DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

24th in the Series-2019

IESL in association with IET

“INTRODUCTION, SIMPLE DESIGN EXERCISE, PURPOSE”

Eng. Pathum Jayawardana

B.Sc Eng (Hons), MBA, C Eng, MIE (SL), MLABSE, GREEN SL® AP
Outline of the lecture

• Initiate a design.

• Develop the design.

• Regulations guide the design.

• Out put of the design.

• Design verification and Testing.

Initiating the design process
• Design is a structured process which has several steps
interconnecting to each other.

• In general, a design will be started from the preparation of

“Design brief” or “Basis of Design”.

• Through the design brief, designer will gather all information,

which will form the basis for detailed design.

• Design brief is a document which describes the work to be

carried out, requirement of the client and overall objectives.

• Preparation of design brief is a joint effort of the designer and

the client.
A proper design brief can answer below
questions.
• What is the usage of proposed facility.
Is it a Hotel / a office building / a factory / a Hospital …..

• What is the electrical load characteristics and load cycle.

• What is the maximum demand of the building.

(Lighting 8 to 12 W/m2, Small power 12 to 15 W/m2, HVAC system 40 to 50 W/m2)

• If load characteristics are not known, what assumption can be

made to estimate preliminary values.
Designer can use empirical data and estimate based on
experience.

As an integral part of risk management, assumptions shall be

recorded and discussed with the client to ensure that they are
reasonable.
Steps of design brief preparation.

Brief Begins

Clarification of outstanding
information

Advise client of
Record
Test Assumptions assumptions
Assumptions
made

Brief ends
What should contain in a design brief.
• Occupancy details of the building.
Number of workstations, if it is a office
Number of beds, if it is a Hospital
Number of machines, if it is a factory

Number of rooms, if it is a Hotel

• Details of plants and machineries in the building.

Details of kitchen and loads.
Details of computers, printers etc…
Capacity of Air conditioning equipment such as chillers, pumps, AHUs, cooling towers etc…..
Capacity of elevators and escalators.
Capacity of water pumps, sewerage treatment plants etc….
Capacity of fire pumps, form pumps etc…
What should contain in a design brief…..
• Environmental performance and control criteria.
Noise level of generators.
Method of emission of generators.
Distance to the overhead electrical lines.

• Details of Electrical services.

Type of light fitting proposed for different areas and locations.

Description of the power distribution system, location of distribution boards.

Details of standby power, essential and non essential loads.
Details of Other services required power supply.
Details for special areas such as computer rooms, conference rooms, clean
rooms etc…

• Indication of the project cost (Budget of the project).

Design development process.
Design
brief

Planning

Review the Planning

Has the
design brief
Yes changed

No

Start Detail
Design Sample Design
A
Brief
Design development process.
A

A Does the
design meet
the DB and Re design
Planning No

Yes
Prepare drawings and
start implementation
(Installation)
Re design or revise the
installation to comply with
the design

Does
installation
same as the
No design

Yes

Testing and
Verification
 Start detail design.
Start Detail
Design

Record planned
Plan permissible Refer to assigned voltage
voltage drop on
voltage drops drop in sub circuits
schematics

Determine Maximum
Demand

Yes Is max.
demand differ
Review planning & check
from planning
estimate?

No
 Detail design process.
Determine the fault level starting at the initial connection point
of the cable considered & then for the start of each cable in
turn.
B

Calculate the cable to meet the maximum

demand, fault loop impedance, Voltage
drop, and protective device.

Revise the protection device Calculate fault loop

& cable size to comply with impedance.
the fault loop impedance

Is fault impedance
No less than maximum
permissible for the
device selected?

Yes
 Detail design process.
B
Record the cable
size & impedance

Repeat until all

Revise the protection device
switch boards and
& cable size to comply with
sub mains have been
the fault loop impedance
calculated
Record the
installation
requirements

Record the
Review the selection Determine the protective device to suit the
protective device
and setting. load & prospective SCC.
& switchboard
details

Do the protective
No
device discrimination
under fault condition

Yes
Detail design process.

Determine the final earthing

details.

