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The Causes of Earthquake

The document discusses the different causes of earthquakes: 1. Tectonic earthquakes occur at plate boundaries and are caused by the buildup and sudden release of pressure between tectonic plates as they move and interact. 2. Induced earthquakes can be triggered by human activities like tunneling, reservoir filling, fracking, or geothermal operations. 3. Volcanic earthquakes are caused by pressure fluctuations from magma movement underground near volcanoes. 4. Collapse earthquakes are small quakes triggered in underground spaces like caves and mines by seismic waves from surface rock bursts.

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78 views2 pages

The Causes of Earthquake

The document discusses the different causes of earthquakes: 1. Tectonic earthquakes occur at plate boundaries and are caused by the buildup and sudden release of pressure between tectonic plates as they move and interact. 2. Induced earthquakes can be triggered by human activities like tunneling, reservoir filling, fracking, or geothermal operations. 3. Volcanic earthquakes are caused by pressure fluctuations from magma movement underground near volcanoes. 4. Collapse earthquakes are small quakes triggered in underground spaces like caves and mines by seismic waves from surface rock bursts.

Uploaded by

bugaspearl0
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Causes of Earthquake

The crust of the Earth is made up of seven main lithospheric plates and several smaller
plates. These plates move in the same direction (a convergent boundary), away from each other
(a divergent boundary), or past each other (a transform boundary).

Earthquakes occur as a result of a rapid release of tension along faults in the earth's crust.
The continual movement of tectonic plates generates a slow build-up of pressure in the rock
layers on both sides of a fault until the tension is sufficient to trigger a sudden, jerky shift.
Seismic energy waves move through the ground and over its surface, creating the shaking we
experience as earthquakes.

Tectonic Earthquakes

- Tectonic earthquakes occur at plate tectonic boundaries. Tectonic plates move gently
all the time, yet friction between them can force them to lock together and become
immobile. The remaining plates continue to move, increasing pressure on the locked
part. The locked part eventually gives way to the strain, and the plates pass quickly
past each other. This movement results in a tectonic earthquake.

Induced Earthquakes

- Human activity, such as tunnel building, reservoir filling, and the implementation of
geothermal or fracking operations, causes induced quakes.

Volcanic Earthquakes

- A volcanic tectonic earthquake is triggered by magma movement under the Earth's


surface. The movement causes pressure fluctuations where the rock around the
magma has been stressed. This tension may eventually cause the rock to crack or
shift. Scientists utilize this seismic activity to monitor volcanoes. The earthquakes
might potentially be caused by dike intrusion or happen as a swarm.

Collapse Earthquakes

- Little earthquakes in underground caves and mines triggered by seismic waves


created by the burst of rock on the surface are known as collapse earthquakes.

The Causes of Floods

There are several reasons of floods, and the following are the most common.

1. Heavy Rainfall
- Rain can fall so quickly during heavy rainfall, such as during a thunderstorm, that it is
impossible to permeate the ground, resulting in a fast increase in surface runoff and the
possibility of a flash flood (rapid rise in river discharge).

2. Overflowing Rivers

- During an overflow, areas near rivers are more likely to flood. If you reside in such a
location, you must secure your property from river flooding. You may construct a series
of dams and manage them effectively.

3. Collapsed Dams

- Dam collapses or levee breaches can happen fast and unexpectedly, creating significant
flash floods in the surrounding region and inflicting property damage and loss of life.

4. Snowmelt

- A snowmelt flood occurs when melting snow is a primary source of the water involved.
Unlike rainfall, which reaches the soil nearly immediately, snow holds water until it
melts, delaying the delivery of water for days, weeks, or even months.

5. Climate Change

- Uncontrolled human activities can lead to climate changes, which cause flooding in
many areas. Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere will rise as a result of widespread
deforestation, creating climatic changes related to flooding hazards.

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