Roadmap for Implementing Solar

An overview of the major steps and information exchange required to successfully

implement solar photovoltaic projects at commercial and industrial facilities.

SunPeak specializes in the design, engineering, construction, and ongoing operation of

commercial and industrial solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. These systems are typically
“grid interactive” and work in conjunction with a facility’s utility service. Grid interactive
solar PV systems do not replace, or in any way disrupt, the facility’s existing utility service.

The above diagram shows the basic building blocks of a modern grid interactive solar PV
system. Most systems do not involve battery storage, but that can be incorporated for
additional power demand management and load shifting functionality. As the diagram
indicates, no changes are made to the utility service which assures 100% availability of
utility power, regardless of time of day or weather conditions.

The solar PV system is typically interconnected “behind-the-meter” as a supply circuit into the
main distribution panel of the facility. This arrangement assures that all power generated by
the solar PV system is consumed by the facility first. If surplus power is being generated by
the system (solar production > facility load), the surplus power will export to the grid. A
bidirectional utility meter is typically incorporated into the design, which allows credit to be
offered by the utility to the customer for surplus power.

In most cases, the solar PV system will only provide a portion of the facility’s power. In this
case, all of the electricity from the solar PV system is consumed by the facility, and the
remaining power is drawn from the grid in the traditional fashion. In this scenario, 100% of the
solar power is being consumed by the facility, and the rate of consumption from the grid is
lower than it would have otherwise been had the solar system not been contributing. This
leads to a net reduction in the electrical costs to the facility, which leads to a positive return on
investment.

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These systems have been deployed globally at commercial scale for many years and the
technology is mature. With proper planning and coordination, a solar PV system can
offer reliable, clean and inexpensive electricity for your facility for decades to come.

Process Overview
SunPeak is a turn-key provider of solar PV systems, and handles the entire process of “going
solar” from initial energy analysis through planning, engineering, procurement and installation.
We also function as a long-term partner to ensure the system is always operating optimally
and in good condition to provide decades of clean reliable power.

All projects have their own unique requirements; however, they typically follow a
development and implementation process that is outlined below.

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 Phase SunPeak Task Customer Inputs

Complete Premeeting Goals Form

1a Understand Key Customer Goals
Convey Key Customer Goals

Historical Energy Consumption

1b Energy Analysis Spreadsheet, or Energy Bills

Interval Data (.csv or .xlsx file), or

Phase 1: 1c Power Demand Analysis Permission to Download Directly from
Utility
Initial
Engagement and Limitations of Available Area
Analysis 1d Available Area Analysis
Setback Requirements

Age/Condition of Roof/Access Points

1e Facility Analysis
Additional Requirements

1f Utility Analysis Utility Rep Contact Information

1g Financial Incentive Analysis Incentives That May Be Desired

MILESTONE: Key Project Parameters Known for Preliminary Proposal Development

2a Preliminary Design & Layout

Specific Component or System Needs

Budgetary System Price
2b Preference on Extended Warranty
Quotation
Budgetary Guidance (if any)
Phase 2: 2c Energy Production Estimates
Preliminary
Proposal 2d Return on Investment Metrics
Development
2e Environmental Offset Metrics

Operations & Maintenance

2f Options with Estimated Costs

Presentation and Discussion of

2g Proposal Acceptance
Preliminary Proposal

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 MILESTONE: Preliminary Project Outline Accepted by Customer

Scheduled Access to Facility

3a Detailed Site Inspection
Site Assessment Form Assistance

Review of All Relevant Any Known Requirements

3b Standards

Phase 3: 3c Structural Feasibility Analysis Facility Structural Drawings

Preliminary
3d Electrical Feasibility Analysis Facility Electrical Drawings
Engineering
3e Glare Analysis

3f Major System Specification

Execute EPC Agreement

3g Generate EPC Agreement
Project Milestone Payment #1 (10%)

MILESTONE: Contract Executed for Installation

Incorporation of All Relevant

4a Standards

Single-Line Diagrams and

4b Electrical Schematics
Phase 4:
Fully Dimensioned Mechanical
Final Detailed 4c
Layout Drawings
System
Engineering 4d Structural Drawings and Report

