DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF

MANUAL PIPE BENDING

MACHINE

19MEZ61–DESIGN AND FABRICATION PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

ASHWIN R 2012013
GANDHI RAM R 2012027
HARIRAM P 2012028
MADHUBALAN G 2012050

In the partial fulfilment for the award of degree

Of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ALAGAPPA CHETTIAR GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY, KARAIKUDI – 630 003.

(An Autonomous Institution; Affiliated to Anna university, Chennai – 600 025)

MAY – 2023

i
ALAGAPPA CHETTIAR GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY, KARAIKUDI – 630 003.
(An Autonomous Institution; Affiliated to Anna university, Chennai – 600 025)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MANUAL

PIPE BENDING MACHINE” is the bonafide work of “ASHWIN R(2012013),

GANDHI RAM R(2012027), HARIRAM P(2012028), MADHUBALAN G

(2012050)” who carried out the project under my/our supervision during the academic

year 2022-2023.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr.K. RAMANATHAN M.E, Ph.D Prof.N. RAJAKUMAR M.E
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT PROJECT SUPERVISOR
PROFESSOR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ENGINEERING
ACGCET,KARAIKUDI-630 003. ACGCET,KARAIKUDI-630 003.

Submitted for the project viva-voce examination held on

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First and foremost is our duty to thank the Almighty for being with us all the time and
bring out this project with flying colours.

We are greatly obliged to Dr.P.K.PALANI, M.E, Ph.D., Principal, A.C. Government

College of Engineering And Technology, Karaikudi, for giving us this wonderful
opportunity to do the project within our campus.

We would like to express our hearty thanks to Dr.K.RAMANATHAN, M.E, Ph.D.,

Head of the Department, who gave us support and for granting us permission to carry
out this project in our college mechanical laboratory.

we would like to thank our Guide Prof.N.RAJAKUMAR, M.E., Assistant Professor,

Department of Mechanical Engineering for granting us permission to do this project and
guided us all through our works and was encouraging all our efforts to make this Project
a success.

We would like to thank our faculty advisor Dr.R.SARALA, M.E,Ph.D., Associate

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering who gave us enormous support and
motivated us to do this project with great success.

Also, we extend our thanks to our friends, staffs and others who helped and supported
us during all the times.

iii
 ABSTRACT

Mechanical Engineering without production and manufacturing is meaningless.

In our project Pipe Bending Machine, pipe made up of various materials like copper,

stainless steel etc.. is being bend with the help of this machine and various shapes is

obtained like U-shape, circular, curvature etc.. It is widely used in various industrial

operations such as bending a tube to make coil.

The scale of the machine is very convenient for movable work. It is entirely created

by steel. Moreover, it is easy to carry and use at anytime and anywhere. Power is not

necessary for operating this machine for pipe bending, and everything works manually

and, in addition, required low less talent to figure this machine. Therefore, our objective

is to extend preciseness at low costs while not moving the pipe bending's productivity.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT Ⅳ
TABLE OF CONTENTS Ⅴ
LIST OF FIGURES Ⅶ
LIST OF TABLES Ⅷ

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW 1
1.2 NEED FOR PIPE BENDING 1
MACHINE
1.3 PROJECT SPECIFICATION 2
1.4 SCOPE OF PROJECT 2
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 3
3. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION 5
4. METHODOLOGY 6
4.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THREE 6
ROLLER PIPE BENDING MACHINE
4.2 PROCESS OF ROLLING 8
4.3 NUT AND BOLT MECHANISM 8
5. DESIGN 9
5.1 DESIGN APPROACH 9
5.2 DESIGN OF VARIOUS 10
COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM
5.2.1 DESIGN OF PULLEY 10
5.2.2 DESIGN OF BEARING 11
5.2.3 DESIGN OF LEAD SCREW 12
5.2.4 DESIGN OF FRAME 13
5.2.5 DESIGN OF CRANK HANDLE 14

6. DESIGN CALCULATION
6.1 FORCE CALCULATION 15
6.2 DESIGN OF BEARING 16

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 6.3 DESIGN OF PULLEY 18
6.4 DESIGN OF LEAD SCREW 18
7. MODELLING 20
7.1 2D MODELLING OF VARIOUS 20
COMPONENTS
7.2 ASSEMBLY DIAGRAM 23
8. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 25
9. APPLICATIONS 25
10. CONCLUSIONS 26
11. REFERENCES 27

