TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER
TITLE PAGE NO
NO
ABSTRACT iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
TABLE OF CONTENT v
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS AND SYMBOLS ix
I INTRODUCTION 1

1.1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.2. NEED FOR THE STUDY 2

II SURVEY WORK/DATA COLLECTION 3

2.1. SITE LOCATION 3
2.1.1. CRITERIA FOR SITE LOCATION 3
2.1.2. DETAILED SITE LOCATION 3
2.1.3. SITE LAYOUT 4
2.2. CODAL PROVISION REFERRED 5
2.3. PROJECT DETAILS 5
2.3.1. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 5
2.3.2. SPECIAL FEATURES 5
III DRAWING DETAILS(Revit) 6
3.1. ELEVATION VIEW 6
3.2. STRUCTURAL DRAWING 8
3.2.1. BEAM LAYOUT 9
3.2.2. COLUMN LAYOUT 9
3.2.3. SLAB LAYOUT 9
IV STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 10
4.1. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 10
4.1.1. ANALYSIS (STAAD PRO) 10
4.1.2. ANALYSIS (MANUAL) 11

v
 4.2. DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS 14
4.2.1. DESIGN OF BEAM (FLANGED) 14
4.2.2. DESIGN OF BEAM (PLINTH) 19
4.2.3. DESIGN OF COLUMN 24
4.2.4. DESIGN OF SLAB (TWO WAY) 27
4.2.5. DESIGN OF SLAB (ONE WAY) 31
4.2.6. DESIGN OF FOOTING 35
4.2.7. DESIGN OF STAIRCASE 38
4.3. REINFORCEMENT DETAILING 42
4.3.1. BEAM DETAILING 42
4.3.2. COLUMN DETAILING 43
4.3.3. SLAB DETAILING 44
4.3.4. FOOTING DETAILING 45
4.3.5. STAIRCASE DETAILING 46
QUANTITY SURVEYING AND COST 47
V ESTIMATION
5.1. ESTIMATOR 2.0 47
5.2. QUANTITY AND COST ABSTRACT 47
DAYLIGHT AND ENERGY ESTIMATION 55
VI
6.1. AUTODESK ECOTECT 55
6.2. DAYLIGHT FACTORS 55
6.3. RESULTS ON ANALYSIS 58
VII CONCLUSION 59
7.1. CONCLUSION 59
VIII REFERENCE 60
8.1. REFERENCE 60
IX ANNEXURE 61
9.1. ANNEXURE A 61
9.2. ANNEXURE B 62

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE NO.

2.1 SITE 4
3.1 ELEVATION FRONT VIEW OF THE BUILDING 6
3.2 ELEVATION SIDE VIEW OF THE BUILDING 7
3.3 ELEVATION NIGHT VIEW OF THE BUILDING 7
3.4 ELEVATION INTERIOR VIEW OF THE BUILDING 8
3.5 BEAM LAYOUT 8
3.6 COLUMN LAYOUT 9
3.7 SLAB LAYOUT 9
4.1 DESIGN OF BEAM 43
4.2 DESIGN OF COLUMN 43
4.3 DESIGN OF SLAB 44
4.4 DESIGN OF FOOTING 45
4.5 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE 46
6.1 DAYLIGHT FACTOR 55
6.2 DAYLIGHT LEVELS 56
6.3 DAYLIGHT REFLECTED INTERNALLY 56
6.4 DAYLIGHT REFLECTED EXTERNALLY 57
6.5 TOTAL EXTERNAL RADIATION 57
9.1 SITE LAYOUT PLAN 61
9.2 GROUND FLOOR PLAN 61
9.3 FIRST FLOOR PLAN 61
9.4 SEPTIC TANK PLAN 61

9.5 RAINWATER HARVESTING PLAN 61

9.6 STAIRCASE PLAN 61
9.7 SECTIONAL VIEW OF THE BUILDING 61
9.8 SECTIONAL VIEW OF SEPTIC TANK 61
9.9 SECTIONAL VIEW OF RAINWATER HARVESTING 61

vii
9.10 SECTIONAL VIEW OF STAIRCASE 61
9.11 ELEVATION VIEW OF THE BUILDING 61
9.12 PROPERTIES OF THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS 63
9.13 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE SUPPORTS 63
9.14 SECTIONAL VIEW OF THE BUILDING 64
9.15 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE BEAMS 64
9.16 LOAD DISTRIBUTION DUE TO SELF WEIGHT 65
9.17 LOAD DISTRIBUTION DUE TO LIVE LOAD 65
9.18 LOAD DISTRIBUTION DUE TO WALL LOAD 66
9.19 LOAD DISTRIBUTION DUE TO ULS COMBINATION 66
9.20 ANALYSIS OF FORCES 67
9.21 RENDERED VIEW OF THE BUILDING 67
9.22 BEAM DESIGN OUTPUT 68
9.23 COLUMN DESIGN OUTPUT 68
9.24 CONCRETE TAKE OFF 69

viii
 LIST OF SYMBOLS ABBREVATION

fck = Characteristic compressive strength

fy = Characteristic strength of steel
Ast = Area of steel reinforcement
Asc = Area of compression steel

Ag = Gross area of section

Asv = Cross section area of vertical stirrups

Mu = Design moment

Pu = Factored axial load

Pt = Percentage of steel

Sv = Spacing of stirrups
BM = Bending Moment
d1 = Effective cover of beam slab
b = Breadth of beam or slab
D = Overall depth of beam or slab
b = Breadth of column
d = Effective depth of beam or slab
MR = Moment of Resistance

P = Axial load

V = Shear force

W = Total load

SBC = Soil Bearing Capacity

c/c = centre to centre

M = Modular ratio

dia = Diameter of rod

% = Percentage

ix
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The importance of energy efficiency and lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has
been emphasised in recent years because of higher energy prices and increased awareness
of climate change. The current climate change being witnessed is mainly caused by
energy related GHG emissions from fossil fuel utilisation. Based on data from the European
Union, the existing build stock currently accounts for around 40% of the total energy
consumption and 36% of the CO2 emissions in the European Union, and the building
sector is still expanding. Increasing the energy efficiency of the building sector is
required to lower the total energy consumption and CO2 emissions significantly. This
relates to both new and existing buildings as 75% of the building stock is estimated to be
inefficient in terms of energy use.
There have been many studies focusing on individual steps over the past years, but a holistic
overview is missing. This book aims to summarize strategies, concepts and technologies
that can improve the energy efficiency of buildings in cold climates. Also, some case
studies looking at the implementation of such strategies and concepts are given and
discussed. The book addresses and discusses the following ideas:
1. how can intelligent buildings be designed in cold climates?
2. how can we evolve to a more energy efficient and sustainable building sector; and,
3. how can the building stock in cold climate develop towards European targets and
directives?

1
 1.2 NEED FOR STUDY

• To study the Stakeholder necessities of an energy efficient residential building and define
the project scope.

• To draw the plan, section, and elevation of the proposed residential building.
• To draft the building using Auto CADD software as per NBC norms.

