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NCM 107 - MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH NURSING 1st SEMESTER MIDTERM REVIEWER

This document provides a review of key concepts in maternal and child health nursing related to labor and delivery, the postpartum period, and newborn care. It defines the stages of labor, normal vital signs and measurements for mother and newborn, signs of placental separation, types of vaginal discharge after delivery (lochia), and important fetal monitoring assessments during labor. Common medical terms and assessments covered on the midterm exam are defined and explained concisely.

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494 views4 pages

NCM 107 - MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH NURSING 1st SEMESTER MIDTERM REVIEWER

This document provides a review of key concepts in maternal and child health nursing related to labor and delivery, the postpartum period, and newborn care. It defines the stages of labor, normal vital signs and measurements for mother and newborn, signs of placental separation, types of vaginal discharge after delivery (lochia), and important fetal monitoring assessments during labor. Common medical terms and assessments covered on the midterm exam are defined and explained concisely.

Uploaded by

skoolrkive
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NCM 107: MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH NURSING

1st SEMESTER MIDTERM REVIEWER

LABOR & DELIVERY


Q: What is the correct order of the cardinal movements?
A: 1. Engagement, Flexion Descent
2. Internal Rotation
3. Extension
4. External Rotation
5. Expulsion

SIGNS OF LABOR
 thinning of the cervix (effacement)
 opening of the cervix (dilation)
 increase in vaginal discharge
 water breaks (rupture of membranes)

FETAL POSITION
Definition: Relationship of presenting fetal part to the quadrants of maternal pelvis;
vertex (most common), occiput anterior or maternal left side (LOA)

BIOETHICAL PRINCIPLES

BLODD LOSS DURING DELIVERY


 The average amount of blood loss after the birth of a single baby in vaginal
delivery is about 500 ml (or about a half of a quart).
 The average amount of blood loss for a cesarean birth is approximately 1,000
ml (or one quart).

STAGES OF LABOR
FIRST STAGE
 Begins with true labor CTX & ends when the cervix is full dilated.

Three (3) Phases of the FIRST STAGE of Labor


 Latent (preparatory) Phase - 0-3cm
 Active Phase - 4-7cm
 Transition Phase - 8-10cm

SECOND STAGE
 Period when the cervix is completely dilated & effaced to the birth of the infant.
 "Pushing Stage"
 DONT push until the urge to push presents!

THIRD STAGE
 Begins with birth of baby & ends with the delivery of the placenta.
 Expulsion of placenta by natural bearing down/gentle pressure on the fundus &
gentle traction on the cord.

FOURTH STAGE
 The period from 1 - 4 hours after birth.
 Bleeding problems arise most often in 1st HR post-delivery!

BREASTFEEDING

FETAL HEART TONE (FHT)


Normal: 110 bpm – 160bpm

STATIONS
Definition: Relationship of presenting part to ischial spines.

Floating: presenting part above pelvic inlet


- station -5: presenting part at the inlet
- station 0: presenting part at the IS
- station +4: presenting part at the outlet

UMBILICAL CORD COMPRESSION


Definition: The umbilical cord is formed from the fetal membranes, the amnion and
chorion, and provides a circulatory pathway that connects the embryo to the chorionic
villi of the placenta.

1st clamp – 2cm from the umbilical base


2nd clamp – 3cm from the 1st clamp

Q: What week does the umbilical cord forms?


A: first 5 weeks of gestation

Q: At what week can it be visualized sonographically?


A: 8th week
Q: What is the essential link for oxygen and nutrients among fetus, placenta, and
mother?
A: umbilical cord

Q: What vessels does a normal umbilical cord contain?


A: 2 arteries and 1 vein

Q: Which umbilical vessel carries oxygenated blood to fetus?


A: umbilical vein
Q: Carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus back to the placenta
A: umbilical arteries

Q: the normal cord diameter is cm


A: 1cm-2cm

Q: the normal cord length is cm


A: 40cm-60cm

Q: the forms the outer covering of the umbilical cord


A: amniotic membrane

DILATATIONS

ALPHA PROTEIN
Definition: AFP stands for alpha-fetoprotein. It is a protein made in the liver of a
developing baby.

SIGNS OF PLACENTAL SEPARATION


1. umbilical cord lengthens
 The most reliable sign is the lengthening of the umbilical cord as the placenta
separates and is pushed into the lower uterine segment by progressive uterine
retraction.
2. gush of blood
3. firm/globular uterus
4. uterus rises to the abdominal wall

LOCHIA
Definition: Vaginal discharge resulting from involution and endometrium regeneration;
characterized by rubra, serosa, and alba; should not have a foul smell.
Lochia amounts: Average amount is 225 mL; Varies with parity, type of delivery,
breastfeeding, and activity levels.
Types of LOCHIA Color Postpartal Day/s

Lochia Rubra RED 1-3 days

Lochia Serosa PINK 3-10 days

Lochia Alba WHITE 10-14 days

Classifications of lochia amounts


Scant less than 1 inch stain on pad
Light 4 inch or less stain
Moderate 4-6-inch stain
Large/Heavy saturated pad in less than 1 hour
Excessive saturated pad in 15 minutes

VITAL SIGNS (VS)


TEMPERATURE – 97.6°F - 98.6°F axillary
HEART RATE – 120 bpm - 140 bpm
RESPIRATIONS – 30 - 60 breathes per minute

MEASUREMENT OF INFANT
HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE – 34cm - 35cm
CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE - 2cm - 33cm
WEIGHT – 2.5 kg - 3.4 kg
LENGTH – 46cm - 54cm

Rhogam

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

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