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO DESCRIPTION PAGE NO

4.1 THREE ROLLER BENDING 6

4.2 INITIAL CONDITION 7
4.3 RUNNING CONDITION 7
4.4 LEAD SCREW AND NUT 8
6.1 LEAD SCREW 18
7.1.1 FRAME 20
7.1.2 LEAD SCREW 21
7.1.3 PULLEY 21
7.1.4 SCREW HANDLE 22
7.1.5 CRANK HANDLE 22
7.2.1 ASSEMBLED VIEW 23
7.2.2 ISOMETRIC VIEW 24

vii
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO DESCRIPTION PAGE NO

5.1 SPECIFICATIONS OF PULLEY 10

5.2 SPECIFICATIONS OF BEARING 11
5.3 SPECIFICATIONS OF LEAD SCREW 12
5.4 SPECIFICATIONS OF FRAME 13
5.5 SPECIFICATIONS OF CRANK HANDLE 14

viii
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW

In modern days, all area of industries are going to like automated, economically
and accurate machinery .There is many types of pipe bending machine are available in
market like hydraulic pipe bending machine, pneumatic pipe bending machine, manual
pipe bending machine etc.
The main focus of this project is to design the manual roller bending machine.
This machine does not involve any external force or electricity; instead, it involved only
a man force, i.e., a person can run the machine with the help of a hand. The design of
this machine is so that it requires a little force to perform the task .
The whole machine can be mounted on the table which has enough strength to
carry the weight and force of machine .Three pulleys are mounted on the frame among
in which two is fixed and one is movable. Pulleys are driven by the handle . Here the
lead screws are used for working pulley for up & down linear motion. Pulley gets that
motion from Lead screw is working as a nut and bolt mechanism. The lead screw is get
rotary motion manually.. Bending is a manufacturing process that produces a V-shape,
U-shape, or channel shape along a straight axis in ductile materials..

1.2 NEED FOR PIPE BENDING MACHINE

As we know that pipe bends are used in various household things therefore it is
necessary to build an economical pipe bending machine. It is also used in designing of
various machine components, without this bending device a machine can’t work
properly. As far as industrial application is concerned it is used for piping purpose. The
reason to design a bending machine is because there is no proper bending machine to
bend a solid or hollow pipe for small scale.

1
1.3 PROJECT SPECIFICATION

The specifications of this project mainly involve the use of mechanisms, in a

manual roller bending machine, the nut and bolt mechanism and elementary theory of
rolling, In simple words, most specifications are linked with the theory of machines.
Since he project's objective is to design a manual roller bending machine, the concepts
of mechanisms must be clear. First of all, all the parts are separately designed, and then
they are assembled. The specifications of the manual roller bending machine must be
like it consumes very little power and delivers much work. Moreover, the machine must
have reliability so that it can operate for longer hours.

1.4 SCOPE OF PROJECT

In order to define the scope of a project, it is necessary to first establish the project
objectives. The objective of a project may be to produce a new product, create a new
service to provide within the organization. Mannual pipe bending machine is less costly
comparing to hydraulic and pneumatic pipe bending machines and so Small industries
as well as big manufacturer of various pipes. Bent pipe used as a structural member in
vehicles and also used as a passage ways in condenser, evaporator, water & gas line,
drainage lines etc…

2
 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

Prof. N.N. Jadeja

In Sep, 2011 Prof. N.N. Jadeja of Department of Mechanical Engineering, Of GEC

Bhavnagar has found MANUALLY OPERATED PIPE BENDING MACHINE is used
in small industries. This machine generally used for low cost purchasing purpose. It has
low accuracy of bending and force is not uniformly distributed over a whole length of
pipe so, this bending machine is not preferable.

Basil Okafor & Danial Obiora

In May, 2014 Basil Okafor & Danial Obiora of Department of Mechanical

Engineering, of Fedral University Owerri Nigeria has found MOTORIZED PIPE
BENDING MACHINE WHICH IS OPERATED by 2HP MOTOR. This machine can
run in both upward and downward direction. Here worm and wheel gear mechanism is
used. Mandrel used for less thickness pipes.