• To design the elevation view of the building using Revit.

• To design the structural elements manually and to analyse the building using Stadd pro
software.
• To estimate the whole structure using Estimator 2.0.
• To analyse the daylight factor in building using Autodesk Ecotect
• To know about the design process clearly.

2
 CHAPTER 2
SURVEY WORK/DATA COLLECTION

2.1 SITE LOCATION

Our Site is located at Omaluran street in Salem

2.1.1 CRITERIA FOR SITE SELECTION

• Orientation, layout, and location on site will all influence the amount of sun a building
receives and therefore its year-round temperatures and comfort
• Be flat or north sloping
• Be free of obstruction to the north (and be unlikely to be built out in future).
• Be able to accommodate a building with a relatively large north-facing wall or walls for
maximum solar gain (as well as north-facing outdoor areas if those are wanted).

Our site satisfies all the above criteria.

2.1.2 DETAILED SITE LOCATION

Our Site is located at Omaluran street in Salem which is located at
• 20 km from Salem Airport
• Latitude & Longitude = 11⁰50’03” N & 77⁰56’34” E

3
2.1.3 SITE LAYOUT

The above picture is taken from the google earth using Google Earth pro software

 The site has been in google earth.

Google earth is a geo browser that accesses satellite and aerial imagery, topography,
and other geographical data over to represent the earth as a three-dimensional globe.it is
also called “geographic browser”.

 The site has been plotted and the dimensions are marked using google earth pro
software
 Google Earth Pro has all the easy-to-use features and detailed imagery of Google
Earth, along with advanced tools that help you measure 3D buildings, print high-

4
 resolution images for presentations or reports, and record HD movies of your virtual
flights around the world,” said Google Earth Pro product manager Stafford
2.2 CODAL PROVISIONS REFERRED

• IS 456:2000 - Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete

• IS 800:2007- Code of practice for general construction in steel

• National Building Code of India

• Tamil Nadu Building bye laws code book

• Design aids for Reinforced Concrete

2.3 PROJECT DETAILS

2.3.1 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

• Our site Area: 401.34 sq.m

• Build up Area: 292.64 sq.m
• Height of the Building: 8 metres
• Soil Type: Black Cotton Soil
• SBC of 300N/𝑚𝑚2
• Number of people can reside-10no.s
• Parking Area: Outdoor Parking.
• North Facing, G+1 floor
• Setbacks are provided as per NBC
• All provisions are based on NBC norms.
2.3.2 SPECIAL FEATURES:

• Provision of indoor library

• Provision of mini theatre
• Provision of sufficient parking facilities
• Provision of party hall with dining
• Rainwater harvesting
• Solar power plants for the sustainability
• All provisions are based on NBC no

5
 CHAPTER 3
DRAWING DETAILS (Revit)

3.1. ELEVATION VIEW

Fig 3.1 ELEVATION FRONT VIEW OF THE BUILDING

6
Fig 3.2 ELEVATION SIDE VIEW OF THE BUILDING

Fig 3.3 ELEVATION NIGHT VIEW OF THE BUILDING

7
 Fig 3.14 ELEVATION INTERIOR VIEW OF THE BUILDING

3.2. STRUCTURAL DRAWING:

3.2.1 BEAM LAYOUT

Fig 3.5 BEAM LAYOUT

8
3.2.2 COLUMN LAYOUT

Fig 3.6 COLUMN LAYOUT

3.2.3 SLAB LAYOUT

Fig 3.7 SLAB LAYOUT

9
 CHAPTER 4

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

4.1 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

The model is generated using Staad Pro Software and the analysis of frames is done using
the stiffness method in the software. Staad Pro is a general-purpose tool for performing
the analysis and design of a wide variety of type of structures. The 3 basic activities
which are carried out by the software is,

1) Model Generation
2) The calculations to obtain the analytical results
3) Reports in post processing and verification of data
After the load calculations, the analysis part is the most important to check the stability of
the structure. Perform analysis is selected once and in the output file, the results are
displayed. Then the postprocessing tab helps to gather the reports of Shear Forces, Bending
Moments, Displacements, and the Reaction forces can be determined. This can be viewed
as a Summary of the entire project or even for a single node/beam/column. The loads given
as an input are also considered along with the combination of all maximum loads generated
if given. This report ensures the stability check for a structure.

4.1.1 ANALYSIS PROCEDURE (STAAD PRO)

The procedure for analysis using the Staad Pro Software

 The skeleton of the structure is formed using the node (coordinates) method.
 Fixed support is provided at all nodes at the base.
 Load definitions are given.
 Perform analysis command is selected.
 The required design parameters are added and the concrete design for the beams and
columns is taken off.
 The analysis is done using Perform Analysis option once and Run Analysis option
after several modifications.
10
 The postprocessing tab is used for further report making purposes

4.1.4 PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS (MANUAL)

 Load calculation is done for Slab, Beam, and Column.

 Dead load and Live loads will be found for the frames.
 Then with that general loads the exact load from the beam will be found that is
uniformly distributed loads (udl) will be found.
 With that udl using moment distribution method maximum Moment and Shear
force will be found.
 Total loads will be calculated for all floors.

LOAD CALCULATION:
SLAB:
Live load = 2 kN/m^2
Thickness of slab = 125mm
Self-weight = (0.125x25) +1.375(floor finishes) = 4.5kN/m^2
Total load = 6.5kN/m^2
Beam load:
Cross-section of dimension = 230x350mm
Wall thickness = 230mm
Wall height = 3m
Roof beam loads:
Self-weight = 0.23x0.35x25 = 2.01kN/m
Wall load = 0.23x3x(19+3.65) = 15.62kN/m
Total load = 17.63kN/m
Calculation of loads on plinth beam, Roof beam, Column, and Slab:
Loads:

1. Slab = 6.5kN/m^2
2. Roof beam load = 17.63kN/m

11
LOAD ON BEAM: (X-direction)
Load from slab = wxl/4 = (6.5x6.24)/4 = 10.14kN/m
Load from beam = 17.63kN/m
Load on Beam = 27.77kN/m

Total load and moments on beam:

Considering one frame (X-direction)
𝟐𝟕. 𝟕𝟕𝐤𝐍 ∕ 𝐦

C1 C2
𝟔. 𝟐𝟒𝒎

Fixed End Moments 𝒘𝒍𝟐

= 𝟏𝟐

Shear Force = 𝒘𝒍
𝟐

FEM = (27.77x(6.24) ^2)/12 = 90kNm

Shear Force = (27.77x6.24)/2 = 86.64kN

Considering one frame (Y-direction)

𝟐𝟑. 𝟑𝟏𝐤𝐍
∕𝐦

C1 C3
𝟑. 𝟓𝒎

𝒘𝒍𝟐
Fixed End Moments
𝟏𝟐
=
12
 Shear Force 𝒘𝒍
= 𝟐

FEM = (27.77x(3.5) ^2)/12 = 23.8kNm

Shear Force = (27.77x3.5)/2 = 81.58kN
Total load on individual column:
Total load = [(sum of load on X & Y direction) x4(floor nos) x1.5(FOS)]
Total load on C1 = 1009.32kN
Total load on C2 = 937.3kN
Total load on C3 = 846.18kN
Total load on individual footing:
Total load = [(sum of load on X & Y direction) x4(floor nos) x2(FOS)]
Total load on C1 = 1345.76kN
Total load on C2 = 1249.36kN
Total load on C3 =
1128.24kN

