The English Sounds

[ʌ] – a
E.g. cup [kʌp] =ceașcă
luck [lʌk] =noroc
[ɑ:] – a lung
E.g. arm [ɑ:m]

[æ] – E.g. black [blæc]

fat [fæt] =gras

[ə] – ă
E.g. away [əwei]=departe/plecat
cinema [sinəmʌ]

[ɜ:ʳ] – E.g. turn [tɜ:ʳn]=a (se) întoarce

learn [lɜ:ʳn]= a învăța

[ɪ] – E.g. hit [hɪt]=a lovi

sit [sɪt]= a sta jos

[i:] – E.g. heat [hi:t]=căldură

seat [si:t] = loc (a lua loc)

[ɒ] – E.g. rock [rɒk]=piatră sfântă

hot [hɒt]=cald, fierbinte

[ɔ:] – E.g. call [kɔ:l]

four [fɔ:]

[ŋ] – E.g. interesting [intristiŋ]

morning [mɔ:niŋ]

[tʃ]- ci
E.g. match [mætʃ] = chibrit, partener, a potrivi, meci

[ʃ] - ș
E.g. sharp[ʃarp] = ascuțit;
she[ʃi]=ea;
crash[kræʃ]=accident

[θ] – E.g. think [θink] =a gândi/ a crede

three[θri:]

[ð] – E.g. mother [maðər]

r
father [faðə ]

r
[ʒ]- E.g. pleasure [pleʒə ]=plăcere
r
measure[meʒə ]=a măsura

[dʒ]-gi
r
E.g. engineer[endʒiniə ]=inginer
engine[endʒin]=motor
 The English Alphabet

A [ei] O [əu]
B [bi] P [pi]
C [si] Q [kiu]
D [di] R [a:]
E [i:] S [es]
F [ef] T [ti]
G [dʒ] U [iu]
H [eidʒ] V [vi]
I [ʌi] W [double iu]
J [dʒei] X [ex]
K [kei] Y [wai]
L [el] Z [zed/zi]
M [em]
N [en]

Personal Pronouns

Singular: I. I – eu (se scrie mereu cu majusculă)

II. you – tu
III. he – el
she – ea
it – el/ea (animals/objects/things)
Plural: I. we – noi
II. you – voi/ dumneavoastră
III. they [ðei]= ei/ele

Possessive Pronouns

❖ my= al meu/ a mea/ ai mei/ ale mele

❖ your= al tău/ a ta/ ai tăi/ ale tale
❖ his= a lui
❖ her= a ei [hə ] r

❖ our= [ʌuə ]r

❖ your= al vostru/ a voastră/ ai voștri/ ale voastre

❖ their= al lor/a lor/ai lor/ale lor

! Pronumele posesive vor fi urmate de un alt cuvânt mereu.

e.g. This is my house.

! Următoarele pronume se adaugă mereu la final:

❖ mine
❖ yours
❖ his
❖ hers Subiectul se subînțelege.
 ❖ its
❖ ours
❖ yours
❖ theirs
e.g. This is mine.

Look at (Uită-te la…)

• me (la mine)
• you (la tine)
• her (la ea)
• him (la el)
• it (la el/ea)
• us [ʌs] (la noi)
• you (la voi)
• them [ðəm]

Give…
• me (mie)
• you (ție)
• her (ei)
• him (lui)
• it (lui/ei)
• us (nouă)
• you (vouă)
• them (lor)

1. Replace by: him, her, it, us, them:

(Înlocuiți cu him, her, it, us, them)
Look at the cat.
Look at it.

Example:

a) Give mother a pencil, please.

b) Read the lesson, please.
c) Let`s go and see grandmother.
d) I want to give my parents a present.
e) I`ll thank father tomorrow.
f) Look at Tom and me!
g) I can`t see our friends.
h) Give the cat some milk.

2. Complete the sentences with: me, him, her, us, them:

(Completați propozițiile cu: me, him, her, us, them)
a) Mrs. Romford is giving Mrs his hat. She is giving......his hat.
b) Nick is my friend. He gives.... books to read.
c) The reporter is asking Dan questions. He is asking...... questions.
 d) Grandmother has a present for Doris. She is giving it to.......
e) Angela is talking to her friends. She is talking to.....
f) The cow gives me and all the children good milk to drink. The cow gives .... milk.