Prepare final single line diagrams and Record earthing details

schematics. and results

End of Design
process
Inputs required for the design process.
• Design requirements.
Client’s specific requirements – get through the design brief.

• Specific standards / regulations from the authorities.

Power supply authority – CEB / LECO.

Fire department.
Environmental authority.

• Design standards / regulations

• Previous design records in similar designs if available.
• Architectural and Structural details (Architectural and structural drawings)
Standards used in electrical design.
What are Standards and Why we need standards:

• Standards are published documents that establish specifications and procedures

for designer to ensure the reliability of the design.

• Standards form the fundamental building blocks by establishing consistent

protocols that can be universally understood and adopted.

Applicable Standards / Regulations

• IEE Wiring regulation.
• British standards (BS xxxx).
• International Electrotechnical Commission standards (IEC xxxx).
• National Electrical Code (NEC)
• National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
• IEEE standards
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA 79 - Electrical standard for
industrial machinery)
IEE Wiring regulation.
• History of IEE Regulation
First published in 1882 and was called “Rules and Regulation for prevention of
Fire risks arising from electric lighting”.

This was published by the society of Telegraphic Engineers and

Electricians, London; the predecessor of the Institution of Electrical
Engineers.

Coverage of topics were

The dynamo machine
The wires
Lamps
Danger to person
History and development of IEE Regulation
.• Third edition was published as “ General Rules Recommended
for Wiring for the supply of Electric Energy” and it was issued
in 1891.

• Fifth edition was again published in 1907 entitled as “Wiring

Rules”.

• Eight edition was published in 1924 entitled as “Regulation for

the Electrical Equipment of Buildings”.

• 15th edition was published in 1981 entitled as “Regulation for

Electrical Installations”.

• The 16th edition was published in 1992

Latest version of IEE Regulation.
• The 17th edition was published in July 1st 2008.

• 17th edition amendment 1 in 2011.

Color of the book has been changed from red to green.

• 17th edition amendment 3 was released in 2015, January. All installations

after 30th June 2015 are to comply new amendment 3.
Latest version of IEE Regulation.
• The 18th edition was launched on 2nd July - 2018.

• All installations after 31st December 2018 shall be complied 18th edition .
18th Edition of IEE Regulation.

• Part 1: Scope, object and fundamental principles.

• Part 2: Definition.
• Part 3: Assessment of general characteristics.
• Part 4: Protection for safety.
• Part 5: Selection and erection of equipment.
• Part 6: Inspection and testing.
• Part 7: Special Installation & location.
• Appendix.
 Major changes in 18th Edition
Part Changes
Part 4 • Protective equipotential bonding
• Automatic disconnection in case of a fault
Chapter 41 • Additional requirements for socket outlets and for the supply of mobile
equipment for use outdoors
Protection against
electric shock
• Additional requirements for circuits with luminaires
• Provisions where automatic disconnection according to
411.3.2 is not feasible
Chapter 42 • Protection against fire caused by electrical equipment
Protection against
thermal effects
• Installation of arc fault detection devices(AFDDs) in circuits
Chapter 44: • Protection against transient over voltages of atmospheric origin or due to
Protection against
voltage
switching
disturbance and
electromagnetic
disturbances

Chapter 46: • Non-automatic local and remote isolation and switching measures
Isolation and
switching
Major changes in 18th Edition
Part Changes
Chapter 52: • Installation of cables
Selection and erection of
wiring systems

Chapter 53: • General requirements for Protection, isolation, switching, control and
Protection, isolation,
switching, control and
monitoring
monitoring • Section 534: Devices for protection against overvoltage.
Chapter 54: • Earthing Arrangements:
Earthing Arrangement and
Protective Conductors

Chapter 55: • Ground recessed luminaires

Other equipment

Part 6: • Regulation numbering align with the CENELEC standard.