Distribution Factor
Distribution
Joint Member Stiffness Total stiffness
Factor
4I/6.24 + 4I/3.5
BA 4I/L = 4I/6.24 = 1.78 I 0.36
B
4I/6.24 + 4I/3.5
BC 4I/L = 4I/3.5 0.64
= 1.78 I

Moment Distribution Table

Joint A B C
Member AB BA BC CB
DF - 0.36 0.64 -
FEM -90 90 -90 23.8
Dist 90 0 0 -23.8
CO 0 45 -11.9 0
Dist 0 -16.2 7.616 0
CO 0 3.808 -8.1 0
Dist 0 -1.37 5.184 0
CO 0 2.582 -0.685 0
Dist 0 -0.93 0.4384 0
CO 0 0.2192 -0.465 0
Dist 0 -0.0788 0.2976 0
CO 0 0.1488 -0.03945 0
13
 Dist 0 -0.53 0.53 0
End Moment 0 122.64 -122.64 0

14
4.2 DESIGN OF STRUCTUAL MEMBERS:

4.2.1 DESIGN OF BEAM: (ROOF BEAM)

DATA:
1.clear span = 6240mm
2.Max Mu = 90 kNm

3. Max SF = 86.64 kN
4. Grade of steel = Fe 415
5.Grade of concrete= M25
6.Supported on wall of 230mm thickness
7.Beam type = Continuous beam
DESIGN:
The beam is designed as continuous beam
From Pg no.37 of IS 456
DEPTH OF NEAUTRAL AXIS\

Assume 2 no of 20mm dia in Tension

Ast = 628mm^2
bf = L0/6+bw+(6Df)
= 5.30/6+0.23+6(0.15)
= 2.013m
bf = bw+1/2(6.24)
bf = 3.35m
Take less value, bf=2.013m
Df=0.15m
bw=0.23
m
d=415mm
b=230mm
Xu/d=0.87x415x628/0.36x25x230x415
Xu/d=0.264, Xumax/d=0.48(From IS 456 pg.no 71)
Xu/d<limiting value
15
Therefore, NA lies within flange
MOR= 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑦
0.87𝑥𝑓𝑦𝑥𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 𝑑 [1 − ]
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘
MOR= 83kNm
Hence safe
EFFECTIVE DEPTH CALCULATION
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
= 20(on the safer side)
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ
Actually 26 Therefore,
Eff depth= Span/20
6240/20=d=312mm(appx.)
TOTAL DEPTH CALCULATION FOR THE GIVEN BM
Mu= 135kNm(from MANUAL ANALYSIS MAX Mu)
Assuming the beam as balanced
𝑀𝑢 = 0.36 [1 – 042
𝑥𝑢𝑀𝑎𝑥
] 𝑏𝑑2𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑥𝑢𝑀𝑎𝑥
𝑑
𝑑

Assuming the beam as balanced

𝑥𝑢𝑀𝑎𝑥
𝑀𝑢 = 0.36 [1 − 0.42 𝑥𝑢𝑀𝑎𝑥 ]230𝑥𝑑2𝑥25
𝑑 𝑑

d=412mm =415mm
Assume clear cover=25mm
Assume dia=16mm
Effective cover = clear cover+ dia/2
=25+16/2
=33mm = 35mm
Total depth = effective depth+effective cover
=415+35(mm)
=450mm
CALCULATION OF Mu lim:

16
Assuming the beam as balanced section,

17
 Mu lim =0.36𝑥 [
1 − 0.42 ] 𝑏𝑑2𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑥𝑢𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑥𝑢𝑀𝑎𝑥

𝑑 𝑑

Mu lim =160.64 kNm

Mu lim > Mu
Therefore, safe and design the beam as under reinforced.
CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT:
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 0.87𝑥𝑓𝑦𝑥𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 𝑑 [1 − ]
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘
On substituting the values,we got Ast= 1118𝑚𝑚2
Assuming 20 mm dia bars,
1118
Number of bars 𝜋×202
= 3.5= 4 no.s
= 4

Ast provided= 3x area of one bar

=1256𝑚𝑚2
CHECK OR MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM Ast:
Check for minimum Ast:
𝐴𝑆𝑡 0.85
𝑏𝑑 =
𝑓𝑦

0.85×230×415
= 195.5𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠𝑡 415

Satisfies the condition

Check for maximum Ast:
0.04bD=0.04x230x450=4140𝑚𝑚2
Satisfies the condition
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
Fy=86.4kN (From manual report)
Vu=230.67kN
230×1000
τv=Vu/bd = =2.41N/𝑚𝑚2
18
230×415

19
PERCENTAGE OF STEEL:
𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥100
= =1.31%
𝑏𝑑
From table-19 of IS 456 τc=0.71 therefore τv>τc therefore shear reinforcement should be
provided
Vuc=τc x bd
=0.71x 230x 415=67769.5N
Vus=Vu-Vuc
=230000-67769.5
=162230N
Use 2 legged 8mm dia vertical stirups of Fe 415 steel
Area of shear reinforcement:
𝐴𝑠𝑣 = 0.785 × 82 × 2

= 100.48𝑚𝑚2
Spacing of stirups:
0.87×415×0.785×82×415×2
𝑆𝑣 = 162230

=185=180mm
Therefore, provide 180mm c/c spacing
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
< 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑥 26
𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
𝑓𝑠𝑡 = 0.58𝑥𝑓𝑦𝑥
�𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
1118
𝑓𝑠𝑡 = 0.58 × 4 ×
1256
=214 percentage=1.31%
MF=0.85(pg no. 39 of IS-456)

20
 (Span/depth) prov=6240/415=15.036
(Span/depth) max =26x MF
=26 x 0.85
= 22>15.036 Therefore, safe in deflection
RESULT:

21
4.2.2 DESIGN OF BEAM: (PLINTH BEAM)
DATA:

1. clear span =

3500mm 2.Max Mu

=23.8 kNm 3.Max SF

= 81.58 kN

4.Grade of steel = Fe 415

5.Grade of concrete= M25

6.Supported on wall of 230mm thickness

7.Beam type = Continuous beam

DESIGN:
The beam is designed as continuous beam
From Pg no.37 of IS 456

EFFECTIVE DEPTH CALCULATION

𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
= 20(on the safer side)
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ
Actually 26 Therefore,

Eff depth= Span/20

3500/20=d=175mm(appx.)