Reflexive Pronouns

Singular: I. myself Plural: I. ourself

II. yourself II. yourselves
III. himself III. themselves
herself
itself

➔ Pronumele reflexiv arată că acțiunea exprimată se răsfrânge asupra subiectului.

(Subiectul face singur acțiunea)
E.g. Ea a căzut și s-a rănit. à She fell and hurt herself.
o To fall – a cădea (prezent) - fell (trecut)
o Hurt – rănit

Robert își face tricourile singur.

Robert makes his T-shirts by himself.
o T-shirt - tricou

➔ De asemenea, el poate înlocui pronumele personale aflate după sintagmele:

➢ As
➢ Like
➢ But (for)
➢ Except (for)

E.g. Oamenii ca tine încă preferă cititul în locul privitului la televizor.

People like yourself still prefer reading to watching TV.
o Still – încă, totuși

Toată lumea o flatează cu excepția mea.

Everybody flatters her except myself.

Demonstrative Pronouns

➔ De apropiere: this [ðis] = acesta/ aceasta

these [ði:z] = aceștia/acestea

➔ De depărtare: that [ðæt] = acela/ aceea

those [ðəuz] = aceia/ acelea

The Days of the Week

• Sunday [sʌndei] – duminică

• Monday [mʌndei] – luni
• Tuesday [tʃusdei] – marți
• Wednesday [wensdei] - miercuri
• Thursday [θərzdei] – joi
• Friday [frʌidei] – vinery
• Saturday [sætədei] – sâmbătă

Seasons

• Spring – primăvara
r
• Summer [sʌmə ] – vară
• Autumn – [ɔtəm] – toamnă
• Winter – iarnă

The Months of the year

• January [dʒʌnuərj]
• February [februərj]
• March [martʃ]
• April [eipril]
• May [mej]
• June [dʒu:n]
• July [dʒulʌi]
• August [ɔugəst]
r
• September [septembə ]
r
• October [oktobə ]
r
• November [novembə ]
r
• December [disembə ]
The Numbers

1 – one
2 – two
3 – three
4 – four
5 – five
6 – six
7 – seven
8 – eight
9 – nine
10 – ten
11 – eleven
12- twelve
❖ 13 – 19 teen numbers
r
13 – thirteen [θə ti:n]
r
14 – fourteen [fɔ ti:n]
15 – fifteen
16 – sixteen
17 – seventeen
18 – eighteen
19 – nineteen
 ❖ 20 – 90 numbers
20 – twenty
30 – thirty
40 – forty
50 – fifty
60 – sixty
70 – seventy
80 – eighty
90 – ninety

100 – one hundred

1000 – one thousand
159 – one hundred and fifty nine
1300 – thirteen hundred
1458 – one thousand four hundred and fifty eight
1718 – seventeen eighteen (year)

To Be = Present Simple

❖ I am/ I`m = eu sunt

❖ you are/ you`re = tu ești
❖ he is/ he`s
❖ she is/ she`s
❖ it is/ it`s
❖ we are/ we`re
❖ you are/ you`re
❖ they are/ they`re
Negative
❖ I am not/ I`m not = eu nu sunt
❖ you are not/ you aren`t= tu nu ești
❖ she
❖ he is not/ isn`t
❖ it

❖ we
❖ you are not/ aren`t
❖ they
Interrogative
❖ am I? = sunt eu?
❖ are you?
❖ is he?
❖ is she?
❖ is it?
❖ are we?
❖ are you?
❖ are they?
 To Be = Past Simple

❖ I was [wəz] = eu am fost was [wəz]

❖ you were [wə ] = tu ai fost
r
were [wər]
❖ he
❖ she was
❖ it
❖ we
❖ you were
❖ they
Negative
❖ I was not/ wasn`t [wəzənt]
❖ you were not/ weren`t [wərənt]
❖ he
❖ she was not/ wasn`t
❖ it
❖ we
❖ you were not/ weren`t
❖ they

Interrogative
❖ was I?
❖ were you?
❖ was she?
❖ was he?
❖ was it?
❖ were we?
❖ were you?
❖ were they?

