English intensive course

Academic year: 2023-2024

Licence 1 : propaedeutic lesson

LESSON N°1: PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS

A) Compare these two situations :

I’ve been painting my bedroom. I’ve painted my bedroom.

There is paint on Kate’s clothes. The bedroom was green. Now it is yellow.
She has been painting her bedroom. She has painted her bedroom.
has been painting is the present perfect has painted is the present perfect simple.
continuous. Here, the important thing is that something
We are thinking of the activity. It does not matter has been finished. ‘She has painted’ is a
whether it has been finished or not. In this completed action. We are thinking about the
example, the activity (painting the bedroom) has result of the activity (the painted bedroom),
not been finished. not the activity itself.

B) Compare these examples:

• My bike is OK again now. I’ve

• My hands are very dirty. I’ve repaired it. (= I’ve finished repairing it)
been repairing my bike.
• Somebody has eaten all the chocolates.
• Joe has been eating too much
The box is empty.
recently. He should eat less.
• It’s nice to see you again. What • Where’s the book I gave you? What
have you been doing since we have you done with it?
last met? • Have you ever played tennis?
• Where have you been? Have you
been playing tennis?

C)

We use the continuous to say how long (for We use the simple to say how much, how many or
something that is still happening): how many times (for completed actions):
• How long have you been reading • How many pages of that book have
that book? you read?
• Amy is writing emails. She’s been • Amy has sent lots of emails this morning.
writing emails all morning. • They’ve played tennis three times this
• They’ve been playing tennis since week.
2 o’clock. • I’m learning Arabic, but I haven’t learnt
• I’m learning Arabic, but I haven’t very much yet.
been learning it very long.
D)
Some verbs (for example, know) are not normally used in continuous forms (be + -ing):
• I’ve known about the problem for a long time. (not I’ve been knowing)
• How long have you had that camera? (not have you been having)
But note that you can use want and mean in the present perfect continuous (have/has been + -ing):

• I’ve been meaning to phone Anna, but I keep forgetting.

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 English intensive course
Academic year: 2023-2024
Licence 1 : propaedeutic lesson

Exercises: 10.1 Read the situation and complete the sentences. Use the verbs in brackets.
1 Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and now he is on page 53.
He has been reading for two hours. (read)
He has read 53 pages so far. (read)

2 Rachel is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe. She began her trip three months ago.
She …………………………………………………..for three months. (travel)
……………………………………………………….six countries so far. (visit)

3 Patrick is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was 10 years old. This year he won the
national championship again – for the fourth time.
………………………………………………………..the national championship four times. (win)
………………………………………………………..since he was ten. (play)

4 When they left college, Lisa and Sue started making films together. They still make films.
They ………………………………………………… films since they left college. (make)
…………………………………………………………five films since they left college. (make)

10.2 Ask questions using the words in brackets. Use the present perfect simple (have/has done) or
continuous (have/has been doing).

1 You have a friend who is learning Arabic. You ask:

(how long / learn / Arabic?) How long have you been learning Arabic?

2 You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. You ask:
(wait / long?) Have …………………………………………………………

3 You see somebody fishing by the river. You ask:

(catch / any fish?) …………………………………………………………….

4 Some friends of yours are having a party next week. You ask:
(how many people / invite?) ………………………………………………….

5 A friend of yours is a teacher. You ask:

(how long / teach?) …………………………………………………………….

6 You meet somebody who is a writer. You ask:

(how many books / write?) …………………………………………………….
(how long / write / books?) ……………………………………………………

7 A friend of yours is saving money to go on a world trip. You ask:

(how long / save?) ……………………………………………………………….
(how much money / save?) ………………………………………………………

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 English intensive course
Academic year: 2023-2024
Licence 1 : propaedeutic lesson

10.3 Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous.
1 Where have you been? Have you been playing (you / play) tennis?
2 Look! ………………………………………………(somebody / break) that window.
3 You look tired. ……………………………………….. (you / work) hard?
4 ‘ ………………………………………………… (you / ever / work) in a factory?’ ‘No, never.’
5 Where’s Lisa? Where ……………………………………… (she / go)?
6 This is a very old book. ………………………………………….(I / have) it since I was a child.
7 ‘Have you been busy?’ ‘No, ……………………………………… (I / watch) TV.’
8 My brother is an actor. …………………………………………….(he / appear) in several films.
9 ‘Sorry I’m late.’ ‘That’s all right. ………………………………………..(I / not / wait) long.’
10 Are you OK? You look as if ………………………………………….(you / cry).
11 ‘Is it still raining?’ ‘No, ……………………………………………..(it / stop).’
12 The children are tired now. ………………………………………..(they / play) in the garden.
13 ……………………………………..(I / lose) my phone. …………………………….. (you / see) it?
14 …………………………….. (I / read) the book you lent me, but …………………………..
………………………………….(I / not / finish) it yet. It’s really interesting.
15 …………………………………. (I / read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now.