Utility Interconnection Customer Signature

4
Application

4f Permitting

MILESTONE: System Engineering Complete

Procure All Major Equipment,

Phase 5: Including Modules, Inverters,
5a Racking, Monitoring, and Project Milestone Payment #2 (30%)
Procurement Balance of System (BoS)
Components

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MILESTONE: All Materials Ordered with Scheduled Delivery

6a Material Delivery Plan Customer Approval

6b Material Staging Plan Customer Approval

6c Material Handling Plan Customer Approval

Phase 6: Feedback on Electrical Outage

6d Electrical Outage Plan
Preferences and Limitations
Preconstruction
6e Final Construction Schedule Customer Approval

On-Site Preconstruction Meeting Participation by Facility

6f
Customer Meeting Personnel Involved in Project

6g Materials Delivered Project Milestone Payment #3 (30%)

MILESTONE: Final Construction Schedule and Plan Finalized

7a DC Mechanical Scope

7b DC Electrical Scope
Phase 7:
7c AC Electrical Scope
Construction
7d Monitoring Scope

7e System Testing Project Milestone Payment #4 (25%)

MILESTONE: Substantial Completion

 8a System Inspection

8b Utility Interconnection

8c Final Punchlist

8d Quality Assurance

Meeting with Facility Personnel

Phase 8: 8e Customer Orientation Responsible for Ongoing Operation of
System
Commissioning
Project Milestone Payment #5 (5%)
8f System Documentation
Marketing Goals Input
Engagement with Customer
8g Marketing Marketing Personnel
Review of Press Release
Event Planning

MILESTONE: Fully Functioning Solar System

Operations and Maintenance Customer Feedback and Acceptance

9a Plan of Chosen Plan
Phase 9:
Ongoing Performance
Operation 9b Monitoring

9c Annual System Inspection

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Detailed Solar Project Process Explanation
The above overview is explained below in more detail. As mentioned earlier, SunPeak is
responsible for all activities on this list. We will communicate with you to let you know when
information inputs or customer requirements are needed. Our goal in sharing this outline is to
give you a good feel for what the process looks like and what is involved with integrating solar
into your operation. Our job is to take full ownership and control of this process, leaving you
to run your business knowing you have an experience and professional team handling
everything.

1. Initial Engagement and Analysis. The first step in the process involves SunPeak
learning more about your specific goals, constraints and situation. All projects are
unique, and
we start by gathering the key information necessary.

a. Understand Key Customer Goals. All projects start with a conversation. What
are your key goals for going solar? Energy cost savings? A specific return on
investment rate? Improving employee engagement? Reducing your
organization’s carbon footprint? In the early-stages of our conversation, we
want to understand what is important to your project, and what is not. This will
help
us craft a system that is consistent with your needs.

b. Energy Analysis. System sizing is one of the first things we’ll take a look at, and
to do that we need information on how much electricity your facility is
consuming. Ideally, we would get 12 months of historical electrical usage in the
form of a digital file (spreadsheet or delimitated text), but we can also work
with a single electric bill if that is all we have. Generally speaking, the more
information we have, the better. This information also provides us insight into
your electrical rate structure, which is important for payback calculations.

c. Power Demand Analysis. Most systems do not include batteries or other

means to store surplus energy, which requires that the solar power
(production) curve is lower than the facility load curve. This reduces or
eliminates surplus power from being produced. Absent a favorable “net
metering” arrangement with the utility, surplus power exported to the grid has
a poor payback and therefore should be minimized. To perform an optional
power demand analysis, we will need a file from your utility called the “interval
data” that provides data on the facility’s power load. The dataset will be
typically in intervals of 15 minutes and
span the course of a year. This data is not provided without specially asking for
it and is used by the utility to establish your monthly “demand charges,” which
are common for commercial electrical plans.

d. Available Area Analysis. SunPeak uses satellite and aerial photography

resources to analyze your facility’s roof area or adjacent available land. Prior to
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 performing this analysis, we invite your preferences for system location,
mounting type and

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 keep-out zones. From there, we have the design constraints necessary to begin
work on a preliminary layout.