Prof. A. Pandiyan

In Nov, 2015 Prof. A. Pandiyan of Department of Mechanical Engineering, Of

Saveetha School of engineering Chennai has found a ZIGZAG PIPE BENDING
MACHINE is used for making zigzag profile pipe. It is operated by hydraulic bottle jack.
This bending machine is only used for zigzag profile so, not used for other bending
operations.

H.A. Husain, M. Sohil Pervez

H.A. Husain, M. Sohil Pervez of Department of Mechanical Engineering, Of

Anjuman college of engineering and Technology, Chennai Nagpur, has found a
BICYCLE INTEGRATED PIPE DESIGN BENDING MACHINE. It is unlike other
electric motor operating pipe bending machine. It is used for ECONOMIC &
ACCURATE DIMENSION. It will help to maintain environment green. Here is one
Disadvantage is process taking more time

3
Jong GyeShin

In their paper he has done the experiment on MechanicsBased Determination of

the Center Roller Displacement in Three-Roll Bending for Smoothly Curved
Rectangular Plates. The objective of this paper is to develop a logical procedure to
determine the center roller displacement, in the three-roll bending process, which is
required in the fabrication of curved rectangular plates with a desired curvature.

P.G. Mehar

In his M. Tech Thesis studied the manually operated and power operated sheet
bending machine. Experimentations were conducted on sheet in order to measure
actual no. of passes, time required to complete bending process etc. Also, productivity
of sheet bending process is analyzed in depth. Design of various components of power
operated sheet bending machine considering various theories of failure in elastic region
and values for bending force, power required, spring back radius etc. for different
diameters, thicknesses and width of sheet metal has been determined

Muhammed, S.Ravivishwnath, P Sureshkumar , N. Sarvanan

Design and fabrication of hydraulic rod bending machine, April 2014. Worked on
design and fabrication of rod bending machine and they concluded that Each and every
work of human is reduced by a machine, but few areas like construction the usage of
machines for bending rods for stirrups which are used to withstand loads in beams and
columns are not done by machine because the cost of machine is high and need skilled
labours to operate it. So this project is aimed to do bending operation for stirrups using
hydraulics and named as hydraulic rod bending machine. The main objective of our
project is to implement the hydraulic rod bending machine in the construction sites with
less cost compared to the existing bending machines, and increasing the productivity of
the stirrup

4
 CHAPTER 3: PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

❖ There are several types of pipe bending machine available in the market such as
compression bending machine, ram bending, rotary draw bending, and zig zag
pipe bending etc…

❖ But in zig zag pipe bending machine only it can be used for making zig zag profiles
and it operated by hydraulic bottle jack for up and down movement. In other types,
the pipe can not be bent into a full circular coiled shapes, only angle bending and
the U-bending can be done.

❖ Based on the power source, the pipe bending machine are hydraulic operated,
pneumatic operated, electrically operated and manually operated. Hydraulic and
pneumatic bending machine are very costly and they require maintenance which
makes them not suitable for the small scale industry and domestic works. In
addition, to that they are heavy and not portable and can’t be moved from one
place to another.

5
 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY

Three roller bending is also used for producing work pieces with large bending
radii. The method is similar to the ram bending method, but the working cylinder and
the two stationary counter-rollers rotate, thus forming the bend. Normally there are 2
fixed rollers and one moving roller and the work piece is passed forward and backward
through the rollers while gradually moving the working roller closer to the counter rollers
which changes the bend radius in the pipe.

Working roller

workpiece

Counter rollers

Fig 4.1 Three Roller Bending

4.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THREE ROLLER PIPE BENDING MACHINE

3-roll bending is used for producing work pieces with large bending radii. The
method is similar to the ram bending method, but the working pulley and the two
stationary counter-pulley rotate, thus forming the bend. Normally there are 2 fixed pulley
and one moving pulley and the work piece is passed forward and backward through the
pulley while gradually moving the working pulley closer to the counter pulley which
changes the bend radius in the pipe.

6
 Downward feed by Pulley

Working roller

Direction of feed

Counter rollers

Fig 4.2 Initial Condition

This method of bending causes very little deformation in the cross section of the
pipe and is suited to producing coils of pipe as well as long sweeping bends like those
used in powder transfer systems where large radii bends are required. Pipe enters through
one side of machine with guidance of stationary pulley. Also the continuous radius of
curvature can achieved of pipe.

