ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765

ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 6, Special Issue 3, November 2017

Effective Identification of Black Money, Fake

Currency & Expiry Using NFC, IOT &
Android
S Bharathi1, S Vaishnavi Devi2, T Sruthi Priya3
Associate Professor, Dept. of EEE, S A Engineering College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India1
UG Student, Dept. of EEE, S A Engineering College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India2
UG Student, Dept. of EEE, S A Engineering College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India3

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the project is to effectively detect fake currency and curb black money by using cutting
edge technologies like NFC( Near field communication), IOT( Internet of things) and Android. Though the main aim is
to protect the Indian economy our other objective is to promote cashless transaction. This is why our project also
involves smart cards and QR codes

KEYWORDS:Key words: NFC, IOT and QR codes

I.INTRODUCTION

Counterfeiting money has become an enormous problem around the world mainly India. Traditional security
features on currency notes are easy targets for counterfeiters, and they can easily imitate the original currency notes
with fake ones. We introduce a NFC chip to the currency note. NFC chips have had a significant impact on security,
especially in the detection of counterfeit currency. This chip includes serial number, currency amount and expired
date. This system includes a specified machine. In first case once the people are given a currency note to the
machine. This machine is connected to the server. We use IOT technology for the dumping of data in the server.
Then the machine is to check the serial number, amount and expired date. Finally it is intimate the original note or
fake note. In second case the people use smart cards, and this system is to store the transaction between people and
amount details by using server. In third case the people use a QR codes, this system also stores the transaction
between people and amount details by using server. In this we also create an application which can be accessed
through the android phone. This entire system is used to control the circulation of counterfeit currency (black
money) notes as the money which are “expired” has to be brought back to the bank and so the money is always in
circulation and not accumulated to a single person. Through the server we can even trace the path of how the money
is moved. The proposed scheme also allows domestic consumers to identify fake currency notes.

II. PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE

As we can see from the above block diagram, the system consist of a machine to read the currency which is made by
PIC18F458 and the machine also contains LCD display and the machine is given supply as necessary.

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 ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 6, Special Issue 3, November 2017

Fig 1: Block diagram

NFC chip which costs less than one rupee if produced in bulk is placed between the sheets of currency note.
QR (Quick response) code which contains the necessary information of the vendor or merchant using, so when a
customer uses a QR code to buy something it is added\subtracted depending on the transaction. QR code is scanned
using mobile phones. The next part of construction is the designing of smart cards (Credit and debit cards) uniquely and
dumping data regarding the cards into the server. The final part of construction is to design and implement the server
where all data can be dumped and retrieved using IOT technology.

III. HARDWARE ENVIRONMENT

A) NFC- NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION

.

Fig 2: NFC chip.

It is a set of communication protocols that enable two electronic devices, one which is usually a portable
device such as a smart phone, to produce communication by bringing them within a range of 4 cm (1.6 in) with each
other.
NFC-enabled devices- smart phone and a printer operates at a radio frequency ISM band of 13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC
18000-3 air interface at rates ranging from 106 to 424 k bit/s.
NFC device can work in three modes:
1. NFC card emulation—facilitates NFC-enabled devices like smart phones acts like smart cards, allowing
transactions.
2. NFC reader/writer—allows NFC-enabled devices to read information stored on reasonably priced NFC tags
surrounded in labels or tidy posters.
3. NFC peer-to-peer—allows two NFC-enabled devices to commune with each other to swap information in an ad
hoc fashion
FEATURES:
1. Data stored : 96 to 8,192 bytes
2. Frequency : 13.56 MHz
3. ISO/IEC 18000 :3 air interface

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 ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 6, Special Issue 3, November 2017

4. Rates :106 k bit/s to 424 k bit/s

5. Theoretical working distance: up to 20 cm
6. Practical working distance : about 10 cm.
Supported data rates: 106, 212 or 424 k bit/s (the bit rate 848 k bit/s is not compliant with the standard
ISO/IEC 18092). The dual modes are:
1. Passive—the initiator apparatus provides a carrier field and the target apparatus answers by modulating the
existing field. In this mode, the target apparatus draws its operating power from the initiator-provided
electromagnetic field, thus making the target device a transponder.
2. Active—Both initiator and target apparatus converse by alternately producing their own fields. A apparatus
deactivates its RF field while it is coming up for data. In this mode, both devices typically have power
supplies.

B) POWER SUPPLY

Fig 3: KA78XX
FEATURES:
1. Output Current up to 1A
2. Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V
3. Thermal Overload Protection
4. Short Circuit Protection
5. Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig 4: Circuit diagram- KA78XX

a) 78 regulators - positive r voltages from 5 to 24 volts

b) 79 regulators - negative voltages from 5 to 24 volts.

c) For ICs, microcontroller, LCD - 5 volt
d) For alarm circuit, op-amp, relay circuit - 12 volts

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 ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 6, Special Issue 3, November 2017

C) LCD:
A 16x2 LCD means it can exhibit 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD
each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, which are, Command and Data.
SPECIFICATION:
1. Display: 16 characters x 2 lines
2. Backlight: Yellow
3. Operating temperature: 0°C to 50°C
4. Operating voltage: 4.5V - 5.5V
5. Backlight voltage: 5.0V (100mA)
DIMENSION:
1. Module size: 80mm x 36mm x 13.5mm
2. Viewing area: 64.5mm x 14.5mm
3. Mounting hole (Diameter): 2.9mm

Fig 5: LCD design.