TOTAL DEPTH CALCULATION FOR THE GIVEN BM

Mu= 35.7kNm(from MANUAL ANALYSIS MAX Mu)

Assuming the beam as balanced

𝑥𝑢𝑀𝑎𝑥
𝑀𝑢 = 0.36 [1 – 042 ] 𝑏𝑑2𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑥𝑢𝑀𝑎𝑥
𝑑
𝑑

𝑥𝑢𝑀𝑎𝑥
Assuming the beam as balanced 𝑀𝑢 = 0.36 [1 − 0.42 𝑥𝑢𝑀𝑎𝑥
22
 ]230𝑥𝑑2𝑥25
𝑑 𝑑
d=215mm =215mm

23
 Assume clear cover=25mm

Assume dia=16mm

Effective cover = clear cover+ dia/2

=25+16/2

=33mm = 35mm

Total depth = effective depth+effective cover

=215+35(mm)

=250mm

CALCULATION OF Mu lim:

Assuming the beam as balanced section,

𝑥𝑢𝑀𝑎𝑥
Mu lim =0.36𝑥 [
1 − 0.42
𝑑 𝑥𝑢𝑀𝑎𝑥
] 𝑏𝑑2𝑓𝑐𝑘
Mu lim =185.43 kNm 𝑑

Mu lim > Mu
Therefore, safe and design the beam as under reinforced.

CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT:

𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 0.87𝑥𝑓𝑦𝑥𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 𝑑 [1 − ]
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘

On substituting the values,we got Ast= 570𝑚𝑚2

Assuming 16 mm dia bars,

Number of bars 570

𝜋×202
= 1.8= 2 no.s
= 4
Ast provided= 2x area of one bar

=628.31𝑚𝑚2

CHECK OR MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM Ast:

Check for minimum Ast:

24
𝐴𝑆𝑡 0.85
=
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑦
0.85×230×215
= 101.2𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠𝑡 415

Satisfies the condition

Check for maximum Ast:

0.04bD=0.04x230x250=2300𝑚𝑚2

Satisfies the condition

CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Fy=81.58kN (From manual report)

Vu=125.225kN
125.225×1000
τv=Vu/bd = =2.53N/𝑚𝑚2
230×415

PERCENTAGE OF STEEL:

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥100
= =1.27%
𝑏𝑑

From table-19 of IS 456 τc=0.71 therefore τv>τc therefore shear reinforcement should be
provided
Vuc=τc x bd
=0.71x 230x 215=35109.5N

Vus=Vu-Vuc

=125225-35109.5

=90115.5N

Use 2 legged 8mm dia vertical stirups of Fe 415 steel

Area of shear reinforcement:

𝐴𝑠𝑣 = 0.785 × 82 × 2
= 100.48𝑚𝑚2

25
Spacing of stirups:

0.87×415×0.785×82×215×2
𝑆𝑣 = 162230 =86.59=80mm

Therefore, provide 80mm c/c spacing

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
< 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑥 26
𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
𝑓𝑠𝑡 = 0.58𝑥𝑓𝑦𝑥
�𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑

𝑓𝑠𝑡 = 0.58 × 415 × 570

629

=218 percentage=1.31%

MF=0.85(pg no. 39 of IS-456)

(Span/depth) prov=3500/215=16.27

(Span/depth) max =26x MF

=26 x 0.85

= 22>16.27

Therefore, safe in deflection

26
RESULT:

27
4.2.3 DESIGN OF COLUMN:

DATA 230mm
Pu = 1009.32 kN
Mu = 90 kNm
Clear Span= 3m 450mm

EFFECTIVE LENGTH CALCULATION: (PG.94 IS:456)

Pg no. 94 Type – 2 (Effective Length = 0.80l)
Therefore, Leff = 0.80 × 3 = 2.4m
FIND SHORT COLUMN OR LONG COLUMN: (PG.41 IS:456)
Leff/b = 2.4/0.23 = 10.43 < 12
Leff/D = 2.4/0.45 = 5.33 < 12
Therefore, the column is designed as short column.
CHECK FOR ECCENTRICITY: (PG.42 IS:456)
From page no. 42 of IS-456
e=L/500+B/30 (or) 20mm > 0.05D (uniaxial bending)
Check,
e= 3000/500 + 230/30 = 13.664
13.66 (or) 20mm < 22.5 (0.05D)
Therefore, the column is safe in eccentricity.
ECCENTRICITY CALCULATION:
Here, from the Manual Analysis, we have
Pu = 1009.32kN and Mu = 90kNm
Therefore, e=Mu/Pu=90×106/25×230×450=34>20
Therefore, we have to design for this bending moment Mu.
AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED:
Pu/Fck bd = 1009.32×103/25×230×450 =
0.39 Mu/Fck bd = 90×106/25×230×4502 =
28
0.07

29
Assume 16mm of bars and clear cover = 30mm, Eff Cover d’= 40 + 16/2 = 48mm d’/D =
38/450 = 0.10
For 0.39 and 0.07 P/Fck = 0.4 (Design Aids Pg.117)
[(Assume the rods are equally distributed on two sides), Pg.117, Rectangular, Fe415,
equal dist two sides, d’/D=0.10]
P=0.04 × Fck = 0.04 × 25= 1

Ast = (P/100) ×bd = 943mm2

NO OF BARS:
Assume 16mm dia bars,
No of Bars = 943/ (π (16)2)/4=4.6~6 Nos
CHECK FOR MIN SPACING B/W BARS:
= [450-2(40) – 4(16)]/3
= 102 mm > 25 mm and also the bar dia.
Hence Satisfies.
DESIGN OF LATERAL TIES:
Dia of lateral ties > dia of main bar/4 (or) 6 mm
PITCH:
1)300 mm
2)16D = 16×16 = 256 mm
3) b = 230 mm
Therefore, provide 6 mm dia bars at 230 mm c/c spacing

30
RESULT

31
4.2.4 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB:

GIVEN

Type of panel: TWO ADJACENT EDGES DISCONTINUOUS

Clear Span = 4.87×3.57 M

Grade of Steel = Fe 415

Grade of concrete =M25=1:1:2

FIND WHETHER ONE WAY OR TWO SLAB

Eff shorter span = Lx=3.57 m

Longer span = Ly=4.87 m

(Longer span÷short span) =(Ly÷Lx) = (4.87÷3.57)

=1.36 m

LOAD CALCULATIONS

Assume Live load =3000 N/m

Finishers =1000 N/m

Self-weight =0.15×25×1000=3750 N/m

Total load =6750 N/m

Factored load =10125 N/m

BENDING MOMENT CALCULATIONS

(Should be calculated for both longer and shorter span both +ve and -ve moment)

Shorter span=Mx= 𝛼𝑥 𝑤𝑙𝑥2

=Ly/Lx=1.36 m

NEGATIVE MOMENT:

αx=0.0686 Mx= (0.0686) (10125) (3.57) ^2

32
 =8863

=8.863×10^3 Nm

=8.863×10^6 Nmm
From pg-96 of IS-456
Mu=0.87×fy×Ast×d ((1) -(Ast×415) ÷(b×d×fck))
8.863×10^6=0.87×415×Ast×125[(1) -(Ast×415) ÷ (1000×125×25)]
Ast=201𝒎𝒎𝟐
POSITIVE MOMENT:

αx=0.0514 Mx= 0.0514×10125×3.57^2

=6.64×106Nmm

6.64×10^6=0.87×415×Ast×125[(1) -(Ast×415) ÷ (1000×125×25)]

Ast= 150 𝒎𝒎𝟐

LONGER SPAN:
My =𝛼𝑦𝑤𝑙𝑥2
Ly/lx = 1.36
NEGATIVE MOMENT:

αy=0.047

My=0.047×10125×3.57^2

=6.072×10^6 NMM

Ast=?

