Solid Waste Management Issues: A

Case study of Delhi

 What is Municipal Solid Waste?
• Municipal solid waste (MSW) is defined as the
Solid discarded items of everyday use.
• Also called Refuse,garbage or trash in
different Countries.

Types of Solid Waste

• Dry Waste
• Wet Waste
 What is the Cause of Concern?
• Increased quantity of waste
• Urban India (377 Million)
generates,1,43,449 metric tonnes/day.(2011)
• Delhi generates around 9500 tonnes of
waste daily,2nd highest waste Producing
city after Mumbai (11000 tonnes/day).(2019)
 Factors Responsible for MSW
Generation
• Economic Development of Cities
• Urbanization
• Migration
• Change in lifestyle and Consumption Patterns
• The quantity of waste generated by large
cities is 0.5 kg/person/day.
• Small cities generate 0.1 kg/person/day
• Delhi generates 0.6 kg/person/day.
 Some Statistics about Delhi

• Population of Delhi in 2011-

11million,waste generated-6800
tonnes/day
• Population of Delhi in 2020- 30 million-
waste generated-9500 tonnes/day
Highest solid waste generating cities of India

Source:CPCB,DTE
 Methods of Disposal
• Landfill Site • Incineration
Vermicomposting Composting

Bio gas generation

 Open dumps in Delhi

78% Delhiites dumps garbage in open (CHINTAN NGO),2017 Source:CPCB,2018

 Landfill Sites of Delhi

Ghazipur landfill site,Sept. 2019 ,HT Okhla,swachchindia.com

Bhalswa Landfill,2019,DTE
 Landfill sites of Delhi
• Bhalaswa
40 acres Area, 40 meters high,
Exhausted in 2016 , receives
3500 tonnes/day.
• Okhla, commissioned in 1984,
50 acres Area,60 meters high,
limit, Exhausted in 2003.
receives 3500 tonnes/day.
• Ghazipur,Commissioned in
1984, 70 acres Area, 50 meters
high exhausted in 2002,,
receives 3000 tonnes/day.
• Permissible limit of landfill
sites is only 20 meters.
Current status : Continues to
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Location-of-Gazipur-
receive waste.
Land fills have been called “Pollution Bombs”.
• Methane gas production and fires
• Storehouse of viruses and bacteria
• High risk of diseases like typhoid, dysentery, yellow fever,
dengue, malaria etc.
• Leachate formation
• Ground water Pollution
• Land Availability Issues in cities like Delhi
 Landfill sites
A landfill site is an area of land that is used to either directly on the ground (land
raising) or filling an unwanted hole in the ground (land filling).

Advantages of Landfill sites

Problem with Landfill Sites
• Cheap and affordable waste
• Methane Generation and fires
• Leach ate Formation
disposal option.
• Groundwater Pollution • Jobs will be created foe
• Land Pollution local people.
• Infectious diseases • A large quantity of different
• Land availability types of waste can be
disposed compared to other
Land fills have been called methods.
“Pollution Bombs”. • Gases released by landfill
sites could be collected and
used for power generation.
Ghazipur Accident, Sept. 2017
• Two people had died
and four were injured
after few vehicles fell
into the kondi canal
due to the collapse of
the landfill site.
• Indicator of capital’s
struggle with waste
management.
• Conclusion: Continue
to receive waste.
 Incineration plants of Delhi

Okhla WTE Plant,DTE

Narela Bawana WTE,The Hindu,2017
 • What is Incineration?
Incineration • Incineration is a waste treatment
Advantages process that involves the
• Volume and weight can
combustion of organic substances
be reduced by 90% and contained in waste materials.
75% respectively. • Incineration and other high-
• Waste reduction and temperature waste treatment
destruction is systems are described as "thermal
immediate while LS treatment". Incineration of waste
takes many years materials converts the waste into
ash, flue gas and heat.
• Small disposal area is
required. Problems
• Cost can be • Air Pollution (Co2 and other gases)
compensated by heat • Bottom Ash
recovery.
• Fly ash
• Air discharges can be
controlled. • Lack of skilled people
 Solid Waste Management
• The solid waste management has the following
components :
• Identification of waste and its minimization at
source.
• Collection, segregation and storage
• Transportation
• Treatment
• Energy Recovery
• Disposal
• Urban India (377 million people) generates 62 milln
tonne/yr. Collected- 43 mlln tonne,Treated-11.9
metric tonne. Rest is dumped in landfill sites.
 How to manage/ How to Minimize
• Reduce
• Reuse
• Recycle
• Recover
• Rot ( Compost)
Segregation at source
Processing happens only if segregation is done at
source
Land availability is also a problem if it comes to setting
up of compost and waste to energy plants.
• Solid Waste Management Rules 2000
• National Environment Policy recognized the
need for strengthening the capacity of local
bodies.
• 2010,GOI’s National Mission on Sustainable
Habitat
• MSW Rules 2016 (MOEFCC) mandates
segregation of waste.
• Segregation at Source
• Collection and Disposal of waste
• Waste processing and Treatment
• Promoting use of Compost
• Promotion of waste to energy
• Revision of Parameters and Existing standards
• East and South Corporations have signed an
agreement with National Highways Authority
of India (NHAI) for utilisation of garbage from
landfill sites for road construction project. "
and NHAI will use the waste from landfill
sites.
• Authorities are planning to have a landfill site
on Yamuna Flood Plains. (Debatable)
India needs New Delhi size landfill sites by 2050!
 Waste Generation in Delhi
Garbage generated in Delhi – 0.6 Kg per person/day.
• 15000 tonnes projected daily garbage generation by
2021.
• Kinds of waste generated :
5000 tonnes – Construction/Demolition Waste
500 tonne – Plastic waste
70 tonnes –Biomedical waste
30 tonne -Electronic waste
Remaining 3400 tonnes – Solid kitchen waste and
green organic refuse
 Ways to deal with waste
• Most efficient way is segregation at Household
level, a challenge for public authorities involved
in waste mgt.
• Community Participation
Thank You
• Stalin Dayanand, a conservationist and activist with
Mumbai-based environmental NGO Vanashakti, said issues
like waste management have been overlooked by
governments deliberately because there is so much money
involved in waste management budgets.
• “The budget gets bigger and bigger when more waste is
generated. There is no incentive to reduce it. Instead, the
municipal corporations hand out contracts. So, why will
someone stop it? Whether it is Delhi or Mumbai, there is no
ward-wise estimation of waste. A waste audit has to be
done in every ward to understand what are the problems of
that ward. There needs to be an incentive for less waste.
There needs to be a carrot and stick policy,” Stalin said.
• He stressed that the amount of waste that was expected to
be generated by Mumbai in 2030 has already been achieved
10 years before the expected date.