D) PIC18F458 MICROCONTROLLER
A microcontroller is an evolved form of micro processor. It contains microprocessor memory, I/O
interfacing circuit and peripheral devices like A/D converter, serial I/O timer etc.It has bit handling instructions.More
multifunctional pins.But it is less flexible in design point of view.
FEATURES:
1. program memory 2 Mbytes
2. data memory 4 Kbytes
3. Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter
4. Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter
5. Timer3: 16-bit timer/counter
6. Programmable Brown-out Reset (BOR)

FLASH TECHNOLOGY:
1. Low-power but with high-speed improved Flash technology
2. Completely static design
3. Broad operating voltage choice (2.0V to 5.5V)
4. Industry and comprehensive temperature ranges

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 ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 6, Special Issue 3, November 2017

Fig 5: Microchip

PIC is also referred to as programmable interface controller. It is used for a wide array of puposes in almost all electrical
and electronic devices.

IV. SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT

1. Operating system : Windows XP

2. Languages : Java
3. Data Base : Mysql

OVERVIEW OF THE MYSQL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

MySQL, the most popular Open Source SQL database management system, is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle
Corporation.

A. MySQL OVERVIEW

1. MySQL is a database management system.

2. MySQL is a relational database management system.
3. MySQL software is Open Source.
4. MySQL Server works in client/server or embedded systems.
5. A large amount of contributed MySQL software is available.

A.1)MYSQL ARCHITECTURE

Three layer model:

Fig 7:MYSQL three layer model.

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 6, Special Issue 3, November 2017

1. The application layer has network services for connection handling, authentication and security. Different clients
interact with MySQL wherein the clients can written in different API’s like:.NET, Java, C, C++, PHP, Python,
Ruby, Tcl, Eiffel, etc...
2. The Logical Layer has the MySQL intelligence , it comprises query parsing, analysis, caching and all built-in
functions (math, date...). This layer is also used to provide functionality which is common across the storage
engines.
3. The Physical Layer is needed for storing and retrieving complete data stored in “MySQL”. Accompanied with
this layer are storage engines, with which MySQL interacts with simple API’s.

Fig 8: N-tier model.

B. JAVA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

Java can be charaterised as
1. Simple
2. Architecture neutral
3. Object oriented
4. Portal
5. Distributed
6. High performance
In the Java computer programming language, all the base or the source codes are first composed in plain text
files with the .java extension. Then those source files are compiled as .class files using javac compiler. A
.class file do not comprise codes that are native to our processor; but it contains byte codes — the pure machine
language of Java Virtual Machine (Java VM). The java launcher then runs our app with instance of the Java Virtual
Machine.
The Java platform has two components:
 The Java Virtual Machine
 The Java Application Programming Interface (API)
JAVA API

Fig 9 :API and JVM

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 6, Special Issue 3, November 2017

B.1) JAVA PLATFORM, STANDARD EDITION

Some of the general purpose packages in J2SE are as follows
1. Java.lang
2. Java.io
3. Java.math
4. Java.net
5. Java.util

B.2) SWING APPLICATION

Swing can be defined as a graphical user interface library for the Java SE platform. It is in the realm of reality to
demand a different look and perception through the pluggable look and feel system of Swing. Clones of Windows,
GTK+ and Motif are provided by Sun.
B.3) THE TOMCAT MANAGER WEB APPLICATION
THE SERVER
The first container element referenced in this snippet is the <Server> element. It represents the entire Catalina servlet
engine and is used as a top-level element for a single Tomcat instance. The <Server> element may contain one or more
<Service> containers.
THE SERVICE
The next container element is the <Service> element, which holds a collection of one or more <Connector> elements
that share a single <Engine> element. N-number of <Service> elements may be nested inside a single <Server>
element.
THE CONNECTOR
The next type of element is the <Connector> element, which defines the class that does the actual Handling requests
and responses to and from a calling client application.
THE ENGINE
The third container element is the <Engine> element. Each defined <Service> can have only one <Engine> element
and this single <Engine> component handles all requests received by all of the defined <Connector> components
defined by a parent service
THE HOST
The <Host> element defines the virtual hosts that are contained in each instance of a Catalina <Engine>. Each <Host>
can be a parent to one or more web applications, with each being represented by a <Context> component.
THE CONTEXT
The <Context> element is the most commonly used container in a Tomcat instance. Each <Context> element represents
an individual web application that is running within a defined <Host>. There is no limit to the number of contexts that
can be defined within a <Host>.

