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ASSI
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GNMENT
Primasy Inclex
# Index_on_a_Set of field
2 Index that _i
that includes the Uniay
beimaiy Key and i$
wavantee! not to lontain
primary index Ballet)
have. Auplicetes
dupliactes.
# 906s not have_an impact on
KReguizes the Yous in |
data blocks to be ordered | hon the tows ave actrally | —
Cn the index Hey. Organized in dota blocks
2 18 onl ria: 4
index. | SCondary Indexes.
there ate no duplicts |_* thee Gan be dupliades |
in_the _primasy fey. in_+e ary index. |
bi)O«deved Indexing and HashingASSIGNMENT
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Static and yeas a. ci
7 se eae red pan.
index ings Seandary indexin
Cr.
v = as cm ‘ein
Avec t location of 1¢GulS en
£xplain_ -in_delail about. Be bees -and_tsan
Be Trees:-
The Bt tee is a balanad binary Sarch tree. Tt Follows a
oulti —Jevel index -fosmat
a the Bt tree, lear node denote the :actual data
Pointers: B+ sree enyres that all Mat rode vermin
at the Sane height:
sn the Bt tre0s the lene nodes are linked wing a hak —
Nist- thesefores Q Bt 4x00 Gon Support seurkra acces 0s
well as Sequential acces.
Shuctine of a Bt yee _____*
all D 5er
swir ASSIGNMENT
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ine era
Pixed for every _ pipet
Lett Contains an anternal nade and_leap nodes
TaN eee eg
[dn internal node of a+ bee bee (un atain at Least ne
[-eCoxd pointers except the wot _node-
[> Al most an inlerndl nade of tree Contains nl pointes. |
ei
| the leat node of Bee Gan (anda in at tawtnb reG@rd |
Poindens and nfo hey values pla
At mast sa teak pole Comtain'n’ re cad pounter § in'Key vchees
Phey wot leap mde @rbins one block pointe? tp point -fo
| next lens node»
dexed Seiandial 4 Accoy’ Methad):-
Wi ty
\ at sosted oiler based _o e
Qnd_an -index is maintained to -facilidate quick Seach
Laperations:
= The primasy advantage of Isam is Hird it. Combines
[ise erat of both Sequential and divect acco lo
| 84 Stens.
i rted in pBMS to _
aekvieval ond insertion operation.
aJ
ee
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Zethe_derecads in clla file_ate shred in sola
cider _bosed_on Key Piel
a) Index file: the index file_Qnlain jrdek: Lent ries ihich
“axe pointers tn Bloke" in ape ‘datafi a Re Sotled
Basted on key.
Dovertlow frea:-This is used to Store Now =
| Ose inserted beet Cannot fit into primary datd amen. Tt
S also ewganized in Sexted _rnannes.
ATA Re(ords. DATA Blocts IN_ Memory
RL ARCOLA,
RY AANCDBF
RS
{RS CoAKog
Lea Bee pen AACDBE
Explain -he ARIES Recowery Methed-When does a System recover
rom a crash ?retn what ordes must a -bansaction 62 undone
And redone? why iS this owler important?
ARIES ReGvesy Metads proces §:-
| Analysis phase.
= Rusing_nownal opescitioNs ARIES eas iii by tracsactinns
in th special Jog. fie.
i iff whi L exe. iv
ae parti i ithe,
Crosh-T
svar ripe
x Redo | phaser. gr,
= Sysleor sedoes all captertes “Lad Laske tepiald but not yet
written to dick at -the time of Che > _
-3:Undo pha: a
. [dM fhe wedo phe, Anes lives banactions tha
active bat nat Gm mited_at the time’ Of Cras
hen_tindlees “Ihe _dfanges made by these ransa clio
solling Back to Previowws Consistent Slate
sr
[3k system recovers tron a Cioih bee soe be
ec Process ed Abowe: This happens automati
are ov _yolled back:
>the ercler_of tindo and sedo iS pedo finsts ‘then undo”
ee of =the ordey:-
aerv;
aie weversedASSIGNMENT
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What ts aphaw locking Lees PL with ——
Sdvicd opt proto al? ‘ —
the & phase locking Oru) frotow! isa Donatengh eae _
Method ued in dvla fase Management system to_ensuse.—§
Raial’z of -hansaclios: Tt Consists of 9 phass- —
Li
Growing
| = hangactions @quine_lecks on eae: ee
them, But once toch is released, it Cannot be reacquired.
I Tn this phase, we Cannot release foc KG, ——______——
once atansaction seleae _locksit Connat request any
Additional locks:
DBiferences between apl and Strict gpli-
Two - Phase Locking pl)
Acquives tock s
dusting thonsaction
Execection. exeartion. #
lochs _can_Ce_yeleased | Locks es
bepore the tromactapelerseel only afte,
Grom tssviT
|
|
|Occka
Scala bility
-+Consistanay
ASSIGNMENT
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More Scalable due _|
lv lock release
desing bransaction —|
Cnsuse_@nsistenry
through lock _
Based Synchronization