e. Facility Analysis. For roof-based systems, the conditions and type of roof are
important. Generally speaking, it is better to install solar on a new roof than an
old roof so the longevity of the two assets are paired properly. We’ll also take
a preliminary look at the facility’s electrical service, such as phase-type, voltage
and amperage rating of the incoming electrical service.

f. Utility Analysis. Utility policy, with respect to solar, varies widely from one
utility to another. Some offer favorable “net metering” policies, whereby any
surplus power delivered to the grid can receive full retail value for the
electricity. Others can actually impose a “solar tax” on any grid-interactive solar
system, which can erode payback. Taking an initial look at your utility’s solar
policies is vitally important and is an integral part of all SunPeak systems early-
on.

g. Financial Incentive Analysis. There are many financial incentives available to

adopt solar today, which also varies widely by location. At the federal level, the
Investment Tax Credit (ITC) and accelerated depreciation treatment of the asset
are the two largest and most common economic incentives for all systems
being installed at locations that have a customer with tax appetite. Beyond that,
state grants, Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECs), utility-sponsored grants
and local programs can add to the available incentives. SunPeak will investigate
which incentives could apply for all new systems and is an integral part of what
we do on the front-end of all projects.

2. Preliminary Proposal Development. The above information and analysis are then used
as an input for roughing out the system size, costs and financial payback calculations. If
all of the information was gathered properly in the first phase of engagement, SunPeak
is largely self-sufficient in generating a professional proposal that will outline all the
key results you need to decide on a solar project.

a. Preliminary Design & Layout. SunPeak will superimpose a preliminary solar

layout onto the specified area for your facility, either roof or ground-based.
Basic information on your facility’s electrical service will be used to make core
component decisions. The energy analysis will also be a key input on ensuring
the system is properly sized.

b. Budgetary System Price Quotation. Assumptions will be used to estimate a

budgetary price for the system, including system size, interconnection costs
and mounting type. This system price will be used as a basis for ROI calculations
and other incentives, such as the Investment Tax Credit (the tax credit is
presently equal to 30% of the system price).

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 c. Energy Production Estimates. Solar energy simulation software will be applied
to the preliminary design, which considers the azimuth (direction the solar
system
is facing), module tilt angle (relative to horizontal), geographical location and
weather factors to output an energy estimate (kWh) the system will produce
each month. In the northern hemisphere, solar produces more electricity in
the summer than winter due to both increased duration and intensity in
summer.

d. Return on Investment Metrics. The current electrical utility rate establishes the
value of the electricity being produced by the solar system; i.e. the “avoided
cost.” All new energy produced by the solar project will be that much less energy
being purchased from the local utility. A pro forma is built over the system’s
expected lifespan (30+ years), and assumptions are made on utility cost inflation
rates, module degradation and financing scheme to output metrics that are
usable by your team for financial evaluation. Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net
Present Value (NPV), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and other metrics are all
provided, amongst others.

e. Environmental Offset Metrics. The majority of electricity in the United States is

still generated by fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas. Solar electric
production helps offset the need for electricity from these dirty sources. The
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) publishes standard coefficients
associating energy units (kWh) with CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions,
which allows for an easy calculation for how many tons of CO2 the new system
will offset over the projected lifespan of the system. This information can be
used for your sustainability programs and external public communications.

f. Operations & Maintenance Options with Estimated Costs. Solar photovoltaic

systems are remarkably low maintenance, but nothing is totally maintenance-
free. It is recommended that some budget is set aside each year to ensure the
system is maintained in optimal condition for decades of performance.
SunPeak’s Return on Investment (ROI) calculations include a budget for these
costs, which are discussed and fully disclosed in the preliminary proposal. It is
the customer’s decision on whether they’d like to use SunPeak after the system
is installed for periodic and ongoing monitoring and maintenance of the
system.

g. Presentation and Discussion of Preliminary Proposal. All of the above aspects

are bundled in a concise proposal that SunPeak will review with you. This
preliminary work and discussion can be the basis for next steps, either: 1.)
proceed with the project as-is, 2.) make some modifications and re-evaluate, or
3.) put the project on hold for another time.