6.072×10^6=0.87×fy×Ast×d[(1)-(Ast×fy) ÷(b×d×fck)]

Ast= 140 MM ^2

POSITIVE MOMENT:

αy=0.035

My=0.035×10125×3.57^2=4.52×10^6

4.52×10^6=0.87×fy×Ast×d[(1)-(Ast×fy) ÷(b×d×fck)]
33
 Ast=101 𝑚𝑚2

SPACING:

SHORTER SPAN DIA SPACING

-ve moment 10mm 300mm

+ve moment 8mm 300mm

LONGER SPAN:

-ve moment 8mm 300mm

+ve moment 6mm 270mm

DISTRIBUTORS:

Ast=0.15%b×d

= (0.15/100) ×1000×150=225𝑚𝑚2

Spacing =A of 1 bar ×1000/Ast=223 mm

Provide 8 mm dia rods at 230mm c/c spacing

TORSION REINFORCEMENT:

Pg NO. (78-96)

Size of mat=Lx/5=3.57/5

=0.7144 mm

Area=3/4 (mid span)

Max area =3/4(150)

=112.5 mm

Assume 6 MM bar

[ π (6) ^2÷4] ÷112.5× (1000)

=250 mm

34
RESULT:

35
4.2.5 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB:
GIVEN

Type of panel: TWO ADJACENT EDGES DISCONTINUOUS

Clear Span = 4.87×1.82 M

Grade of Steel = Fe 415

Grade of concrete =M25=1:1:2

FIND WHETHER ONE WAY OR TWO SLAB

Eff shorter span = Lx=1.82 m

Longer span = Ly=4.87 m

(Longer span÷short span) =(Ly÷Lx) = (4.87÷1.82)

=2.67 m

LOAD CALCULATIONS

Assume Live load =3000 N/m

Finishers =1000 N/m

Self-weight =0.15×25×1000=3750 N/m

Total load =6750 N/m

Factored load =10125 N/m

BENDING MOMENT CALCULATIONS

(Should be calculated for both longer and shorter span both +ve and -ve moment)

Shorter span=Mx= 𝛼𝑥 𝑤𝑙𝑥2

=Ly/Lx=2.67 m

NEGATIVE MOMENT:

αx=0.0686 Mx= (0.0686) (10125) (1.82) ^2

=2300

36
 =2.3×10^3 Nm

=2.3×10^6 Nmm

From pg-96 of IS-456

Mu=0.87×fy×Ast×d ((1) -(Ast×415) ÷(b×d×fck))

2.3×10^6=0.87×415×Ast×125[(1) -(Ast×415) ÷ (1000×125×25)]

Ast=51.3𝒎𝒎𝟐

POSITIVE MOMENT:

αx=0.0514 Mx= 0.0514×10125×1.82^2

=1.72×106Nmm

6.64×10^6=0.87×415×Ast×125[(1) -(Ast×415) ÷ (1000×125×25)]

Ast= 38.3 𝒎𝒎𝟐

LONGER SPAN:

My =𝛼𝑦𝑤𝑙𝑥2

Ly/lx = 2.67

NEGATIVE MOMENT:

αy=0.047

My=0.047×10125×3.57^2

=6.072×10^6 NMM

Ast=?

6.072×10^6=0.87×fy×Ast×d[(1)-(Ast×fy) ÷(b×d×fck)]

Ast= 140 MM ^2

POSITIVE MOMENT:

αy=0.035

My=0.035×10125×3.57^2=4.52×10^6

37
 4.52×10^6=0.87×fy×Ast×d[(1)-(Ast×fy) ÷(b×d×fck)]

Ast=101 𝑚𝑚2

SPACING:

SHORTER SPAN DIA SPACING

-ve moment 10mm 300mm

+ve moment 8mm 300mm

LONGER SPAN:

-ve moment 8mm 300mm

+ve moment 6mm 270mm

DISTRIBUTORS:

Ast=0.15%b×d

= (0.15/100) ×1000×150=225𝑚𝑚2

Spacing =A of 1 bar ×1000/Ast=223 mm

Provide 8 mm dia rods at 230mm c/c spacing

TORSION REINFORCEMENT:

Pg NO. (78-96)

Size of mat=Lx/5=3.57/5

=0.7144 mm

Area=3/4 (mid span)

Max area =3/4(150)

=112.5 mm

Assume 6 MM bar

[ π (6) ^2÷4] ÷112.5× (1000)

=250 mm

38
RESULT:

39
4.2.6 DESIGN OF FOOTING:

Size of footing

Total Load= 1345.76 kN

Area of footing= 5m²
Size of Footing= 3m x 2m
Soil Pressure
𝑤 1345
Net upward pressure, 𝑝0 = = 2×3
𝐴𝑟ⅇ𝑎
𝑝0 = 224 kN/m^2
Bending Moment
Moment about x-𝑥1
𝑀1𝑢 = 1.5𝑀1
= 1.5 x Po x B(L-l) ^2/8 x 10^6
= 1.5 x 224 x 3(3-0.35) ^2/8 x 10^6
= 590x10^6 Nmm
Moment about y-𝑦1
𝑀2𝑢 = 1.5𝑀2
= 1.5 x Po x L(B-b) ^2/8 x 10^6
= 1.5 x 224 x 3(2-0.23) ^2/8 x 10^6
= 395x10^6 Nmm
Take greater moment & find ‘d’ for M25 & Fe 415
𝑀𝑢 = 3.45𝑏𝑑2
590x10^6 = 3.45x2000xd^2
d = 292.4 = 295 mm
Assuming 60mm effective cover
D = 360mm d = 295mm
For longer direction,
Ast Calculation:
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 0.87𝑥𝑓𝑦𝑥𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 𝑑 [1 − ]
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘
40
590x10^6 = 0.87x415xAstx295[1- (Astx415/(2000x295x25)]
Ast1 = 1776 mm2
Assume 20 mm dia bars
Number of Bars = 6 nos.
Provide 6 – 20mm dia bar in longer direction
For Shorter direction,
Ast Calculation:
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 0.87𝑥𝑓𝑦𝑥𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 𝑑 [1 −
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘
]
590x10^6 = 0.87x415xAstx295[1- (Astx415/(3000x295x25)]
Ast2 = 2665.15 mm2
2
Reinforcement in Central band = ( ) 𝐴𝑠𝑡
2
𝛽+1

