API 650 Storage

Tanks Design
with AmeTank 7.7

Presented by:
Engr. IKEH, Darlington Ikeh MNiMechE
 Part 1 Storage Tanks
1. Definition of Storage Tanks
Table of
2. Parts of a Storage Tank
Content
3. Types of Storage Tanks
4. Designing API 650 Storage Tanks
5. Using AMETank 7.7
Definition of
Storage Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Definition of Storage Tanks

Storage Tanks have been in existence almost since the existence of
man, for storing various liquids, gases or even solids for a short or
Storage long term.
Tanks Therefore, Storage Tanks can be said to be any containment that is
used to store substances, either for preservation, or other use for a
short or long term.
 Definition Parts Types Design

Definition of Storage Tanks

However, engineering and science has diversified the definition of
storage tanks or should we say “containers” for now, based on the
Storage kind of substance they store, the conditions of storage, and a whole
Tanks of other factors.
Hence, we see that;
• Storage for grains and other solids are called silos,
• Storage for Gases and Liquids at high Pressure are called
Pressure Vessels
• Storage for Liquids at Atmospheric Pressure are called Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Definition of Storage Tanks

In this course, we are basically interested in Storage Tanks as
defined by API 650.
This standard establishes minimum requirements for material,
Storage design, fabrication, erection, and inspection for vertical, cylindrical,
Tanks aboveground, closed- and open-top, welded storage tanks in
various sizes and capacities for internal pressures approximating
atmospheric pressure.
This standard applies only to tanks whose entire bottom is
uniformly supported and to tanks in non-refrigerated service that
have a maximum design temperature of 93 °C (200 °F) or less (see
1.1.20) and design internal pressure of 18Mpa
 Definition Parts Types Design

Definition of Storage Tanks

This standard is designed to provide industry with tanks of
Storage adequate safety and reasonable economy for use in the storage of
Tanks petroleum, petroleum products, or liquid products in the industry.
Storage tanks are widely used in other industries for temporary
storage of products to be used later. Storage is an element of great
value in every and different industries.
 Definition Parts Types Design

Definition of Storage Tanks

It Represents a buffer between production of products and
transportation, mainly to absorb variations in consumption.
Storage
Allows water and mud sedimentation of the stored product prior
Tanks
to shipping (through a pipeline or distillation).
Provides operational flexibility to the production process.
Acts as a benchmark, especially in Regulating and Measuring
Stations (RMS).
 Definition Parts Types Design

Definition of Storage Tanks

Tanks are part of various industrial operations such as:
Production, Treatment, Refining, Transport / Distribution,
Inventory Taking of almost all products in almost all industries.
Storage They are a very important component in almost every industry in
Tanks the world, especially in the Oil and Gas Industry.
The failure of any storage tank can have very sever consequences
on the owners, the environment, and persons even unrelated to
the tank operations. Hence, organizations have to take very high
precautions in the design, fabrication, erection and inspection of
storage tanks.
Design being the very first point of call to action and the most
important of all, as a bad design has already lead to a failed tank
 Definition Parts Types Design

Definition of Storage Tanks

Storage It is important to note that API 650 does not apply for all
Tanks categories of petroleum fluids as seen in the table in the next slide.
There is a thin line between a storage tank and a pressure vessel
and the code boldly draws that line.
 Definition Parts Types Design

Storage
Tanks
Parts of Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Parts of a Storage Tanks

Storage The various parts of a storage tanks are easy to identify
Tanks by almost anyone, however there are a few of them
whose terms are technical and can’t be identified
except you’ve been trained
 Definition Parts Types Design

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Vent

Roof Nozzles
Manway

Roof Plate

Platform
Storage
Tanks
Piping

Stairs
Shell

Shell Nozzles
 Definition Parts Types Design

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Storage
Tanks

Annular Plate
Shell
Bottom Plate
 Definition Parts Types Design

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Basic Parts of a Storage Tanks

• Foundation.
• Bottom Plate
• Shell
Storage • Roof/Roof Support
Tanks • Tank accessories/appurtenances
• Nozzles and Manway
• Ladder and Stairs
• Vent
• Piping
• Measurement Instruments
Types of Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Types of Storage Tanks

Storage tanks are used in refinery, chemical, and
petrochemical, and operations to store crude oil, intermediate
Storage and refined products, gas, chemicals, and water. Such
Tanks characteristics of the stored fluid as quantity, volatility,
chemical characteristics, and corrosiveness combine with such
considerations as the required storage pressure to determine
the type, size, and construction material of a storage tank.
 Definition Parts Types Design