To Have [hæv] = Present Simple

Affirmative
❖ I have= eu am
❖ you have= tu ai
❖ she has = ea are
 ❖ he has = el are
❖ it has
❖ we
❖ you have
❖ they
Negative
❖ I don`t have
❖ you don`t
❖ she
❖ he doesn`t have
❖ it
❖ we
❖ you don`t have
❖ they
Interrogative
❖ do I have?
❖ do you have?
❖ does she have?
❖ does he have?
❖ does it have?
❖ do we have?
❖ do you have?
❖ do they have?

To Have – Past Simple

Affirmative
❖ I had – Eu am avut
❖ You had
❖ He/She/It had
❖ We had
❖ You had
❖ They had
Negative
❖ I didn’t have – eu nu am avut
❖ You didn’t have
❖ He/She/It didn’t have
❖ We didn’t have
❖ You didn’t have
❖ They didn’t have

Interrogative
❖ Did I have? – am avut eu?
❖ Did you have?
❖ Did he/she/it have?
❖ Did we have?
❖ Did you have?
❖ Did they have?

Have Got
➔ Exprimă posesia

Affirmative
❖ I have got
❖ you have got
❖ she has got
❖ he has got
❖ it has got
❖ we
❖ you have got
❖ they
Negative
❖ I haven`t got
❖ you haven`t got
❖ she
❖ he hasn`t got
❖ it
❖ we
❖ you haven`t got
❖ they
Interrogative
❖ have I got?
❖ have you got?
she
❖ has he got?
it

we
❖ have you got?
they

To Do (=a face) – Present Simple

Affirmative
❖ I do – eu fac
❖ You do
❖ He/she/it does
❖ We do
❖ You do
❖ They do

Negative
❖ I don’t do – eu nu fac
❖ You don’t do
❖ He/she/it doesn’t do
❖ We doesn’t do
 ❖ You doesn’t do
❖ They doesn’t do
Interrogative
❖ Do I do? – fac eu?
❖ Do you do?
❖ Does he/she/it do?
❖ Do we do?
❖ Do you do?
❖ Do they do?

To Do – Past Simple

Affirmative
❖ I did – Eu am făcut
❖ You did
❖ He/she/it did
❖ We did
❖ You did
❖ They did
Negative
❖ I didn’t do – Eu nu am făcut
❖ You didn’t do
❖ He/she/it didn’t do
❖ We didn’t do
❖ You didn’t do
❖ They didn’t do
Interrogative
❖ Did I do? – Am făcut eu?
❖ Did you do?
❖ Did he/she/it do?
❖ Did we do?
❖ Did you do?
❖ Did they do?

Date
• 1 – first
st
The 1 of March
• 2 – second
nd
The 2 of March
• 3 – third
rd
The 3 of March
• 4…….20 + th (fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh…)
st
• 21 – the 21 of March
nd
-the 22 of March
rd
-the 23 of March
• 24….30… th
st
the 31 of March

Expressing time
 ❖ o`clock [əklʌ] = fix
❖ a quarter past.. [kwʌ tə ]= și un sfert
r r

❖ half past [ha:f] = și jumătate

❖ a quarter to = fără un sfert
E.g.: 12:45 – It`s a quarter to one.

✓ What time is it? (Cât este ceasul?)

Model: 13:40- It’s twenty to two.

• 14:30 –
• 15:23 –
• 7:46 –
• 9:15 –
• 11:50 –
• 20: 48 –
• 23:22 –

❖ What is your name? (Care este numele tău?)

❖ How old are you? (Câți ani ai?)
❖ Where are you from? (De unde ești?)
❖ What is your job? (Care este jobul tău?)

Indefinite Article

• vowel [vʌwəl] = vocală

• sound [saund] = sunet
• consonant [kɔnsənənt]= consoană
! a [ə]=un/o! ! an [ən]=un/o !
consonant sounds vowel sounds (a, e, i, o, u)
the sound [ju] silent h (h mut)
e.g. a boy – un băiat e.g an orange - o portocală
a school – o şcoală an apple – un măr
a university [juːnɪˈvɜː.sə.ti] an hour – o oră

➔ we use it for singular

Definite Article

! the à [ðə] – consonant sounds (sunete consonantice)

The sound [ju]
E.g. the girl – fata
the girls – fetele
the university
the union

à [ðiː] – vowel sounds (sunete vocalice)

silent ‘h’ (h mut)