350
𝛽= = 1.52
230
2
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝑥 2.665
1.52 + 1
Ast = 2115 mm2
Assume 20 mm dia bars
Number of Bars = 7 nos.
Ast in edges = 2665 – 2115 = 550mm2
Number of Bars = 2 nos.
We should provide 3 rods with edge
Provide 5 – 20mm dia bar in shorter direction
Check for Shear:
As a result of oneway & punching shear
Shear τv = 0.772 N/mm2
To find τc, pg no. 59,60 As per IS 456

τc = Ks√𝑓𝑐𝑘
Ks = 0.25

41
 τc = 1.25N/mm2

τv >τc Hence safe in shear

Development Length:
Length of bars available > Ld
∅𝜎𝑠
Ld 4𝜁𝑏𝑑
=
Ld = 940 mm
Length of bars available = 1256 mm
Hence safe
RESULT

42
4.2.7 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
GIVEN:

Floor to floor height- 8m

Subjected to overload- 5 kN/m²
Width of staircase- 3.10m
HEIGHT OF EACH FLIGHT
=3/2
=1.5m
WIDTH OF THE FLIGHT
=3.10-0.1/2
= 1.5m
NUMBER OF RISER AND THREAD
Riser= 230mm
Thread= 270mm
No.of. risers= Total height of each flight/ size of riser
= 7 Nos
No.of. threads= No of riser-1 = 6
WIDTH OF LANDING
= 4000-2250/2
= 75mm
THICKNESS OF WAIST SLAB
Eff depth of slab= L/20 to L/25 d= 270 to 230 mm (choose the less)
D= 230+20+8= 258mm
LOADS ON STAIRCASE
1)Live load= 5kN/m²
2)Dead load
Waist slab= LbD1 x density of Rcc= 1.41 kN/m
= 1.41/0.25 (per metre length)
= 5.64 kN
Weight of steps= Area x 1 x 25
43
= 0.5
=0.5/0.25 (per metre length)
=2
Total dead load= 5.64 + 2= 7.64 kN/m
3)Floor finish= 0.8 kN/m
Total= 5+7.64+0.8= 13.44 kN/m
Factored load= 20.16 kN/m
LOAD ON LANDING
Dead load= 4.75 kN/m
Live load= 5 kN/m
Floor finish= 0.8 kN/m
Fact load= 15.8 kN/m
l= eff span= 2688 mm
Bending Moment= wl²/8= 14.27 x 10^6 mm
CHECK FOR DEPTH
Mu lim= 0.138 fck bd² d= 64 mm (req) less than 258mm (prov)
Hence safe
REINFORCEMENT
Mu= 0.87 fy Ast d (1- Ast fy/bd fck)
Ast= 180 mm²
Assume 10mm dia bar
Spacing= 430 mm ~ 300 mm c/c spacing
Provide 10 mm dia rods at 300mm c/c spacing
DISTRIBUTORS
For Fe415
Ast= 309 mm²
Spacing= 254mm
Provide 10mm dia rods at 250mm c/c spacing

44
CHECK FOR SHEAR
Vu= 50kN (Assume)
Nominal shear stress= Vu/bd
= 50 x 10^3 / 1000 x 230
= 0.21 N/mm²
% Of steel= (Ast /bd) x 100
= 0.42
From table 19, Allowable shear stress = 0.38
Allowable shear stress is greater than Nominal shear stress.
Min shear reinforcement= provide 2 legged 8mm dia stirrups
Asv= 100.48 mm²
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION
(L/d) prov less than (L/d)max (L/d)max= 20 x k= 26 fs= 0.58 fy Ast req/ Ast prov fs=
240 N/mm²
(L/d) prov= 21
(L/d) max is greater than (L/d)prov
Hence safe

45
RESULT

46
4.3 REINFORCEMENT DETAILING
The reinforcement details for the Beam, Column, Slab and Footing are as follows:

4.3.1 BEAM REINFORCEMENT

Fig 4.1 DESIGN OF BEAM

47
4.3.2 COLUMN REINFORCEMENT

Fig 4.2 DESIGN OF COLUMN

48
4.3.3 SLAB REINFORCEMENT

Fig 4.3 DESIGN OF SLAB

49
4.3.4 FOOTING REINFORCEMENT

Fig 4.4 DESIGN OF FOOTING

50
4.3.5 STAIRCASE REINFORCEMENT

Fig 4.5 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

51
 CHAPTER 5

QUANTITY SURVEYING AND COST ESTIMATION

5.1 ESTIMATOR 2.0:

Estimator 2.0 is an on-premises solution for Windows, designed to help builders,

architects, contractors and engineers automate processes related to estimates preparation,
tender comparison, work order issuance, purchase request generation and more.

5.2 QUANTITY AND COST ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OF ESTIMATE
Design Project
Prepared By: Kavin Kumar Date 24 - October - 2021

SlNo Description Quantity Unit Rate Amount

GROUND FLOOR
EARTH WORKS

1 EARTH WORKS 19,061.30 Cu.M 102.00 1944252.60

EXCAVATION : Earth work
excavation for foundation
trenches in all classes of soil
and depositing on bank with
initial lead upto 50 mt. and lift
upto 1.5 m including breaking
clods , watering ramming and
sectioning of spoil bank etc.
complete.
1944252.60

PCC

2 PCC FOUNDATION 1:3:6 : 1,568.07 Cu.M 2,873.00 4505065.11

Providing and
laying P.C.C. 1:3:6 using 40mm
nominal size broken stone well
consolidated including curing
etc. complete for foundation.

52
3 PCC FLOORING 1:2:4 SqM : 220.07 Sq.M 329.00 72403.03
Providing and
laying P.C.C . 1:2:4 using 40
mm nominal size broken stone
well consolidated 100 mm thick
including ramming, curing etc.
complete for flooring.
4577468.14
RCC
Reinforced cement concrete using 20mm
machine crushed blue metal including all form
work, watering, curing etc. complete, but
excluding the cost of reinforcement. Steel
staging and supports along with shutter ply or
steel plates to be used and machine mixing
and mechanical vibration to be done to the
satisfaction of the site engineer. The rate
includes application of double stage form work
and the application of approved brand of
mould releasing agents.
4 RCC ALL RCCS M25 : RCC 175.57 Cu.M 4,640.00 814644.80
for Columns,
Footings, Beams, Slabs etc
using M 25.
814644.80
FORM WORKS
Supplying, fitting, fixing and removing
shuttering and staging. Measurements shall be
taken as the actual surfaces in contact with
the concrete or any other materials requiring
formwork.
5 FORM WORK RCC : Form 1,230.56 Sq.M 150.00 184584.00
work for rcc.
184584.00
BRICK WORKS

SlNo Description Quantity Unit Rate Amount

6 BRICK WORKS 1,198.51 Cu.M 2,470.00 2960319.70
FOUNDATION CM 1:3 :
First class brick work masonry
in C. M. 1:3 (1 cement 3
coarse sand) with approved
good quality country burnt
bricks of compressive strength
35 kg/m2 of standard size of
on foundation. The rate shall
include cost of all materials

53
 labour and other incidental
charges of all materials to
complete the work.