Fig 4.3 Running Condition

7
4.2 PROCESS OF ROLLING

In the first stage the pipe is kept between top roller and bottom rollers as shown
in Figure 4.2 and the top roller is given vertical displacement to get the required bend.
In next stage the bottom rollers are driven using handle in forward direction to get the
roll bending of the plate. Similarly the rollers are driven in reverse direction to get better
dimensional accuracy of the final product. The bent plate is than unloaded by raising the
top roller by using lead screw. For obtaining varying radius of curvature for the pipe
mathematical formula can be used.

4.3 NUT AND BOLT MECHANISM

Lead screw is used in our project to covert rotary motion into linear motion.
A lead screw is sometimes referred to as a “power screw” or a “translation screw”. They
are used within motion control devices to transform rotary or turning movements into
linear movements. It works on the principle of nut and bolt mechanism.

Lead screws are threaded bars of metal and a threaded nut which is in direct
contact with the screw; this generates sliding friction as opposed to rolling friction from
other alternative devices (such as a ball screw). Rotational motion will turn the screw,
causing the nut to move along in a linear motion. This, therefore, converts the motion
from rotary to linear. They can be used for either vertical or horizontal movements and
can use linear glides for support where necessary.

Fig 4.4 Lead Screw and nut

8
 CHAPTER 5: DESIGN

5.1 DESIGN APPROACH

❖ The pipe bending machine consists of various components such as frame,

pulley, lead screw, nut, and some other components such as bearings, nuts
and bolts.

❖ Good materials selection was undertaken to withstand load, wear

and to reduce noise and ease of maintenance.

❖ Frame, lead screw, nut are made up of mild steel to withstand heavy load,
and the bearings is made up of stainless steel, where pulley is made up of
alloy steel.

❖ For designing the CAD model of our project, we have chosen to use
AutoCAD 2020 by Autodesk because of its ease to use and integrated
workflow design.

❖ First, we created 2D and 3D view of all the individual components by

using AutoCAD 2020 and then assembled 3D view by using PTC CREO
6.0.

9
5.2 DESIGN OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM

5.2.1 DESIGN OF PULLEY

Pulley is the major components of this system and it is generally used as a DIE
which allows to bent the pipe. The bearings are fitted inside the pulley for its smooth
rotation. There are three pulleys of similar sizes are used in our project. The rotary
motion for the pulleys is given manually by the handle which is attached to the pulley.

TABLE 5.1 SPECIFICATIONS OF PULLEY

Material Alloy Steel

Diameter 70 mm

Face Width 25 mm

Bore diameter 32 mm

Groove diameter 62 mm

Groove Angle 32O

Distance between 17 mm

grooves

10
5.2.2 DESIGN OF BEARING

In general, bearings are used to provide a smooth and noiseless rotation to the
pulley. In our project, bearings are placed inside the pulley which helps to rotate the
pulley in the desired motion and thereby reducing friction. We have selected SKF-6201Z
deep groove ball bearings for its load carrying capacity in both axial and radial directions
and it require little maintenance.

TABLE 5.2 SPECIFICATIONS OF BEARING

Material Stainless steel

Bore diameter 12 mm

Outside diameter 32 mm

Width 10 mm

Static load rating 7.28 kN

Dynamic load rating 3.1 kN

Limiting speed 32000 r/min

11
5.2.3 DESIGN OF LEAD SCREW

Pulley receives motion from the lead screw, which functions as a nut and bolt
mechanism. The lead screw is used here to convert rotary motion into linear motion. The
rotatory motion for the screw as provided by the handle connected with the screw. The
lead screw is being rotated. The lead screw is mounted on the horizontal supporting plate,
which is fixed between two vertical parallel supporting plates of the frame.

TABLE 5.3 SPECIFICATIONS OF LEAD SCREW

Material Mild steel

Length 350 mm

Nominal diameter 20 mm

Core diameter 17 mm

Pitch 3 mm

Pitch diameter 18.5 mm

Helix angle 2.95 o

12
5.2.4 DESIGN OF FRAME

The frame is the supporting member used here. The frame we used here
consists of two vertical plates which are joined together by nut and bolt. The mild steel
is the material used for the frame because of its high tensile strength and good
weldability. The frame was designed with a mechanism to fit a moving roller via a screw
mechanism into the center. The unit is equipped with a slot made in the middle of the
frame.

