Chapter 1: An Overview of C++

Ex-1: efficient way to code the I/O statements:

Code:
# include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
cout << "Name:Mredul Adhikary"<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;

int i , j ;
double d ;
i = 10;
j = 20;
d = 99.101;
cout << " Here are some values : " ;
cout << i << ’ ’ << j << ’ ’ << d ;
return 0;
}
Output:

Ex-2: create classes

Code:
# include <iostream>
using namespace std ;
class myclass{
int a ;
public :
void set_a ( int num ) ;
int get_a () ;
};
void myclass :: set_a ( int num ){
a = num ;
}
 int myclass :: get_a (){
return a ;
}
int main (){
cout << "Name:Mredul Adhikary"<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;

myclass ob1 , ob2 ;

ob1 . set_a (10) ;
ob2 . set_a (99) ;
cout << ob1 . get_a () << " \ n " ;
cout << ob2 . get_a () << " \ n " ;
return 0;
}
Output:

Ex-3: program creates a class called stack that implements a stack that can be used to
store characters:

Code:
# include <iostream>
using namespace std;
# define SIZE 10
class stack {
char stck [ SIZE ];
int tos ;
public:
void init () ;
void push (char ch ) ;
char pop ();
};

void stack:: init (){

tos = 0;
}
void stack :: push ( char ch ){
if ( tos == SIZE ){
cout << " stack is full ";
return;
}
stck [ tos ] = ch ;
tos ++;
}

char stack :: pop (){

if ( tos ==0)
{
cout << " Stack is empty ";
return 0;
}
tos--;
return stck [tos];
}
int main (){
cout << "Name: Mredul Adhikary "<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;

stack s1,s2;
int i ;
s1.init() ;
s2.init() ;
s1.push('a') ;
s2.push ( 'x') ;
s1.push ( 'b') ;
s2.push ( 'y') ;
s1.push ( 'c') ;
s2.push ( 'z') ;
for ( i =0;i <3; i ++)
cout<< " Pop s1 : " << s1 . pop () << "\n" ;
for ( i =0;i <3; i ++)
cout<< " Pop s2 : " << s2 . pop () << "\n" ;
return 0;
}
Output:

Ex-4: Function Overloading for absolute values

code:
# include < iostream >
using namespace std ;
int abs ( int n ){
cout << " In integer abs () \ n " ;
return n <0 ? -n : n ;
}
long abs ( long n ){
cout << " In long abs () \ n " ;
return n <0 ? -n : n ;
}
double abs ( double n ){
cout << " In double abs () \ n " ;
return n <0 ? -n : n ;
}
int main (){
cout << "Name: Mredul Adhikary"<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;

cout << " Absolute value of -10: " << abs ( -10) << " \ n \ n " ;
cout << " Absolute value of -10 L : " << abs ( -10 L ) << " \ n \
n ";
cout << " Absolute value of -10.01: " << abs ( -10.01) << "
\n\n";
return 0;
}
Output:

Ex-5: Function Overloading for date

Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std ;
void date( char *date ){
cout << " Date : " << date << "\n" ;
}
void date ( int month , int day , int year ){
cout << " Date : " << month << "/" ;
cout << day << " /" << year << "\n" ;
}
int main(){
cout << "Name: Mredul Adhikary"<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;

date("8/12/99");
date(8,12,99);
return 0;
}

Output:
Ex-6: Overloaded functions with differ in the number of arguments
Code:
# include < iostream >
using namespace std ;
void f1 ( int a )
{
cout << " In f1 ( int a ) \ n " ;
}
void f1 ( int a , int b )
{
cout << " In f1 ( int a , int b ) \ n " ;
}
int main ()
{
cout << "Name: Mredul Adhikary "<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl

f1 (10) ;
f1 (10 , 20) ;
return 0;
}

Output:

Chapter-2: Introducing Classes

Ex-1: class that contains a constructor and a destructor function:

Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class myclass {
int a;
 public :
myclass ();
void show ();
};
myclass :: myclass () {
cout << "In constructor \n";
a = 10;
}
void myclass :: show () {
cout << a;
}
int main () {
cout << "Name: Mredul Adhikary"<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;

myclass ob;
ob. show ();
return 0;
}

Output:

Ex-2: s a simple string class, called strtype, that contains a string and its length. When
a strtype object is created, memory is allocated to hold the string and its initial length
is set to 0. When strtype object is destroyed, that memory is released.
Code:
# include <iostream>
# include <cstring>
# include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
# define SIZE 25
class strtype {
char *p;
int len;
public:
strtype (); // constructor
~ strtype (); // destructor
void set ( char *ptr );
void show ();
};
strtype :: strtype () {
p = ( char *) malloc ( SIZE );
if (!p) {
cout << " Allocation error \n";
exit (1);
}
*p = '\0';
len = 0;
}
strtype ::~ strtype (){
cout << "Freeing p\n";
free (p);
}
void strtype :: set ( char *ptr ) {
if( strlen (p) >= SIZE ) {
cout << "String too big \n";
return;
}
strcpy (p, ptr);
len = strlen (p);
}
void strtype :: show () {
cout << p << "\n length: " << len ;
cout << "\n";
}
int main () {
cout << "Name: Mredul Adhikary "<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;

strtype s1 , s2;
s1.set (" This is a test.");
s2.set ("I like C++. ");
s1. show ();
s2. show ();
 return 0;
}

Output:

Ex-3: Constructor with Parameters.