7 BRICK WORKS CM 1:3 : 885.63 Cu.M 2,490.00 2205218.70

First class brick work
masonry in C. M. 1:3 (1 cement
3 coarse sand) with approved
good quality country burnt
bricks of compressive strength
35 kg/m2 of standard size of on
super structure of all thickness.
The rate shall include cost of all
materials labour and other
incidental charges of all
materials to complete the work.
5165538.40
FLOOR AND WALL FINISHES

8 FLOOR FINISHING 11.86 Sq.M 1,000.00 11860.00

VITRIFIED TILES :
Flooring with vitrified tiles
225mm x 225mm (NS) laid in
12mm thick cement mortar 1:3
one coat and pointing with
coloured cement to mortar the
tiles including cost of materials
labour charges etc. complete for
all levels.
9 FLOOR FINISHING CEMENT 33.01 Sq.M 151.00 4984.51
FLOATING
COAT : Cement Flushing Coat.

10 FLOOR FINISHING BROKEN 175.14 Sq.M 400.00 70056.00

MARBLE :
Floor finishing using Broken
Marbles.
11 SKIRTING BROKEN 28.18 Sq.M 500.00 14090.00
MARBLE IN SqM :
Skirting using Broken Marble.
100990.51
DOORS AND WINDOWS

54
12 FRAMES TEAK : Supplying 0.55 Cu.M 42,960.00 23628.00
and fixing of doors
and windows frames of good
quality teak wood including
M.S. clamps and fittings,fixing
complete including a coat of tar
at the contact surface of the
frame.

13 SHUTTERS TEAK GLAZED : 58.87 Sq.M 1,512.00 89011.44

Supplying and
fixing of fully glazed shutters
of good quality teak wood.
112639.44
PLASTERING AND POINTING

14 POINTING BRICKS CM 1:2 : 7,963.28 Sq.M 66.00 525576.48

Pointing bricks
in CM 1:2.
15 PLASTERING CEILINGS AND 920.80 Sq.M 78.00 71822.40
SLABS CM
1:3 : Plastering witth cement
mortar to ceilings, stairs, steps,
slabs and other structural
architectural features at all
heights, floated hard and
trowelled get smooth finish. The
rate shall include provision of
grooves scaffolding at any height
curing etc. complete as directed
by the Engineer.

SlNo Description Quantity Unit Rate Amount

16 PLASTERING WALLS INT. 7,963.28 Sq.M 90.00 716695.20
CM 1:5 12 MM :
Plastering witth cement
mortar to walls, columns and
other structural architectural
features at all heights, floated
hard and trowelled get
smooth finish. The rate shall
include provision of grooves
scaffolding at any height
curing etc. complete as
directed by the Engineer.
1314094.08
55
PAINTING

17 PAINTING WOOD 101.25 Sq.M 44.00 4455.00

VARNISH : Varnishing
wood work two coats
including cleaning and
preparing the surface.
18 PAINTING WOOD POLISH 101.25 Sq.M 28.00 2835.00
: Polishing wood
including preparing and
smoothening the surface.
19 PAINTING METAL 101.25 Sq.M 64.00 6480.00
ENAMEL : Painting with
synthetic enamel paint of
approved quality and colour
two coats over a coat of
priming to new iron work
including cleaning the
surface.
20 PAINTING CEILINGS AND 920.80 Sq.M 31.00 28544.80
SLABS WHITE
CEMENT : Painting ceiling
using white cement.
21 PAINTING CEILINGS 920.80 Sq.M 12.00 11049.60
AND SLABS
COLOUR WASHING :
Colour washing the ceilings
over a coat of white wash.
22 PAINTING WALLS INT. 7,963.28 Sq.M 46.00 366310.88
DISTEMPER :
Distempering two coats to
the walls, including
smoothening with sand paper.
23 PAINTING WALLS INT. 7,963.28 Sq.M 31.00 246861.68
WHITE CEMENT :
Painting walls using white
cement.
666536.96
Total for GROUND FLOOR 14880748.93
FIRST FLOOR

56
RCC
Reinforced cement concrete using 20mm machine
crushed blue metal including all form work,
watering, curing etc. complete, but excluding the
cost of reinforcement. Steel staging and supports
along with shutter ply or steel plates to be used
and machine mixing and mechanical vibration to be
done to the satisfaction of the site engineer.The rate
includes application of double stage form work and
the application of approved brand of mould releasing
agents.
1 RCC ALL RCCS M25 : 138.08 Cu.M 4,802.70 663156.82
RCC for Columns,
Footings, Beams, Slabs etc
using M 25.
663156.82
FORM WORKS
Supplying, fitting, fixing and removing shuttering
and staging. Measurements shall be taken as the
actual surfaces in contact with the concrete or any
other materials requiring formwork.
2 FORM WORK RCC : Form 1,230.56 Sq.M 174.50 214732.72
work for rcc.
214732.72
STEEL REQUIREMENTS
Supplying, cutting, bending and straightening
reinforcement for R.C.C work; binding with 22

SlNo Description Quantity Unit Rate Amount

gauge binding wire etc.
complete in all respects with
deformed bars conforming to
I.S 1786-1961 or IS 1139 and
placing in position.Weight of
steel=7850 Kg/m3.
3 STEEL REQUIREMENTS : 10,839.28 Kg 30.74 333199.47
Steel Requirements
for Columns, Beams, Lintels,
Slabs etc.
333199.47
BRICK WORKS

4 BRICK WORKS CM 1:3 : -43.79 Cu.M 2,550.90 -111703.91

First class brick work

57
 masonry in C. M. 1:3 (1
cement 3 coarse sand) with
approved good quality country
burnt bricks of compressive
strength 35 kg/m2 of standard
size of on super structure of
all thickness. The rate shall
include cost of all materials
labour and other incidental
charges of all materials to
complete the work.
-111703.91

FLOOR AND WALL FINISHES

5 FLOOR FINISHING VITRIFIED 107.86 Sq.M 1,032.94 111412.91

TILES :
Flooring with vitrified tiles
225mm x 225mm (NS) laid in
12mm thick cement mortar 1:3
one coat and pointing with
coloured cement to mortar the
tiles including cost of materials
labour charges etc. complete for
all levels.
6 FLOOR FINISHING BROKEN 84.82 Sq.M 439.80 37303.84
MARBLE :
Floor finishing using Broken
Marbles.
7 SKIRTING BROKEN MARBLE 13.58 Sq.M 539.80 7330.48
IN SqM :
Skirting using Broken Marble.
156047.23
PLASTERING AND POINTING

8 POINTING BRICKS CM 1:2 : -152.79 Sq.M 72.24 -11037.55

Pointing bricks
in CM 1:2.

9 PLASTERING CEILINGS AND 920.80 Sq.M 86.04 79225.63

SLABS CM
1:3 : Plastering witth cement
mortar to ceilings, stairs, steps,
slabs and other structural
architectural features at all
heights, floated hard and trowelled
get smooth finish. The rate shall
include provision of grooves
58
59
 scaffolding at any height curing
etc. complete as directed by the
Engineer.

