
o Lungs
o Heart
o Kidneys
Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with hypercalcemia?
o Hyperkalemia
o Hypokalemia
o Hypomagnesemia
o Hypernatremia

What is the normal range for magnesium levels in the blood?


o 1.3-2.0 mmol/L
o 0.6-1.2 mmol/L
o 0.1-0.5 mmol/L
o 2.1-2.5 mmol/L

Hypomagnesemia is defined as a serum magnesium level below what value?


o 1.5 mEq/L
o 2.0 mEq/L
o 1.0 mEq/L
o 0.5 mEq/L

Which organ is primarily responsible for maintaining sodium balance in the body?
o Heart
 Kidneys
o Liver
o Brain

What is a common symptom of hypophosphatemia?


o Polyuria
o Hypotension
o Muscle weakness
o Hyperreflexia

Which of the following is a potential cause of hypomagnesemia?


o Hyperparathyroidism
o Excessive magnesium intake
o Hypothyroidism
o Alcoholism

Which of the following is a potential complication of severe hypomagnesemia?


 Hypercalcemia
o Metabolic acidosis
o Cardiac arrhythmias
o Hyponatremia

What is the normal range of serum sodium levels in adults?


o 165-175 mmol/L
o 135-145 mmol/L
o 150-160 mmol/L
o 120-130 mmol/L

What is the normal range of serum calcium levels in adults?


o 20-25 mEq/L
o 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
o 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
o 2.5-4.5 mmol/L

Which of the following is a characteristic of hypernatremia?


o High potassium levels in the blood
o Low potassium levels in the blood
 High sodium levels in the blood
o Low sodium levels in the blood

What is the normal calcium level in the blood?


o 1.5-2.5 mmol/L
o 2.8-4.5 mmol/L
o 3.5-5.0 mmol/L
o 0.8-1.2 mmol/L

What is a common symptom of hypomagnesemia?


o Hyperreflexia
o Hypertension
o Hypernatremia
o Hyperglycemia

Which of the following is not a potential cause of hypomagnesemia?


 Excessive alcohol intake
o Loop diuretic use
o Chronic diarrhea
o Hypotension

Which of the following is a symptom of severe hyperkalemia?


o Muscle weakness
o Hyperglycemia
o Hypertension
o Tachycardia

What are common symptoms of hypercalcemia?


o Headache, excessive thirst, and blurred vision
o Muscle weakness, constipation, and confusion
o Fatigue, nausea, and palpitations
o Muscle cramps, diarrhea, and anxiety

Which of the following is an appropriate treatment for hypokalemia?


o Administration of loop diuretics
o Intravenous calcium gluconate
o Increasing sodium intake
 Oral potassium supplements

Which of the following is a common cause of hypocalcemia?


o Hypoparathyroidism
o Excessive calcium intake
o Vitamin D toxicity
 Hyperparathyroidism

Which of the following is a symptom of hyponatremia?


o Frequent urination
o Low blood pressure
o Muscle weakness
o Increased thirst

Which of the following is a common symptom of hypomagnesemia?


o Hyperkalemia
o Hypertension
 Muscle weakness
o Polyuria

TRACE THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF POTASSIUM SHIFT IN THE CELLULAR


LEVEL ON PATIENTS WITH HYPERKALEMIA. GIVE ONE NON'MODIFIABLE
RISK FACTOR AND 3 NURSING MANAGEMENT AND 3 NURSING DIAGNOSIS
PRIORITY.

Which of the following is a cause of hypochloremia?


o Excessive intake of chloride-rich foods
o Excessive sweating
o Diarrhea
o Hyperventilation

Which system helps regulate water and electrolyte balance in the body?
 Renal system
o Digestive system
o Skeletal system
o Nervous system

What are common symptoms of hypernatremia?


o Hypotension and bradycardia
o Excessive thirst and dry mucous membranes
o Edema and weight gain
o Fatigue and weakness

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