3. Preliminary Engineering. Once the customer has accepted the preliminary proposal, it
is time to begin investing more resources into the next level of detail. The primary goal
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 of this phase is to 1.) ensure the project is feasible across all factors, and 2.) validate the
project cost assumptions made during the preliminary proposal development phase.

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 a. Detailed Site Inspection. During this visit, we will need access to most aspects
of the facility’s electrical infrastructure and proposed installation area. This will
help identify points of interconnection, conduit runs, array location, amongst
other key information. A standardized site assessment form is completed and
used later as an information input into final engineering.

Additionally, SunPeak uses sophisticated Global Positioning System (GPS)

surveying technology to quickly and precisely locate all relevant coordinates
for the project. This is an important cross-check to the preliminary boundary
information already obtained via satellite and aerial photography and ensures
accurate site information is present in our Computer Aided Design (CAD)
modeling.

b. Review of All Relevant Standards. All solar systems must comply with National
Electric Code (NEC) and Underwriters Laboratory (UL) standards, but additional
local codes and engineering standards may apply as well. SunPeak will want to
understand if there are any additional engineering requirements for the
project, perhaps driven by a customer’s insurance company; e.g. FM Global.

c. Structural Feasibility Analysis. For all roof-based systems, a structural analysis

needs to be performed on the building with the new loading assumptions from
the added weight of the solar system. For ballasted flat-roof solar, a good
ballpark loading assumption is 3-4 psf, but can be higher or lower depending
on
application. In most cases, this will not pose a problem for the building, but it
can for pre-fabricated buildings, agricultural facilities, or any other structure
built
with a tight factor of safety. Collateral loads from other sources, such as HVAC,
electrical or fire protection, can also play a role in the building’s additional
load- bearing capability. Any available structural or architectural drawings of
the building are useful at this stage.

d. Electrical Feasibility Analysis. There are three principal ways to interconnect a

commercial solar system: 1.) back feed into the main switchgear or subpanel,
2.) employ a “behind-the-meter” “line-side” connection, or 3.) connect on the
utility-side of the meter and utilize a virtual metering agreement with the
utility. Each method has its various advantages and disadvantages, and factors
such as the available capacity of the existing electrical infrastructure, utility
policies, and assessment of the associated costs and complexities with each
concept will influence the chosen solution.

e. Glare Analysis. A glare analysis is required by the Federal Aviation

Administration (FAA) if the proposed system falls within a specified range of an
airport. SunPeak has significant experience with both the required glare
analysis, as well as the subsequent FAA application that needs to be submitted
for project approval.
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 f. Major System Specification. At this stage of engineering, the major components
are finalized such as the type and quantity of solar modules, inverters and
racking. There is also enough information gathered at this stage to calculate the
length of conduit runs, specify any needed transformers or electrical upgrades to
complete the project. A conceptual single-line diagram and representative
layout is established, which allows close estimation of project costs.

g. Execute Engineering Procurement and Engineering (EPC) Agreement. All of the

above information is captured in a final proposal and installation contract,
which we call an EPC Agreement. Upon execution of the document and initial
project deposit, we can move forward with the final engineering and installation
of the system.

4. Final Detailed System Engineering. This is the stage of the project where all the
details are fully incorporated, with the generation of a final set of engineering
drawings and a detailed Bill of Materials.

a. Incorporation of All Relevant Standards. The standards already reviewed are

incorporated into the design, so the system will be compatible with all
project requirements by all stakeholders; e.g. local and state government,
insurance company, and the utility.

b. Single-Line Diagrams and Electrical Schematics. Detailed electrical drawings

are created, which are used to communicate with both local inspectors and the
utility during the interconnection process.

c. Dimensioned Mechanical Layout Drawings. The final layout is adjusted, as

necessary, and mechanical engineering drawings are generated that locate all
project boundaries, obstacles, keep-out zones and system dimensions. The
drawings are annotated for full communication between the engineering team
and field installation personnel.

d. Structural Drawings and Report. The preliminary structural review already

performed is now detailed by a professional structural engineer (PE), and
stamped. This PE stamp and structural report is part of the submission process
for the building permit.

e. Utility Interconnection Application. The electrical specifications, single-line

diagrams and other schematics are submitted to the local utility along with an
interconnection application. This starts a process within the utility to review
the system’s potential impact on the grid, which will later be incorporated into
the Interconnection Agreement at the time of commissioning.