Inspection and Testing
• Inspection
Chapter 64: • Testing
Initial verification
• Certification for initial verification
Chapter 65: • Frequency of periodic inspection and testing
Periodic Inspection and
Testing
• Reporting for periodic inspection and testing
Major changes in 18th Edition
Part Changes
Part 7: • Section 704: Construction and demolition site installations
• Section 708: Electrical installations in caravan / camping parks
Special installations or
location particular
• Section 710: Medical locations
requirements • Section 715: Extra low voltage lighting installations
• Section 721: Electrical installation in caravans and motor caravans
• Section 722: Electrical vehicle charging installations
• Section 730: Onshore units of electrical shore connections for inland
navigation vessels
• Section 753: Heating cables and embedded heating systems
Major changes in 18th Edition
Part Previous
Appendix • Appendix 1: British Standards

• Appendix 3: Time/current characteristics of overcurrent protective

devices and RCDs

• Appendix 6: Model Forms for Certification and Reporting

• Appendix 8: Current carrying capacity and voltage drop for busbar

trunking and power tracking system

• Appendix 14: Determination of prospective fault current

• Appendix 17: Energy efficiency

Numbering System.

411.3.2.1.
4 – Part
1 – Chapter
1 – Section
3 – Group
2 - Sub-set of Regulations
1 - Regulation
 Part 1:Scope Object and Fundamental
principles.
• Chapter 11: Scope-Indicates the range and type of installations
covered by the Regulation.
Ex: Residential, commercial, public, industrial premises, external light, Low

voltage generating sets etc. are covered

Railway traction, Equipment in motor vehicle, equipment of aircraft ,
lightning protection system etc. are not covered
• Chapter 12: Object and Effects - Gives a General outline for the
objective of the regulation and how it effects for the application.

• Chapter 13: Fundamental Principles - Covers the safety aspect of

persons, livestock and property against danger and damage when we
use of electrical installation. (Protection against-thermal effect, over current,
voltage disturbances etc.)
Part 2: Definitions.
• Provide definition for the technical terms used in the regulation.
This will prevent misinterpretation of the technical terms.
• Definitions are align with the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary and BS 4727.
• Ex: 1. Basic protection. Protection against electric shock under fault free conditions.
Note: For low voltage installation, systems and equipment, basic protection generally
corresponds to protection against direct contact, that is “contact of persons or livestock with
live parts”
2. Live Part: A Conductor or conductive part intended to be energized in normal use,
including a neutral conductor but, by convention, not a PEN conductor.

3. Ordinary person: A person who is neither a skilled person nor an instructed

person.

• Symbols and Abbreviations are used in the regulation

Ex., Ib - Design current, If - fault current, Cg – rating factor for grouping
PE – Protective Conductor , PEN – Protective and Neutral conductor
Part 3: Assessment of General Characteristics.
• Chapter 31 – PURPOSE, SUPPLIES ANS STRUCTURE
• 311 – Maximum demand and diversity
For economic & reliability maximum demand shall be assessed.

• 312 – Conductors arrangement and system earthing

Single phase 2 Wires, Three phase 4 Wires, TT, TN-S, TN-C-S, IT

• 313 – Supplies
Parameters of supply authority such as V, I, Hz, IPSCC, Ze shall be evaluated.
Importance of consider standby power source for safety and fire system.

• 314 – Division of installation

Must be divided in to circuits to avoid the disturbances during a fault.
Different part of the installations shall be controlled separately. Ease of maintenance.

Each final circuit shall be electrically separated from every other final circuit.
Part 3: Assessment of General Characteristics.
• Chapter 32 – Classification of external influences
Each condition of external influence is designated by a code.
Key factors are
Environment – Ambient temp., Altitude, Presence of water & foreign bodies, Vibration etc.
Utilisation – Capability of persons (Children, handicapped, skilled), Contact with persons
with earth potential, Condition of evacuation in emergency etc.
Construction of building – Construction of building (combustible or not), Design of Building
(Movement, fire rated)

• Chapter 33 – Compatibility
Assessment shall be made of any characteristic of equipment likely to have harmful effect
upon others. Ex. Patrol station, shop within a shop.
Due to the effect of Harmonics, leakage current, unbalanced load, high frequency
oscillations, power factor etc. must be assessed.
All fixed installation must be in accordance with EMC regulation.
Part 3: Assessment of General Characteristics.
• Chapter 34 – Maintainability
An assessment shall be made and consulted the party responsible for operation.