TABLE 5.4 SPECIFICATIONS OF FRAME

Material Mild steel

Length 450 mm

Height 400 mm

Slotted hole diameter 30 mm

Slotted hole length 17 mm

Slotted hole position Centre of the plate

Bolt hole diameter 13 mm

13
5.2.5 DESIGN OF CRANK HANDLE
One of the rollers (Centre roller) is equipped with a hand-operated crank handle
that allows it to be driven manually. This handle was attached to the pulley by using bolt
which is welded at the both corner of the centre pulley. By using this crank handle, full
rotation (360o rotation) to the pulley was given manually.

TABLE 5.5 SPECIFICATIONS OF CRANK HANDLE

Material Mild steel

Crank Length 150 mm

Crank height 50 mm

Crank thickness 4 mm

Handle length 150 mm

Position Attached to the centre roller

14
 CHAPTER 6: DESIGN CALCULATION
SELECTION OF PIPE:

For the manually operated bending machine it is not necessary or possible

to bend pipe of higher diameter. In industry ½” inch, ¾” inch, 1” inch pipes are
commonly used. so, we have selected 1/2” inch diameter pipe as it would be economical.

The specifications of the standard ½’’ inch pipe are given below:

Outside diameter, do= 21.34 mm

Inside diameter, di = 15.8 mm

Thickness, t = 2.77 mm

6.1 FORCE CALCULATION:

From general bending equations,

𝑀 𝜎
=
𝐼 𝑌

𝑀𝑦
=𝜎
𝐼

𝑀
=𝜎
𝑍

𝜋(𝑑04 −𝑑𝑖4 )
For circular cross section, Z=
32𝑑0

𝜋(21.344 −15.84 )
Z= = 667.37 mm3
32 𝑋 21.34

The yield stress value of the pipes for the various materials are given below:

• mild steel = 250 Mpa

• copper = 110 Mpa
• stainless steel = 205 Mpa

considering distance = 200 mm

15
 𝑧.𝜎
finding force required to bend, from F =
𝑑

for mild steel of same dimension,

667.37 x 250
F Mild steel = = 834.12 N
200

for copper pipe of same dimension,

667.37 𝑥 110
F copper = = 367.05 N
200

for stainless steel pipe of same dimension,

667.37 𝑥 205
F stainless steel = = 684.05 N
100

The frame and the lead screw should be fail proof . For, considering this safety aspect,
we will consider the design force as F = 1500N

6.2 DESIGN OF BEARING

Assumptions made during selection are:

• The expected life of bearing is 50 million revolutions

• Axial load is 50% of the radial load

SELECTION OF BEARING

Radial load = 1500 N

Axial load = 750 N

Let the bearing selected be deep grove ball bearing SKF 6201
• Static capacity, co = 3100 N
• Dynamic capacity , c = 7300 N

CALCULATION OF EQUIVALENT LOAD:

Equivalent load , p = (XFr + YFa) S

16
From the below table from PSG data book X = 0.56 , Y = 1.1 ,

service factor S = 1. 1 for rotary with no impact

equivalent load, P = (0.56 x 1500 + 1.1 x 750 ) x 1.1

= 1831.5 N

CALCULATION OF DYNAMIC CAPACITY :

𝑐
At 200 rpm and life of 4000 Hrs , = 3.63
𝑝

C = 3.63 x 1831.5 = 6648.5 N

Since the calculated dynamic capacity of the bearing C calculated (6648.5 N )< Crated
(7300N) ,the design of the bearing is safe

BEARING SAFETY FACTOR

𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 3100
Safety modulus , fs = = = 1.7
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 1831.5

BEARING SPECIFICATIONS :

• ISI No.12BC02
• Bearing of basic design no. (SKF) = 6201
• Bore diameter ,d = 12 mm
• Outer diameter ,D = 32 rum
• Width , B = 19 mm
• Maximum permissible speed = 20000 rpm

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6.3 DESIGN OF PULLEY

As the outer diameter of pipe (DO) is 21.34 mm, the material was selected for
the roller as alloy steel. For fewer defects in bending, the larger roller diameter was taken
as 3 (three) times the diameter of the pipe [21.34]. So, the large roller recommended
diameter is 64.02 mm. Roller dimensions are shown below:

Diameter of pulley , D = 70 mm

Width of pulley , b = 25 mm

Bore diameter , db = 32 mm

6.4 DESIGN OF LEAD SCREW

Assuming single threaded square lead screw and a factor of safety be 3.