Code:
# include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class myclass {
int a;
public :
myclass (int x);
void show ();
};
myclass :: myclass (int x){
cout << "In constructor \n";
a = x;
}
void myclass :: show () {
cout << a << "\n";
}
int main () {
cout << "Name: Mredul Adhikary "<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;

myclass ob (4) ;
ob. show ();
return 0;
}
Output:

Ex-4: Inheritance
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class B {
int i;
public :
void set_i (int n);
int get_i ();
};
class D : public B
{
int j;
public :
void set_j (int n);
int mul ();
};

void B:: set_i (int n) {

i = n;
}
int B:: get_i () {
return i;
}
void D:: set_j (int n) {
j = n;
}
int D:: mul() {
return j*get_i ();
}
int main () {
 cout << "Name: Mredul Adhikary"<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;

D ob;
ob. set_i (10);
ob. set_j (4);
cout << "Multiplication: "<<ob.mul()<< endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Ex-5: Object Pointers

Code:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class myclass {
int a;
public :
myclass (int x);
int get ();
};
myclass :: myclass(int x) { a = x; }
int myclass :: get () { return a; }

int main () {
cout << "Name: Mredul Adhikary"<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;

myclass ob(120) ;
myclass *p;
p = &ob;
cout << " Value using object : " << ob.get();
cout << "\n";
 cout << " Value using pointer : " << p->get();
return 0;
}
Output:

Ex-6: OBJECT POINTERS

Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std ;
class myclass
{
int a ;
public :
myclass ( int x ) ;
int get () ;
};
myclass :: myclass ( int x )
{
a = x;
}
int myclass :: get ()
{
return a ;
}
int main ()
{
cout << "Name: Mredul Adhikary"<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;

myclass ob (420) ;
myclass * p;
p = & ob;
cout << " Value using object : " << ob.get() ;
cout << " \n " ;
cout << " Value using pointer : " << p->get () ;
 return 0;
}
Output:

Ex-7: Create a program with structure

Code:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
struct st_type {
st_type ( double b, char * n );
void show ();
private:
double balance;
char name [40];
};
st_type :: st_type ( double b, char * n ) {
balance = b;
strcpy (name,n) ;
}
void st_type :: show () {
cout << " Name : " << name ;
if ( balance <0.0) {
cout << " ** " ;
cout << " \n " ;
return;
}
cout << " : $ " << balance << endl;

}
int main () {
cout << "Name: Mredul Adhikary"<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;
 st_type acc1 (1000,"Mredul" );
st_type acc2 (500,"Mre" );
acc1.show ();
acc2.show ();
return 0;
}
Output:

Ex-8: Inline Function

Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std ;
inline int even ( int x ) {
return !( x %2) ;
}
int main () {
cout << "Name:Mredul Adhikary "<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;
if ( even (10) )
cout << " 10 is even \n " ;
if ( even (11) )
cout << " 11 is even \n " ;
return 0;}
Output:
Chapter-03:A Closer Look at Classes

Ex-1:Assigning Objects
Code:
# include <iostream>
using namespace std ;
class myclass{

int a, b ;
public :
void set ( int i, int j ) {

a = i ;
b = j ;
}
void show () {
cout << a <<" "<< b << " \n " ;
}
};
int main () {
cout << "Name: Mredul Adhikary "<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;

myclass o1, o2 ;
o1 . set (10, 4) ;
o2 = o1 ;
o1 . show () ;
o2 . show () ;
return 0;
}
Output:
Ex-2: Passing Objects to Pointers
Code:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std ;
class samp{
int i ;
public :
samp ( int n ) {
i = n ;
}
int get_i () {
return i ;
}
};
int sqr_it ( samp o ){
return o . get_i () * o . get_i () ;
}
int main (){
cout << "Name: Mredul Adhikary"<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;

samp a (10), b (2) ;

cout << sqr_it ( a ) << " \n " ;
cout << sqr_it ( b ) << " \n " ;
return 0;
}

Output:

Ex-3: RETURNING OBJECTS FROM FUNCTIONS

Code:
# include <iostream>
# include <cstring>
 using namespace std ;
class samp{
char s [80];
public :
void show (){ cout << s << " \n " ; }
void set ( char * str ) { strcpy (s, str ) ; }
};
samp input (){
char s [80];
samp str ;
cout << " Enter a string : " ;
cin >> s ;
str.set ( s ) ;
return str ;
}
int main (){
cout << "Name: Mredul Adhikary"<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;

samp ob ;
ob = input () ;
ob.show () ;
return 0;
}
Output:

Ex-4: INTRODUCTION TO FRIEND FUNCTIONS

Code:
# include <iostream>
using namespace std ;
class myclass
{
int n, d ;
public :
 myclass ( int i, int j )
{
n = i ;
d = j ;
}
friend int isfactor ( myclass ob ) ;
};
int isfactor ( myclass ob )
{
if (!( ob . n % ob . d ) )
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
int main ()
{
cout << "Name: Mredul Adhikary"<< endl;
cout << "ID: 20234103429\n"<< endl;

myclass ob1 (10, 2), ob2 (13, 3) ;

if ( isfactor ( ob1 ) )
cout << " 2 is a factor of 10\n " ;
else
cout << " 2 is not a factor of 10\n " ;
if ( isfactor ( ob2 ) )
cout << " 3 is a factor of 13\n " ;
else
cout << " 3 is not a factor of 13\n " ;
return 0;
}

Output: