Semester 1 Final Review Ch. 1 Introduetion to Chemistry Chemistry: its branches, technology, scientific method, and problem solving. 1. Know the definition of matter. n of chemistry 3. Know the scientific method. Matter and Change Properties of Matter 1. Know the following words: Physical vs Chemical properties and changes. 2. Categorize Matter as either homogeneous, heterogeneous, solution, compound, or, element. 3. Know the difference between physical & chemical properties. (Intensive vs extensive) 4. Know the difference between physical & chemical changes. Ch 3 Scientific Measurement 1. Know the basic units of the SI system. 2. Know the prefixes of the SI system (micro-Mega). 3. Know how to convert between units & prefixed units. ie. km tom 4. Know how to convert between different prefixed units. i. dm to km 5. Know how to convert between combinations & complex forms, i.e. mL to em3, em3 to dm3, km/h to m/sec 6. Kererre OTTO PIPL TETMOCT TMEPSTIT roast OT 8. Know how to use significant digits 9. KNOW HOW TO CONVERT USING DIMENTIONAL ANALYSIS. CH4 Atomic Structure 1. Defining the Aton a. Democritus to Dalton ideas about atoms b. Know the main point of Dalton’s Atomic Theory. 2. Structure of the Nuclear Atom. a. Identify the three subatomic particles. b. Thompson and the electron. c. Rutherford’s Atomic Model. 3. Distinguishing Between Atoms. a. Isotopes vs elements b. Atomic number, Atomic Mass, Mass Number. Know how to calculate the protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom, ¢. Into to the Periodic TableH 5 Electrons in Atoms Models of the Atoms a. Bohr’s Model of the atom. b. The quantum mechanical model. i. Principle quantum number: main energy level ii, Angular Momentum Quantum Number: sublevels (s,p.d,0) iii, Magnetic Quantum Number: Orientation in space. iv. Spin quantum number: right or left spin.(two electron per house) 2. Electron arrangement in Atoms: electron configuration. a, Long way Germanium #32 Is”, 2s”, 2p’, 3s”, 3p®, 4s*, 3d'°, 4p? Val electrons 4. b. Noble gas: Germanium #32 [Ar] 4s’, 3d'°, 4p’, Valance electrons 4. 3. Physics and Quantum Mechanical Model: a. The souree of electromagnetic spectrum. 'b. Electrons jump up into higher energy levels and fall down into lower levels releasing energy in the form of light. CH 6 The Periodic Table : 1. Organizing the Elements. a. The history of the Periodic Table. b. Three broad classes of elements 2. Classifying the Element a. describe the information in a periodic table , Classify elements based on electron configuration and valence electrons. ¢. Distinguish represented elements and transition metals. 3. Periodic Trends a, Describe trends involving, Atomic size, ionization energy, electronegativity. b. Explain how ion are formed CH 7 Ionic and Metallic Bonding 1. Tonic bonds a. Explain how the octet rule applies to ionic bonds. Metal with Nonmetal. b, Determine the number of valence electrons in an atom and predict whether it will gain or lose electrons (cation or anion) ©. Describe three properties of Tonic compounds d._ Typical lonic bonds form between active metals with active nonmetals. 2. Bonding in metals. a. Describe the arrangement of atoms and valence electrons in metallic bonds. b. Explain the importance of alloys. ¢. Describe three properties of Metallic Bonds. CH 8 Covalent Bonding I. Nature of Covalent bonds a, Sharing electrons and the octet rule b. Drawing electron dot diagrams (Lewis structures) ¢. Draw molecules showing double and triple bonds 4. Covalent vs Coordinate CovalentBonding Theories a. VSEPR theory and molecular geometry b. Hybridation involving Carbon. 3. Polar Bonds and Molecules a, Electronegativity differences determine the distribution of charge in polar molecules, b. Evaluate the strength of intermolecular attractions compared with the strength of ionic and nonpolar covalent bonds . Understand the nature of Network Covalent Molecules and the properties associated with them, CH 9 Chemical Names and Formulas Chemical formulas, subscripts, coefficients, naming and writing compounds: traditional system and stock system and acids, 1. Know the following terms: symbol, formula, subscript, and polyatomic ion. 2. Know how to give the formula of a named compound. 3. Know how to give the name of a compound from a formula. 4. Know how to use the tables of oxidation numbers and polyatomic ions. 5. Know the elements that exist as diatomic molecules. (List them) HOFBrINCIChapter 2 a. Give three physical properties 2 » b. ©. Classify as chemical or physical prop. e three chemical properties : . : color (¢ or p), reactivity (¢ or p), flammability (¢ oF p), ‘malleability (c or p), solubility (c or p), melting point (c or p), rusts(c or p). d. Classify as Homogeneous or Heterogeneous substances: chocolate milk (Ho or He), oxygen (Ho or He), magnesium (Ho or He), pizza (Ho or He), salt water (Ho or He), granite (Ho or He), and paint (Ho or He). Chapter 3 sions: Agra. mm Conversions: 4536 siogeg= 0.045 g 205k mg 10thm 135 21cm? 75.1m1 mm Slom* km? 9dg. g Y o£ ng 12X10? em mm 2.462 tg Problems: 1. Find the density of an object that has a mass of 45g and a volume of 25.0 ml. 2. Find the mass of an object that has a density of 4.5g/em3 and a volume of 11 ml. 3. Calculate the volume of an object in m3 that has a mass of 22kg and a density of 8.2kg/L, 4, The density of aluminum is 2.70 g/em3. Calculate the mass of aluminum that occupies 75.0 ml. 5. Convert to regular or scientific notation, a) 12300= b) 40120= ¢) 1120000= h) 2.12 x 10° d) 0.0000123= 1) 3.20 x 107 6. How many sig figs? 7300 0.00125 71253 5.012__s 100 7. Answer to the correct sig figs: a) 8542.3=__ ©) 42.124= b)213.213-12.3 )101x2134_ STi g) 2123/3143: d) 1.2x10°*4,2x10%= fh) 2.23x10° x 5.2x10"Chapter 4 1, How many protons neutrons, and electrons are in U-235 2. Calculate the average atomic mass of lead cont of Lead-206, 22.1% of Lead-207, 52.4% Lead-208. (Show Work) Chapter 5 Problems 1. Write the noble gas electron configuration and determine the valance electrons for... a. Lead b. Strontium c. Krypton 4. Sodium e. Aluminum f Chlorine Chapter 7 1. Show a dot structure for NaCl 2. Show a dot structure for CaCk, 3. Write the definition of an ionic bond 4, Write the definition of a metallic bond Chapter 8 Draw Lewis structure for the following, determine the geometry of 2,3,4,5,7. 1 hydrogen gas (Ha) 2.802 3. (103) 4.CCk 5. HCL 6. Cos 7.COz ing the following isotopes: 1.4% of Lead-204, 24.1% Of the molecules/polyatomic ions above, three show polarity, identify the three and show the relative positive and negative ends of the molecules.Chapter 9 Give the formu ) potassium nitrate 4) manganese (I1) oxide b) iron (III) chloride ©) ammonium bromide ) sodium carbonate £) tin (IV) phosphate Name the following: 1. CaCOs 4, AgBr 2. CuCh, 5. SnO¢ 3. SnS2 6. CdSOx Name the following molecular compounds 1.PCh en 3. SiOz ee _ 2.CCk 4.N:0s Write chemical formula for: Name the following acids 1. carbon disulfide 1. HNO3 _ - 2. dinitrogen trioxide 2. H2SOy 3. oxygen difluoride 3. HCI 4. nitrogen monoxide 4, HCHO: Write the chemical formulas for the following acids: 1. phosphoric acid 5. phosphorous acid. 2. hydrobromic acid 6. chlorous acid 3. sulfuric acid ___7- hydroiodie acid Chapter 10 Calculate the Molar mass (to the nearest .1 grams) of 1. Ca(OH) 2. Iron (III) Carbonate 1. How many oxygen atoms are present in 0.500 mol of CO;? 2. How many moles are present in 10.37 g of LiF? 3. What is the empirical formula for a compound that is 43.6% phosphorous and 56.4% oxygen?4. What is the empirical formula for a compound that is 7.9% lithium and 92.1% bromine? 5. A compounds empirical formula is N2Os. Ifthe molar mass is 108 amu, what is the molecular formula? 6. Find the percent composition of Cas(PO.)> 7. Calculate the Percent composition, empirical formula, and molecular formula of Acetaminophen if'a 10.002 sample contains 6.36g carbon, .596g hydrogen, .927g nitrogen and 2.11 g oxygen and the molar mass is 151.15 g/mol.omit lM Ase ot The Mea Cn ne Name Date Cass, CHAPTER Su aS Section 7.3 Names and Formulas for tonic Compounds In your textbook, read about communicating what is in a compound and naming ions and ionic compounds. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage. anion ate cation electrons zero lower right monatomic one oxidation number ite oxyanion polyatomic subscript, ‘Acone-atomn ion is called a(n) (1)__ ion. ‘The charge of such an ion is equal 10 the atom’s (2) . Which is the number of (3) ‘transferred to or from the atom to form the ion. In ionie compounds, the sum of the charges of all the ions equals (4) Tons made up of more than one atom are called (5) ions. 1f such an ion is negatively charged and includes one or more oxygen atoms, it is called a(n) (6) ______.. If two such ions can be formed that contain different numbers of oxygen atoms, the name for the ion with more oxygen atoms ends with the suffix (7) ___. The name for the ion with fewer oxygen atoms ends with (8) In the chemical formula for any ionic compound, the chemical symbol for the 1 —_ (10), —_______. Ata) (190, is a small number used to ‘written first, followed by the chemical symbol for the represent the number of ions of a given element in a chemical formula. Such numbers dre written to the (12) of the symbol for the element, Ifno number appears, the assumption is that the number equals (13) For each formula in Column A, write the letter of the matching name in Column B. Column A Column B 14. C10,- a. chlorate 15. ClO.” b, hypochlorite 16. ClO~ ©. chloride —— 7.0r d._ perchlorate 18. Clo, e. chlorite study Guide Chem’stry: Matter and Change * Chapter? 75Name Date ids a aa Section 7.3 continued For each of the following chemical formulas, write the correct name of the fonie compound represented. You may refer to the periodic table on pages 156-157 and Table 8.7 for help. 19, Net ___ - 20. CaCl, 21. KS 22. MgO - - . 23. LiHSO, 24, NH,Br - 25. Ca,N, - 26. Cs,P — 27. KBrO, —— 28. Mg(Ci0), _ 29. Li,0, - 30. Bes(PO,), 31. (NH),CO, _ _ — 32, NaBrO, 33. Fe,0; 34, Fe(10;), _ - For each of the following ionic compounds, write the correct formula for the compound. ‘You may refer to the periodic table on pages 156-157 and Table 8.7 for help. 35, beryllium nitride 36. nickel(I1) chloride 23 37. potassium chlorite 38. copper(I) oxide _ ~ — 39. magnesium sulfite = 2 — 40, ammonium sulfide 41. calcium iodate 42, iron(II) perchlorate 443, sodium nitride 76 Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter 7 Study Guide Coeh 8 Giacomo MerChemistry Period Name Date Ch VSEPR Model - Molecular Geometry Use the given Lewis Dot Structure for the molecules to predict their Electron Pair Geometry , their Molecular Geometry and their polarity. lrotat #e lee i | Approx. #€° lelectron Pair Hof Bond. |#ofFree| Molecular | Polar / Lewis Dot Structure Pair | Geometry | 5°74 | e-pairs | ePairs | Geometry | Non-Polar Domains Angle 7 aichioveabene ay 3 a BectLewis Dot Structure lrotal # en Pair Domains ‘lectron Pair Geometry Approx. Bond Angle # of Bond. © Pairs 4 of Free| Pairs Molecular Geometry Polar / ‘Non-PolarLewis Dot Structure fearee a Domains tron Pair Geometry Approx. Angle # of Bond. e Pairs 4 of Free’ ePairs Molecular Polar / ‘Non-Polar|Lewis Dot Structure [Total # e° Pair Domains Tosa Geometry Approx. Bond Angle #of Bond. Pairs 4 of Free ePairs Molecular Geometry Polar / ‘Non-Polar| 30 32 Ee 34 36 7 38 40