Solution

Class 11 - Mathematics

PMI sqn and series sets

Section A
1. (d) F2 ∪ F3 ∪ F4 ∪ F1
Explanation: We know that
Every rectangle, square and rhombus is a parallelogram
But, no trapezium is a paralleogrm
Thus, F1 = F2 ∪ F3 ∪ F4 ∪ F1

2. (a) 290
Explanation: We have,total number of persons are 840
Persons who read Hindi and English are 450 and 300 respectively
Persons who read both are 200
Now to find: number of persons who read neither
Suppose U be the total number of persons, H and E be the number of persons who read Hindi and English
respectively
n(U) = 840, n(H) = 450, n(E) = 300, n(H ∩ E) = 200
Number of persons who read either of them
n(H ∪ E)= n(H) + n(E) – n(H ∩ E)
= 450 + 300 – 200 = 550
Number of persons who read neither,we have
= Total – n(H ∪ E)
= 840 – 550 = 290
Therefore, there are 290 persons who read neither Hindi nor English.
3. (c) R = {(x, y) : 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b}
Explanation: We have, R be set of points inside a rectangle of sides a and b
Since, a, b > 1
a and b cannot be equal to 0
Thus,R = {(x, y) : 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b}
4. (b) B ∩ C'
Explanation: We have,(A ∪ B ∪ C) ∩ (A ∩ B′ ∩ C′)′ ∩ C′
= (A ∪ (B ∪ C)) ∩ (A′ ∪ (B ∪ C)) ∩ C′
= (A ∩ A′) ∪ (B ∪ C) ∩ C′
= ϕ ∪ (B ∪ C) ∩ C′
= B ∩ C′ ∪ ϕ = B ∩ C′
5. (c) 39 ≤ x ≤ 63
Explanation: Suppose p% and q% of people watch a news channel and another channel respectively
n(p)= 63, n(q) = 76, n(p ∩ q) = x, n(p ∪ q) ≥ 100
We know that,
n(p ∪ q) ≥ n(p) + n(q) – n(p ∩ q)
⇒ 100 ≥ 63 + 76 – x
⇒ x ≥ 139 – 100
⇒ x ≥ 39
Now, n(p ∪ q) ≤ n(p) and n(p ∪ q) ≤ n(q)
⇒ x ≤ 63 and x ≤ 76
Therefore, 39 ≤ x ≤ 63
6. (b) 12 cm
a
Explanation: Suppose the length, breadth and height of rectangular solid block be r
, a and ar,
respectively.
a × ar = 216 cm3
a
∴ Volume = r
×

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 ⇒ a3 = 216 = 63
a a
Also, surface area = 2 ( r ⋅ a + a ⋅ ar +
r
⋅ ar) = 252
2

2a2( r + r + 1) = 252 ⇒ 2 × 36(

1 1+r +r
⇒
r
) = 252

⇒ 2(1 + r2 + r) = 7r ⇒ 2r2 - 5r + 2 ⇒ (2r - 1)(r - 2) = 0

1
∴ r= 2
,2
1 a 6×2
For r = 2
; Length = r
=
1
= 12, Breadth = a = 6,
1
Height = ar = 6 × 2
= 3 ,we get
a 6
For r = 2; Length = r
=
2
= 3, Breadth = a = 6, Height = ar = 6 × 2 = 12cm

7. (c) 4
Explanation: We have calculate terms of the sequence,

S1 = 3(1) + 2(1)2 = 5 = t1

S2 = 3(2) + 2(2)2 = 14 = t1 + t2
⇒ S2 - S1 = 9 = t2
∴ d = t2 - t1 = 9 - 5 = 4

8. (a) p
Explanation: Suppose a, d be the first term and common difference respectively.
Thus, Tp = a + (p - 1) d = and ... (1)
TP + q = a + (p + q - 1) d = 0 ... (2)
Subtracting (1), from (2) we obtain qd = - q
Putting in (1) we obtain, a = q - (p - 1) (-1) = q + p - 1
Now, q = a + (q - 1) d = q + p - 1 + (q - 1) (-1)
=q+p-1-q+1=p

9. (c) 45
Explanation: Suppose a and r the first term and common ratio, respectively.
Given that the third term is 4.
∴ ar2 = 4
Product of first 5 terms = a.ar.ar2.ar3.ar4. = a5r10 = (ar2)5 = 45