• Chapter 35 – Safety services

The requirement of statutory bodies who regulate the safety shall observed.
Emergency exit lights, fire alarm system, fire pumps, fire lifts, smoke and heat extraction
systems must be considered.

• Chapter 36 – Continuity of services

Assessment shall be made for each circuit of any need for continuity of service.
Selection of the system earthing
Selection of protective devices in order to achieve discrimination
Multiple power supplies
Use of monitoring devise shall be considered.
 Part 4: Protection for safety
• Chapter 41: Protection against electric shock
Discuss the basic safety applies to the protection of person and livestock. The

fundament rule is that live part shall not be accessible, and accessible live part shall
not be hazards.
Protective measures can be taken
Automatic disconnection of supply
Double or reinforced insulation
Electrical separation for the supply to one item of current-using equipment
Extra-low voltage (SELV and PELV)

• Chapter 42: Protection against thermal effects

Measures for the protection of people, livestock and property: against
harmful effects of heat or thermal radiation, ignition, combustion or degradation of materials,
flames and smoke where a fire hazard could be propagated, safety services being cut off by
the failure of electrical equipment `
Part 4: Protection for safety
• Chapter 43: Protection against overcurrent
provides requirements for the protection of live conductors from the effects of
overcurrent.
Protection of line conductors
Protection of the neutral conductor
Co-ordination between conductor and overload protective device
Ib < In < Iz
Devices with omission of devices for protection against overload
exciter circuit of a rotating machine
supply circuit of a lifting magnet
secondary circuit of a current transformer
circuit supplying a fire extinguishing device
circuit supplying a safety service, such as a fire alarm or a gas systems
circuit supplying medical equipment used for life support in specific medical
locations where an IT system is incorporated.
Part 4: Protection for safety
• Chapter 44: Protection against voltage disturbances and
electromagnetic disturbances
A fault between the high voltage system and Earth
Loss of the neutral in a low voltage system
Short-circuit in the low voltage installation

• Chapter 46: Isolation and Switching

Necessity of providing Isolators, Emergency switch,

Part 5: Selection and erection of equipment

• Chapter 51: Common rules
General electrical parameters such as V, I, Hz, external influences such as
Temperature.
Identification and notices- Color codes – L1 Brown, L2 Black, L3 Gray, N Blue
E Green & Blue.
Warning & Notice.
Part 5: Selection and erection of equipment
• Chapter 52: Selection and erection of wiring systems
Bus-bar trunking systems and powertrack systems.

Current-carrying capacities of cables

Cross-sectional areas of conductors of cables
Voltage drop in consumers' installations

• Chapter 53: Protection, isolation, switching, control and Monitoring

Devices for fault protection by automatic disconnection of supply
Devices for protection against the risk of fire
Devices for protection against overcurrent
Devices for protection against under voltage
Part 5: Selection and erection of equipment
• Chapter 54: Earthing arrangements and protective conductors
Calculation and selection of earth conductor
Part 5: Selection and erection of equipment
• Chapter 55: Other equipment
Safety and general requirement related to the Generating sets, Rotating machines,