V. MODULES

A modular design exponentially reduces complexity of ideas , facilities flexible change (important aspect in effective
software maintenance), and results in easier implementation with the help of parallel development of different parts of
the complete system.
MODULES:

MODULE DESCRIPTION:

1. CURRENCY ENROLLMENT
In this module, we can design and implementation of currency enrolment. In this every currency having tag number,
currency value and serial number. Here first the User wants to create an account and then only they are allowed to
access the Network. Once the User creates an account, they are to login into their account and request the Job from the
Service Provider. Based on the User’s request, the Service Provider will process the User requested Job and respond to
them. All the User details will be stored in the Database of the Service Provider. In this Project, we will design the User
Interface Frame to Communicate with the Server through Network Coding using the programming Languages like

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

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(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 6, Special Issue 3, November 2017

Java. By sending the request to Server Provider, the User can access the requested data if they authenticated by the
Service Provider.

2. RBI SERVER
Bank Service Provider will contain information about the user in their Data Storage. Also the Bank Service provider
will maintain the all the User information to authenticate when they want to login into their account. The User
information will be stored in the Database of the Bank Service Provider. To communicate with the Client and with the
other modules of the Company server, the Bank Server will establish connection between them. For this Purpose we are
going to create a User Interface Frame.

3. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
In this module we are going to interface the Embedded Kit, by which NFC values can be observed. And NFC is
communication network is interfaced with the Microcontroller. So that the device can obtain the values. In every
shop, office or any place, we install money counting device which would read the currency. Once the device reads the
currency means it directly transmits to the RBI server. This system will identify the total money transferred using
device by the company. RBI server can also easily track the transaction details.

4. ANDROID APPLICATION
In this module, we can design and implementation of develop the android application for detect the black money. We
would provide reader device which can be attached to the mobile via OTG connectivity to any of the merchants or
vendors. In case of any immediate transactions or small event transactions, this system can be utilized. In this NFC
reader connected with the mobile phone will read the NFC tags embedded in the currency. So same way as in the NFC
admin can easily track the transactions happened via mobile NFC id.

5. QR CODE PROCESS
QR code short for Quick Response code is a specific two-dimensional code readable by dedicated QR code readers and
smart phones. The code consists of black module arranged in a sequence pattern on a white background. The
information encoded can be text, URL or other data. In case of small vendors like street business merchants vegetable
selling people and so, Public can scan the QR code which contains the account details of the server. Automatically
amount would be credited to the specific user account.

6. CASHLESS TRANSACTION
In this module, we will create and implementation of cash less transaction. As per the government policy, we are
implementing cashless transaction using card. As we are know card transaction is activated in the bank.

7. BLACK MONEY DETECTION

In this module, we will create and implementation of black money detection. Using the entire above four
methodologies RBI server can easily track all of the transactions (Income & Expenditure) made by every individual
users, merchants or vendors. This is directly compared with the total audit report provided by these people. This system
will strongly detect the black money process.

8. EXPIRY SMS ALERT

In this module, we will create and implementation of sms alert for expiry date of currency. Every currency note having
expiry date. In case currency is expiry means automatic sms alert to corresponding user. This system will totally
eradicate the black money.

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 6, Special Issue 3, November 2017

VI. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

The above given circuit comprises entirely of the hardware and software components. This diagram shows PIC
interfaced with the NFC reader which is in turn interfaced to the server through interface. And this is the simple
overview of our project design.

VII. FLOW CHART

LEVEL 0:

LEVEL 1:

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Vol. 6, Special Issue 3, November 2017

LEVEL 2:

VII. SIMULATION AND GUI( GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE)

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

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Vol. 6, Special Issue 3, November 2017

VIII CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

(A)CONCLUSION:

In this project we are implementing four methods to improve Indian economic stability. Using 4 methodologies RBI
easily can track of all the transactions like income and expenditure made by every individuals users/merchants or
vendors(domestic and industrial use). This is directly compared with the total audit report provided by this by these
people. This system will strongly eradicate the black money sector. Also as we are using the feature of “expiry date” in
the currency, the user is automatically notified and so feels a sense of being a part of something whole.

(B)FUTURE SCOPE:

1. We are currently using cloud server for the dumping of all the data and though the output is desirable the next
generation of this project would be the use of “Big data” were the data sets that are so large or complex that traditional
data processing applications are inadequate.

2. Complete implementation of cashless transaction. When there is no hard cash transaction the money lost to economy
by black money and fake currency decreases exponentially. Finally we can hope for economic stability.
.
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[2]Sung-Wook, Park, Im-Yeong, Lee “Transaction Authentication Scheme based on Enhanced Signature RTD for NFC Payment Service
Environments” IEEE 2016.
[3]Prof. Renuka Nagpure, Shreya Shetty, Trupti Ghotkar, Chirayu Yadav “Currency Recognition and Fake Note Detection” IEEE 2016
[4] D. S. Almeling, “Seven Reasons Why Trade Secrets are Increasingly Important,”Berkeley Technology Law Journal, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 1092–
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[5] Y.S. Chen and C.-H. Cheng,“A Delphi-Based Rough Sets Fusion Model for Extracting Payment Rules of Vehicle License Tax in the
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