LESSON N°2: RELATIVE CLAUSES 1: CLAUSES WITH WHO/THAT/WHICH

A Study this example situation:

Last week we had a party and a lot of people came. Everybody enjoyed it.
Everybody who came to the party enjoyed it.
relative clause

A clause is a part of a sentence. A relative clause tells us which person or thing (or what kind of
person or thing) the speaker means:
the woman who lives next door to me
(‘who lives next door to me’ tells us which woman)
people who complain all the time
(‘who complain all the time’ tells us what kind of people)

• We use who in a relative clause for people (not things):

• The woman who lives next door to me is a doctor.
• I don’t like people who complain all the time.
• An architect is someone who designs buildings.
• What was the name of the person who called?
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 English intensive course
Academic year: 2023-2024
Licence 1 : propaedeutic lesson

• Do you know anyone who wants to buy a car?

We also use that for people, but not which:

• The woman that lives next door to me is a doctor. (not the woman which)
Sometimes you must use who (not that) for people.

B) When we are talking about things, we use that or which (not who) in a relative clause:

• I don’t like stories that have unhappy endings.

or … stories which have unhappy endings.
• Grace works for a company that makes furniture.
or … a company which makes furniture.
• The machine that broke down is working again now.
or The machine which broke down …
In these examples that is more usual than which, but sometimes you must use which.

C) In relative clauses we use who/that/which, not he/she/they/it.

Compare:

• I met a Canadian woman at the party. She is an English teacher. (2 sentences)

I met a Canadian woman who is an English teacher. (1 sentence)
• I can’t find the keys. They were on the table.
Where are the keys that were on the table? (not the keys they were)

D) What = the thing(s) that

Compare what and that:

• What happened was my fault. (= the thing that happened)

but

• Everything that happened was my fault.

(not Everything what happened)
• The machine that broke down is now working again.
(not The machine what broke down)

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 English intensive course
Academic year: 2023-2024
Licence 1 : propaedeutic lesson

Exercises 92
92.1 What do these words mean? Choose from the box and write sentences with who.
steals from a shop buys something from a shop
designs buildings pays rent to live somewhere
doesn’t tell the truth breaks into a house to steal things
is not brave expects the worst to happen

1 (an architect) An architect is someone who designs buildings.

2 (a customer) …………………………………………………………………
3 (a burglar) ……………………………………………………………………
4 (a coward) …………………………………………………………………….
5 (a tenant) ……………………………………………………………………..
6 (a shoplifter) …………………………………………………………………..
7 (a liar) …………………………………………………………………………
8 (a pessimist) …………………………………………………………………..

92.2 Make one sentence from two. Use who/that/which.

1 A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital.
The girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital.

2 A waiter served us. He was impolite and impatient.

The ………………………………………………………………
3 A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.
The ………………………………………………………………
4 Some people were arrested. They have now been released.
The …………………………………………………………………
5 A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour.
The …………………………………………………………………

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 English intensive course
Academic year: 2023-2024
Licence 1 : propaedeutic lesson

92.3 Complete the sentences. Choose from the box and use who/that/which.
happened in the past makes furniture
runs away from home can support life
cannot be explained has stayed there
developed the theory of relativity were hanging on the wall

1 Helen works for a company that makes furniture .

2 The movie is about a girl …………………………………………………………………………
3 What happened to the pictures ? ………………………………………………………………….
4 A mystery is something . ………………………………………………………………………….
5 I’ve heard it’s a good hotel, but I don’t know anyone . ………………………………………………
6 History is the study of things …………………………………………………………………………
7 Albert Einstein was the scientist ……………………………………………………………………..
8 It seems that Earth is the only planet …………………………………………………………………
92.4 Are these sentences right or wrong? Correct them where necessary.
1 I don’t like stories who have unhappy endings. stories that have
2 What was the name of the person who phoned? OK
3 Where’s the nearest shop who sells bread? ………………….
4 Dan said some things about me they were not true. …………………..
5 The driver which caused the accident was fined £500. ………………….
6 Do you know the person that took these pictures? ………………….
7 We live in a world what is changing all the time. ………………….
8 Gary apologised for what he said. ………………….
9 What was the name of the horse what won the race? …………………..

Listening (n°6)
1. What does sharon usually have for lunch? Why ?

2. What does Jason usually have for lunch? Why?

3. What kind of restaurants do jason and Sharon go to?

4. What typical dish would they cook for foreign guests?