Transformers, Socket outlets, light fittings

• Chapter 56: Safety Services

Part 6: Inspection and testing

• Chapter 61: Initial verification
• Chapter 62: Periodic inspection and testing
• Chapter 63: Certification and reporting
 Part 7: Special installations or locations
• 700 General
• 701 Locations containing a bath or shower
• 702 Swimming pools and other basins
• 703 Rooms and cabins containing sauna heaters
• 704 Construction and demolition site installations
• 705 Agricultural and horticultural premises
• 706 Conducting locations with restricted movement
• 708 Electrical installations in caravan / camping parks and similar locations
• 709 Marinas and similar locations
• 710 Medical locations, reserved for future use
• 711 Exhibitions, shows and stands
• 712 Solar photovoltaic (pv) power supply systems
• 714 Outdoor lighting installation
• 715 Extra-Low Voltage lighting installations
• 717 Mobile or transportable units
• 721 Electrical installations in caravans and motor caravans
• 722 Electrical Vehicle charging installations
• 729 Operating and maintenance gangways
• 730 Onshore Units of Electrial shore connections for inland navigation vessels
• 740 Temporary electrical installations for structures, amusement devices and booths at fairgrounds, amusement parks and circuses
• 753 Floor and ceiling heating systems
 Appendix
• 1 British Standards to which reference is made in this Standard
• 2 Statutory regulations and associated memoranda
• 3 Time/current characteristics of overcurrent protective devices and residual current devices
• 4 Current-carrying capacity and voltage drop for cables
• 5 Classification of external influences
• 6 Model forms for certification and reporting
• 7 Harmonized cable core colours
• 8 Current-carrying capacity and voltage drop for busbar trunking and powertrack systems
• 9 Definitions - multiple source, DC. and other systems
• 10 Protection of conductors in parallel against overcurrent
• 11 Effect of harmonic currents on balanced three-phase systems – Not used
• 12 Voltage drop in consumers' installations – Not used
• 13 Methods for measuring the insulation resistance/impedance of floors and walls to Earth or to the protective conductor
system
• 14 Determination of prospective fault current
• 14 Measurement of earth fault loop impedance: consideration of the increase of the resistance of conductors with
increase of temperature – Moved into Appendix 3
• 15 Ring and radial final circuit arrangements, Regulation 433.1
• 16 Device for protection against overvoltage
• 17 Energy efficiency
Output of the design.
• Design calculation sheets.
Lighting selection sheets, Lux level distribution charts etc.
Load calculation sheets
Cable selection sheets
Short circuit calculation sheets

• Design drawings
Schematics drawings
Single line drawings for distribution boards
Layout drawing for lighting, socket outlets
Layout drawings for generator, transformer etc.
Earthing and lightning projection drawings.

• Bill of Quantity

• Technical specification
OUT PUT OF THE DESIGN.

Statutory Details of other

requirements services
Calculation
sheets

Drawings
Start with Design
Start Detail Design
Brief

BOQ

Standards &
Technical
Regulations specification
OUT PUT OF THE DESIGN.
• Preparation of Design calculation sheets.
Lighting selection sheets, Lux level distribution charts.
Load calculation sheets
Cable selection sheets
Short circuit calculation sheets

• Design drawings
Schematics drawings / Single line drawings for distribution boards / Layout drawing
for lighting, socket outlets / Layout drawings for generator, transformer / Earthing
and lightning projection drawings.

• BOQ Preparation

• Technical specification
 Implementation and Execution

• Project implementation will be done by the project team. If there is a special reason
which require a design change, designer shall review the design again to see the
possibility of implementation.

• Installation aspect will be covered in “On site guide of IEE Regulation”

• Erection methods will be discussed in detail during a separate session

Testing and Verification
• Initial verification
Testing and Verification
• Initial verification
Test Equipment
Insulation resistance tester

Impedance tester RCCB Tester

Testing and Verification
• Periodic inspection and testing
Continuity Test
R1

R1+R2
Testing and Verification
• Insulation Resistance testing
Final Distribution system Industrial application
Testing and Verification
• Insulation Resistance testing
Group circuits
Testing and Verification
• Polarity testing
Visual checks where colored cables are used
Checks as part of the continuity testing using shorted out cable
Neon and similar voltage probes
Multimeters
Indicators on ELI testers and similar.
Testing and Verification
• Earth Loop Impedance test (ELI - Ze)
External ELI and Total ELI

System Max Ze (Ohm)

TT 21

TN C S 0.35

TN S 0.8
Testing and Verification
• Prospective fault current testing
Testing and Verification
• Testing RCDs and other functional tests
Testing and Verification
• Testing RCDs and other functional tests
Testing and Verification
• Verification of voltage drop
Regulation 612.14 gives two methods for checking voltage drop,
either by measuring a circuit’s impedance or by checking design criteria.
The regulation only suggests doing this where it is necessary to verify compliance with the voltage drop
requirements. In practice, this will mean where there is a voltage drop problem.

• Soil resistance in TT system

4 rod method 3 Rod method
Testing and Verification
• Certification and reporting
Electrical installation certificate
This certificate should be used for new installations including alterations and additions. The
certificate requires signatures for the three different aspects of design, construction, inspection
and test. The certificate should be accompanied by the appropriate schedules of inspections and
test results.
Thank you