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Week 6-CHEM4015-CIVE4140-2023-2024

This document provides an overview of microbial kinetics and activated sludge process (ASP) design for wastewater treatment. It discusses the growth and consumption kinetics of bacteria involved in wastewater treatment. Key aspects covered include microbial yield coefficient, substrate consumption rate, bacterial growth rate, endogenous decay, and the relationship between these via specific growth rate equations. The document also presents the mass balance equations for microorganisms and substrate in a simple completely mixed flow reactor (CSTR) system and derives design equations to predict microbial biomass and substrate concentration as a function of system parameters.

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Nitin Raut
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50 views

Week 6-CHEM4015-CIVE4140-2023-2024

This document provides an overview of microbial kinetics and activated sludge process (ASP) design for wastewater treatment. It discusses the growth and consumption kinetics of bacteria involved in wastewater treatment. Key aspects covered include microbial yield coefficient, substrate consumption rate, bacterial growth rate, endogenous decay, and the relationship between these via specific growth rate equations. The document also presents the mass balance equations for microorganisms and substrate in a simple completely mixed flow reactor (CSTR) system and derives design equations to predict microbial biomass and substrate concentration as a function of system parameters.

Uploaded by

Nitin Raut
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Waste Treatment Processes

(CHEM4015/CIVE4140)
Week 6
Design of Treatment Systems
Microbial Kinetics and ASP Design

Lecturer Name: Dr Nitin Raut


Dr Amal Al Saadi
Prof Rajamohan Natarajan
Academic Year: 2023-2024
Kinetics of Microbial Growth
 Purpose--primarily to stabilize organic content, usually by removal
via CO2 and conversion to biomass; also coagulates colloidal solids,
can target nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus for removal
 Bacteria--a wide variety are primary microorganisms responsible for
treatment--empirical formula C5H7O2N; P0.08 if relevant

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Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. (2003). Wastewater engineering: treatment, disposal and reuse.4th edition, McGraw Hill, Inc., New York, NY
Yield Coefficient, Y

 Part of substrate goes to cell material production. Part


goes to energy production.
 Substrate consumption often measured as BOD
 Can be computed from stoichiometrics or energetics for
single compounds
 Measured in laboratory for complex mixtures
 Aerobic Y typically 0.3 to 0.5.
 “Synthesis” or “true” vs. “Observed” yield
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Substrate Consumption

 Object of biological
wastewater treatment
 Rate of consumption,
dS/dt = rsu
rsu : Rate of substrate concentration change
 Michaelis-Menten expression due to utilization gm/m3.d
 Consequence of enzyme- k : Maximum specific substrate utilization
rate, g substrate/g microorganism.d
substrate reaction kinetics X : Biomass (microorganism) concentration,
E + S  ES E +P gm/m3
S : Growth limiting substrate concentration in
solution, gm/m3
Ks = Substrate concentration at one half the
maximum specific substrate utilization rate,
gm/m3
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Bacterial Growth
Consequence of biological wastewater treatment
Rate of growth, dX/dt = rg
Max specific growth rate = μm (=rgm/X)
Related to substrate consumption by Y

 Substitute 7-14 into 7-12:

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Microbial Growth
 rg also related to rsu by Y
rg = -Y rsu
 Endogenous decay
Cell material consumed for maintenance energy
 Cell death and predation
rd = kd X
 Therefore:

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Microbial Growth

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Specific Growth Rate, μ

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PART-B
Application of Kinetics to
Bioreactor Design

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Key Biokinetic Equations

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General Approach

Develop mass balances for microorganisms and


substrate
Derive equations to predict X and S in terms of
system parameters (design equations)

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A Simple Case – Single Pass CSTR

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Assumptions

 System operating at steady state


– Q, So, Xo, S, X, and V all constant
 Reactor is completely mixed
– Reactor concentrations = effluent concentrations
 Xo = 0
note: Active (substrate-removing) microbial concentration, X, is approximated by MLVSS

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Microorganism Mass (Rate)
Balance – Single Pass CSTR

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Single Pass CSTR 1/6

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Single Pass CSTR2/6

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Single Pass CSTR3/6

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Single Pass CSTR4/6

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Single Pass CSTR5/6

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Single Pass CSTR6/6

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So controlling performance ain’t that easy!
 Efficiency is a function of X and t
 X is a function of S
 S is a function of t
 So S, X, and efficiency are all interrelated and fixed by t in
a single pass CSTR system. Cannot change any of them
without changing t (i.e., tank volume).
 But if could change X independent of t , then could,
theoretically, obtain any removal efficiency (and X and S)
desired with any size tank.
 Requires a different system than single pass CSTR
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References

1. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. (2003). Wastewater engineering:


treatment, disposal and reuse.4th edition, McGraw Hill, Inc.,
New York, NY
2. https://studylib.net/doc/5496826/wastewater-characterization

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