Types of Storage Tanks

The following standard types of API 650 storage tanks:
Storage • Fixed Roof (Cone, Dome)
Tanks
• Floating Roof
• Fixed Floating Roof
 Definition Parts Types Design

Fixed Roof
Are the simplest type of atmospheric storage tank. The roof is
usually in the form of a cone or dome.
Storage
Tanks Cone roof tanks can be up to 90 m (300 ft.) in diameter and
20 m (64 ft.) in height. In larger diameter tanks, internal
structural members that consist of girders, rafters, and columns
must be used to support the roof. The fixed roofs of smaller
diameter tanks may be designed to be self-supporting.
 Definition Parts Types Design

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Atmospheric Tanks – Fixed Roof (cone)

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Atmospheric Tanks – Fixed Roof (dome)

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Atmospheric Tanks – Floating Roof

Are another common type of atmospheric storage tank. The
design of floating roof storage tanks minimizes breathing losses
of hydrocarbon vapor when the tank is filled and emptied.
Storage The floating roof eliminates a vapor space above the stored
Tanks liquid or maintains a small and constant vapor space. The shell
and bottom of floating roof tanks are similar to cone roof
storage tanks, but the roof is designed to float on the stored
liquid. The most common type of floating roof is the annular-
pontoon-type. The doubledeck-type floating roof is used for
very large diameter tanks in order to increase roof stability
 Definition Parts Types Design

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Atmospheric Tanks – Floating Roof (Single Deck)

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Atmospheric Tanks – Floating Roof (Double Deck)

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Atmospheric Tanks – Fixed Roof with Floating Internals Roof

Usually consist of a cone roof storage tank with a pan-type,
panel-type, or pontoon-type floating roof located inside. The
floating roof in this case is called an internal floating roof. The
internal floating roof may be constructed of materials other
than steel, such as aluminum or plastic.
Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Storage
Tanks
Design of Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Design and Specification/Codes for Storage Tanks

We know design revolves round the specification of materials,
dimensions and structure of the object of design to solve our
problem. When designing Storage tanks, the following are factors for
consideration
Storage • Tank Type • Nozzles and Manway Design
Tanks • Material selection. • Ladder and Stairs design
• Shell design. • Vent design
• Roof design. • Wind load including wind stiffener.
• Bottom Plate Design • Seismic loads.
• Tank foundation. • Tank testing
• Tank accessories/appurtenances • Etc.
 Definition Parts Types Design

Design and Specification/Codes for Storage Tanks

API-650 covers the material selection, design, fabrication, erection, and
testing requirements for vertical, cylindrical, above ground, closed- and
open-top, welded steel storage tanks for internal pressures that are
approximately equal to atmospheric pressure.
Storage If the supplemental requirements that are contained in Appendix F of
Tanks API-650 are applied, storage tanks may be designed for internal
pressures up to 18 kPa (ga; 2.6 psig). The entire tank bottom must be
uniformly supported. API-650 tanks must be in nonrefrigerated service
and they will typically have a maximum operating temperature of 93ºC
(200ºF).
A maximum operating temperature of 260ºC (500ºF) is permitted
when the additional requirements contained in Appendix M of API-
650 are followed.
 Definition Parts Types Design

Design and Specification/Codes for Storage Tanks

AMETank 7.7 helps us take care of all the detailed design calculations
we have to go through in the ancient design days of
• Calculate Dimensions of Tank based on Capacity
• Determine Code to design to based on requirements and fluid
Storage properties
Tanks • Select Materials
• Calculate Base Plate and shell thickness
• Sketch Tank Structure and detailed drawings
• Develop Base Plate structure and detailed drawings
• Development Tank Shell structure and detailed drawings
• Develop Roof structure and detailed drawings
• Develop Appurtenance structure and detailed drawings
 Definition Parts Types Design

Storage
Tanks

AmeTank provides you the option to

chose the code you are designing to on
opening of the software
 Definition Parts Types Design

AMETank allows you to make full 3D model of the tank you are
designing so you can see it as it is going to be on construction.

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

AMETank allows you to make full fabrication drawings for construction

of your designed tank, including every welding details. Less work for
draftsmen

Storage
Tanks
 Definition Parts Types Design

Storage
Tanks Brief Demonstration of Ametank