10 PLASTERING WALLS INT. CM -152.79 Sq.M 98.04 -14979.53

1:5 12 MM :
Plastering witth cement mortar to
walls, columns and other structural
architectural features at all heights,
floated hard and trowelled get
smooth finish. The rate shall
include provision of grooves
scaffolding at any height curing
etc. complete as directed by the
Engineer.
53208.55
PAINTING

11 PAINTING CEILINGS AND 920.80 Sq.M 34.70 31951.76

SLABS WHITE
CEMENT : Painting ceiling
using white cement.

SlNo Description Quantity Unit Rate Amount

12 PAINTING CEILINGS AND 920.80 Sq.M 13.48 12412.38
SLABS
COLOUR WASHING : Colour
washing the ceilings over a
coat of white wash.
13 PAINTING WALLS INT. -152.79 Sq.M 51.64 -7890.08
DISTEMPER :
Distempering two coats to the
walls, including smoothening
with sand paper.
14 PAINTING WALLS INT. -152.79 Sq.M 34.20 -5225.42
WHITE CEMENT :
Painting walls using white
cement.
31248.65
Total for FIRST FLOOR 1339889.52
Net amount (Total) 16220638.45

60
 CHAPTER 6
DAYLIGHT AND ENERGY ESTIMATION

6.1 AUTODESK ECOTECT:

Autodesk Ecotect Analysis is an environmental analysis tool that
allows designers to simulate building performance from the earliest stages of conceptual
design. It combines analysis functions with an interactive display that presents analytical
results directly within the context of the building model.

6.2 DAYLIGHT FACTORS

 The benefits of introducing daylight into a space can be refuted by inappropriate

treatment of the sunlight being presented.

 Awkward glare and warm conditions, just as veiling reflections, and high difference
proportions, are instances of troublesome conditions that can be made by poor
daylighting.

 Great daylighting has been appeared to improve the general demeanour, fulfilment
and prosperity of building tenants Daylighting, with appropriate electric lighting
controls, can bring about critical energy reserve funds by diminishing electric
lighting loads and related cooling loads.

Fig 6.1 DAYLIGHT FACTOR

61
 Fig 6.2 DAYLIGHT LEVELS

Fig 6.3 DAYLIGHT REFLECTED INTERNALLY

62
 Fig 6.4 DAYLIGHT REFLECTED EXTERNALLY

Fig 6.5 TOTAL EXTERNAL RADIATION

Different color shows that daylight factor in the building is in the range of 54% to
74% and the highest being near the windows

63
6.3 RESULTS ON ANALYSIS
 Shadow investigations show the point-by-point day lighting examination
 Daylight Factor level varies between 54 % to 74%
 Depending on the percentage daylight level in the room lighting fixtures can be
positioned
 Daylight level is observed to be in the range of 8100-12000 lux.
 Electric lighting level is in the range of 12-312 lux.
 The overall light level varied from 320-12000 lux.
 With these discussions- successful use of day lighting can be accomplished by
the mathematical shape, direction, material reflection and by limiting the
shadows on the structure because of different structures in the region,
subsequently expanding the energy efficiency and making a superior living
condition to the inhabitants

64
 CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION
7.1 CONCLUSION:

 The analysis and design results obtained from software are safe and all
concrete frame sections are passed.
 The overall result of the project turns out to be positive and error free in terms
of design.
 In this project, an attempt has been made to plan, analyse, and design an
Energy efficient residential building based on the provisions of IS
456:2000.
 To plot structural drawings, the drafting software AutoCAD is used.
 For elevation and interior designs Revit software is used.
 The structure composed of beams and columns is modelled in the Staad Pro
v8i Software and are analysed with various loading combinations.
 For detailed estimation Estimator 2.0 software is used.
 For daylight analysis Autodesk ecotect software is used.
 For detailing codebooks are referred and the detailed drawings of the various
components are presented.
 The design of components such as Beams, Columns and Slab are carried out
completely using Staad Pro and Manual Calculations.
 We are now familiarized with Staad Pro v8i design software which is majorly
used for analysis of structures and modelling of structures.
 The design concepts studied for the various RCC elements used in this project
helped us to reinforce our confidence in structural design area.
 The discussions were made to go with the trial & error method to determine the
size of the beams and columns for getting economic output.
 Finally, the designs are drafted in a motive to study the practical implications
and to pay attention to every single details structurally.
 Light analysis shows that spaces having different access to daylight have
varying daylight factor, daylighting level, electric and overall lighting level.

65
 CHAPTER 8
REFERENCE
8.1 REFERENCE:

1) IS 456:2000 – “Plain and Reinforcement Concrete Code of Practice

2) National Building Code of India 2016 edition The Architects publishing Corporation of
India
3) Tamil Nadu Building bye laws code book
4) R.C.C designs 2016 edition Laxmi publisher - Dr.B.C.Punmia
5) Limit State Design of Reinforced Concrete 2009 edition PHI learning publisher -
Mr.Varghese, P.C
6) www.theconstructor.org
7) www.civiljungle.com

66
 CHAPTER 9
ANNEXURE
9.1 ANNEXURE A
LIST OF DRAWINGS:

 SITE LAYOUT

 GROUND FLOOR PLAN AND SECTION

 FIRST FLOOR PLAN AND SECTION

 SEPTICK TANK PLAN AND SECTION

 RAINWATER HARVESTING PLAN AND SECTION

 STAIRCASE PLAN AND SECTION

 ELEVATION VIEW OF BUILDING

67
9.2 ANNEXURE B

LIST OF DRAWINGS:

 PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE SUPPORTS

 SECTIONAL VIEW OF THE BUILDING

 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE BEAMS

 LOAD DISTRIBUTION DUE TO SELF WEIGHT

 LOAD DISTRIBUTION DUE TO LIVE LOAD

 LOAD DISTRIBUTION DUE TO WALL LOAD

 LOAD DISTRIBUTION DUE TO ULS LOAD COMBINATION

 ANALYSIS OF FORCES

 RENDERED VIEW OF THE BUILDING

 BEAM DESIGN OUTPUT

 COLUMN DESIGN OUTPUT

 CONCRETE TAKE OFF

68
 Fig 9.12 PROPERTIES OF THE STRUCURAL ELEMENTS

Fig 9.13 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE SUPPORTS

69
 Fig 9.14 SECTIONAL VIEW OF THE BUILDING

Fig 9.15 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE BEAMS

70
Fig 9.16 LOAD DISTRIBUTION DUE TO SELF WEIGHT

Fig 9.17 LOAD DISTRIBUTION DUE TO LIVE LOAD

71
 Fig 9.18 LOAD DISTRIBUTION DUE TO WALL LOAD

Fig 9.19 LOAD DISTRIBUTION DUE TO ULS COMBINATION

72
 Fig 9.20 ANALYSIS OF FORCES

Fig 9.21 RENDERED VIEW OF THE BUILDING

73
Fig 9.22 BEAM DESIGN OUTPUT

Fig 9.23 COLUMN DESIGN OUTPUT

74
Fig 9.24 CONCRETE TAKE OFF

75