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 f. Permitting. Project drawings are submitted to local government with some
nominal fees. There are two core aspects to the required permitting for
most projects:

i. Building permit. In addition to structural review, some projects may be

subject to aesthetic approval. This is especially true for buildings in
historic districts or otherwise aesthetically sensitive regions. These
matters will have already been considered prior to the design of the
system, and plan approval typically takes less than four weeks.

ii. Electrical permit. Updated electrical code is published every three

years by the NEC, and local government typically adopts the most
current version of the code some period of time later (often several
years). The submitted design must satisfy all code that has been
adopted locally, which is typically based on some version of the NEC;
e.g. NEC2017, NEC2014, or NEC2011.

5. Procurement. All major equipment with lead times associated with them are ordered.
SunPeak has developed strong buying relationships with its suppliers and has a focus
on keeping the list of suppliers as short as possible. This maximizes buying power and
minimizes complexity, both of which lead to more competitive installation costs for our
customers. Also, our equipment and its suppliers have been thoroughly vetted for
quality, longevity and ongoing warranty support.

For smaller projects, SunPeak may pull materials out of its inventory, but for large
projects the major equipment is typically shipped directly from manufacturer to the
project site. Briefly, the major portions of the solar project that must be procured
are:

a. Modules. Often referred to interchangeably as “solar panels,” these will be

either 60-cell or 72-cell modules that are either polycrystalline or
monocrystalline. Type and scale of project will dictate what is the most
appropriate.

b. Inverters. The scale of the project and the facility’s voltage service will
dictate the type and quantity of inverters ordered for a given project. String
inverters
(30-50 kWac each, typically) are the most common solution, but central
inverters can be appropriate for large ground-based projects above 1000 kW.
SunPeak utilizes no microinverters in any of its systems.

c. Racking. There are many different types of racking available for both roof
and ground-based projects. Typically, these systems are either aluminum
(roof) or galvanized steel (ground). The racking supplier works closely with
SunPeak on final engineering to ensure adequate performance over the
duration of the system’s life, regardless of wind or snow conditions.

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 d. Monitoring. SunPeak includes independent solar energy production monitoring
equipment on all of the systems it installs. Data is uploaded and stored in a
cloud-based server every ten minutes, which can be used for on-site visual
dashboard performance displays, validation of customer ROI and
troubleshooting.

e. Balance of System (BoS). All other materials, including combiner boxes, wire,
grounding clips, conduit, disconnects and connectors make up the remaining list
of needed components necessary to complete the project.

6. Preconstruction Assessment and Planning. As the scheduled construction launch

date approaches, SunPeak’s project management team will schedule an in-person
preconstruction meeting to go over all of the important topics that need to be
communicated by both SunPeak and customer to ensure a successful and seamless
project.

a. Material Delivery Plan. A plan needs to be established for the timing of

materials being delivered to the site. When can they be delivered? What
procedures do we need to be aware of for delivering materials to the site?
Where will material be temporarily stored between delivery and use?

b. Material Staging Plan. After materials are delivered, how will they be moved
from their temporary storage location to the construction activities? For roof-
based systems, it is particularly important to ensure roof loading constraints
are considered for momentary loading by palletized material, which often
accounts for a significantly higher structural load pressures than the
calculations associated with the final installed system. Also, preservation of the
roof is also a key consideration to ensure there is no damage to the roof.

c. Material Handling Plan. How will materials be conveyed from point of

delivery to point of use? For roof-based systems that are many floors up, a
crane may need to be employed. For lower systems, a telescopic forklift may
suffice. The material staging plan also will have an impact on the handling
plan.

d. Electrical Outage Plan. For the vast majority of the time while the system is
being constructed, the activity will have no impact on the facility’s operations or
electrical service. However, near the end of system completion, a momentary
break in electrical service is typically required to complete the wiring of the
solar output into the facility’s electrical switchgear. This is typically budgeted
around four hours, but can vary by project complexity and can often be
scheduled at night or on a weekend to minimize disruption. If electrical
disruption is
absolutely unacceptable, a backup generator can be employed to bridge the few
hours of expected downtime.