Nominal diameter (d) = 20 mm

Pitch (p) = Lead (l) = 3 mm

Pitch diameter , dm = 18.5 mm

Coefficient of Friction (µ) = 0.15

Core diameter (dc) = 17 mm

Weight of the roller = 0.5 kg

FIG 6.1 LEAD SCREW

18
Finding torque required:

Friction angle , 𝜙 = tan-1(𝜇) = tan-1(0.15 ) = 8.53O

lead
Helix angle , 𝛼 = tan-1 ( )
𝜋𝑑

3
𝛼 = tan-1 ( ) = 2.95
𝜋 𝑥 18.5

• Finding torque required to raise the pulley ( 1 rev of screw)

𝑑𝑚
T1 = W x tan(𝛼 + 𝜙) x
2

18.5
T1 = 5 x tan (2.95 + 8.53 ) x
2

T1 = 9.39 N-mm

• Torque required to lower the pulley

𝑑𝑚
T2 = W x tan(𝜙 − 𝛼) x
2
18.5
T2 = 5 x tan ( 8.53 – 2.95) x
2

T2 = 4.52 N – mm
Since the lower load acting on the screw is positive , the screw is self locking.

19
 CHAPTER 7: MODELLING

7.1 2D MODELLING OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS

For designing the CAD model of our project, we have chosen to use
AutoCAD 2020 by Autodesk because of its ease to use and integrated workflow
design. , we created 2D and 3D view of all the individual components by using
AutoCAD 2020 and then assembled 3D view by using PTC CREO 6.0.

FIG 7.1.1 FRAME

20
FIG 7.1.2 LEAD SCREW

FIG 7.1.3 PULLEY

21
 FIG 7.1.4 SCREW HANDLE

FIG 7.1.5 CRANK HANDLE

22
 7.2 ASSEMBLY DIAGRAM

BACK VIEW TOP VIEW

FRONT VIEW BOTTOM VIEW

23
LEFT VIEW RIGHT VIEW

FIG 7.2.1 ASSEMBLED VIEW

FIG 7.2.2 ISOMETRIC VIEW

24
CHAPTER 8: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES:
• It is portable and light in weight.
• It does not require electric power to operate.
• It was ease to operate and does not require any greater skill
• Pipe of different materials can be bent.
• Different shapes of bending can be obtained.
• It is economical and suitable for small scale industries.

DISADVANTAGES:
• Pipe made up of high yield strength material cannot be bent.
• Pipe of various diameter cannot be bent.
• The bending accuracy was not good as automated.

CHAPTER 9: APPLICATIONS
The major uses of this pipe bending machine is given as follow:

• To bend a pipe in required angular shape, circular or U-shaped. This pipes are
generally used in refrigeration, air conditioning system, pipeline transporting
gases, plumbing etc,,
• To bend the pipe of various materials.
• Machine is convenient for portable work and can be moved from place to place
• Pipe can be bent into coils.

25
 CHAPTER 10: CONCLUSIONS

Nowadays, pipe bending is a common occurrence. Various automatic and semi-

automatic bending systems are used in mass manufacturing. However, automated and
semi-automatic pipe bending machines are expensive for limited manufacturing. They
still cannot be used in areas where electricity is scarce and expensive. Manual pipe
bending, on the other hand, is less costly and simple to build and run. The plans,
development, and performance tests are all depicted in this article

26
 CHAPTER 11: REFERENCES

❖ Clifford M.J., Eastwood D. (2006). Design of hydraulic pipe bending machine

No. 77 pp.269-280

❖ Strength of Material – Er.Rk Rajput, for calculating the force during bending.

❖ “A textbook of Machine Design” by (R S Khurmi, J K Gupta), ISBN-

9789255010834.

❖ Hussain, H. A. (2014). Design and Development of Bicycle Integrated Pipe

Bending Machine. Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSRJMCE).

❖ Jayakumar, A. (2019). Design and Fabrication of Roll Bending Machine. ISSN-

2349- 5162, 3.

❖ Pachange, R. (2019). DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MANUAL ROLLER

BENDING MACHINE. International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IRJET), 7.

❖ Khandare, P. P. (2016). Study of Portable 3-Roller Pipe Bending. International

Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science, 4.

27