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 e. Final Construction Schedule. Once the delivery schedule is known for materials,
labor is allocated, and project schedule approvals are obtained by the customer,
a final construction schedule can be established. On most projects, the timeline
leading up to construction exceeds the timeline of the construction itself and in
many cases the construction window can be rather short. Project size and
complexity have major impact on the required construction timeline.

f. On-Site Preconstruction Customer Meeting. SunPeak meets with the customer

personnel that will allow access to the facility. This meeting is typically held
with the facility management.

g. Materials Delivered. Once materials are delivered, and all previous steps are
complete, construction can begin.

7. Construction. The installation of the system can be subdivided into five main areas
of scope of work:

a. DC Mechanical Scope. This scope relates to the installation of the racking system
(either roof or ground) and the solar modules themselves. The modules
come pre-wired out of the factory with pigtails that can be simply connected
in the field to form “strings.”

b. DC Electrical Scope. The system “strings” are either gathered in a DC

combiner box or run independently back to the input side of the inverter. For
roof- mounted systems, these circuits are housed inside conduit. The DC
electrical scope includes all work from the modules to the inverter.

c. AC Electrical Scope. On the output (AC) side of the inverter, electrical work
must be done to connect the inverter(s) to the facility. This is otherwise referred
to as the “interconnection.” It must be completed by a master electrician and is
often the most technically involved aspect of the electrical construction.

d. Monitoring Scope. The system that will monitor solar production performance
must be installed, which typically involves interface with the internet via Wi-Fi
or Ethernet communication links.

e. System Testing. After the system is fully installed, the installation team goes
through a detailed checklist checking the system performance at the sub-system
and total system level to ensure everything is working properly.

8. Commissioning. At this point, the system is substantially complete, and all that
remains is gaining final inspection and approval by both the local Authority Having
Jurisdiction (AHJ) and the utility.

a. System Inspection. A meeting is scheduled with the local AHJ (inspector) to

observe and confirm that everything was installed consistent with adopted
code.
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 b. Utility Interconnection. On a separate meeting, representatives from the utility
meet with SunPeak to ensure the system meets the utility’s requirements for
anti-islanding and rapid shutdown characteristics. The final installation is cross-
checked with the specifications disclosed in the Interconnection Application,
which then leads to the execution of the final Interconnection Agreement.

c. Final Punchlist. Typically, there are a few “open items” at this stage that
require attention before the system is turned over to the customer. This final
punch list is generated and remedied.

d. Quality Assurance. A final quality check is performed by SunPeak quality and

operations personnel.

e. Customer Orientation. A meeting is scheduled between SunPeak and facility

personnel that will be taking the lead on-site for ongoing operation of the
system. While the system will require virtually no attention or intervention, it
is helpful to go through how the system functions so there are knowledgeable
people on-site if future operational questions or issues arise.

f. System Documentation. Any modifications to the engineering plans that are

necessary to accurately reflect how the system was actually installed will be
made, which generates a final set of “as-built” documentation. These drawings
accompany the SunPeak Owner’s Manual for the project, which is turned over to
the customer.

g. Marketing. Most customers have a desire to be recognized for their investment

and contribution to clean-energy in their community. Depending on the size
and profile of the system, news media are often eager to publish these types of
positive stories about local business leadership. SunPeak often works with the
customer on a press releases, scheduling and assisting in public events, and the
development of marketing videos that can be incorporated into corporate
materials.

9. Operation. The system is up and running, providing clean, inexpensive and hassle-
free electricity. A well-maintained system can provide many decades of nearly free
electricity.

a. Operation and Maintenance Plan. To assist in the periodic maintenance of

the system, SunPeak offers a variety of service levels. The customer decides
what level, if any, SunPeak will be involved after the project is complete for
ongoing operations and maintenance.

b. Ongoing Performance Monitoring. With the monitoring system in place,

SunPeak will continue to monitor its performance. Any disruption to
production

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 will be known to SunPeak immediately, which allows us to react and remedy
any situation.

c. Annual System Inspection. Depending on the level of O&M plan chosen,

SunPeak will provide an annual system inspection and routine maintenance to
assure “like-new” operation over the duration of the system’s life.

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