10. (d) 492 + 2

Explanation: We have, S = 2 + 3 + 6 + 11 + 18 + .... + t49 + t50 ....(i)
∴ S50 = 0 + 2 + 3 + 6 + 11 + 18 + .... + t49 + t50 .....(ii)
On subtracting Eq.(ii) from Eq.(i), we obtain
0 = (2 + 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ...up to 50 terms) - t50
⇒ t50 = 2 + [1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ...up to 49 terms]

[2 × 1 + (49 - 1) × 2] = 2 + 49(1 + 48) = 2 + 492

49
=2+
2

∴ t50 = 2 + 492
Section B
11. Let C be the set of people who like cricket and T be the set of people who like tennis.
Here n(C) = 40, n(C ∩ T ) = 10 and n(C ∪ T ) = 65
We know that n(C ∪ T ) = n(C ) + n(T ) − n(C ∩ T )
∴ 65 = 40 + n(T) - 10

∴ n(T) = 65 - 30 = 35

Number of people who like tennis = 35

Now number of people who like tennis only and not cricket
= n(T - C)
= n(T ) − n(C ∩ T )

= 35 - 10 = 25

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12. Here A ∪ X = B∪ X for some X
⇒ A ∩ (A ∪ X) = A ∩ (B ∪ X)

⇒ A = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ X) [∵ A ∩ (A ∪ X) = A]

⇒ A = (A ∩ B) ∪ ϕ[∵ A ∩ X = ϕ]

⇒ A = A∩ B . . . (i)
⇒ A ⊂ B

Also A ∪ X = B∪ X

⇒ B ∩ (A ∪ X) = B ∩ (B ∪ X)

⇒ (B ∩ A) ∪ (B ∩ X) = B [∵ B ∩ (B ∪ X) = B]

⇒ (B ∩ A) ∪ ϕ = B[∵ B ∩ X = ϕ]

⇒ B∩ A = B

⇒ B∩ A . . . (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we have
A = B.
¯
¯¯¯
13. The number of individuals exposed to chemical C2 but not chemical C1 is given by n(A ∩ B).
¯
¯¯¯
Now, we have n( A∩ B) = n(B) − n(A ∩ B)

= 50 − 30

= 20

Therefore, required number is 20.

14. Given: A.P. 203, 210, 217, ………., 399
Here a = 203, d = 210 - 203 = 7 and an = 399
Now, an = a + (n - 1)d
⇒ 399 = 203 + (n − 1) × 7

⇒ 399 − 203 = (n − 1) × 7

⇒ 196 = (n − 1) × 7
196
⇒ n − 1 = = 28
7

⇒ n = 29
n
∴ Sn = (a + an )
2
29
⇒ S29 = (203 + 399)
2
29
⇒ S29 = × 602 = 8729
2

15. Let r be the common ratio of the given G.P

Here, first term of G.P. is a
and an = b

⇒ arn-1 = b ……….(i)
Given: P = a.ar.ar2.ar3 ..... arn-1
⇒ P = an.r1+2+3+......+ n-1
n(n−1)

n
⇒ p = a r 2

n
⇒ p
2
= a
2n
r
n(n−1)
= [aa r
n−1
] [Squaring both sides]
⇒ P2
= (ab)n [From eq. (i)]
Hence proved
Section C
16. Here
n(U) = a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h = 60 ....(i)
n (H) = a + b + c +d = 25 ....(ii)
n(T) = b + c + f + g = 26 .....(iii)
n(I) = c + d + e + f = 26 ....(iv)
n(H ∩ I ) = c + d = 9 .....(v)

n(H ∩ T ) = b + c = 11 .....(vi)

n(T ∩ I ) = c + f = 8 ....(vii)

n(H ∩ T ∩ I ) = c = 3 ....(viii)

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 Putting value of c in (vii),
3+f=8⇒f=5
Putting value of c in (vi),
3 + b = 11 ⇒ b = 8
Putting values of c in (v),
3+d=9⇒d=6
Putting value of c, d, f in (iv),
3 + 6 + e + 5 = 26 ⇒ e = 26 - 14 = 12
Putting value of b, c, f in (iii),
8 + 3 + 5 + g = 26 ⇒ g = 26 - 16 = 10
Putting value of b, c, d in (ii)
a + 8 + 3 + 6 = 25 ⇒ a = 25 - 17 = 8
Number of people who read at least one of the three newspapers
=a+b+c+d+e+f+g
= 8 + 8 + 3 + 6 + 12 + 5 + 10 = 52
17. Here U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
A = {2, 4, 6, 8} and B = {2, 3, 5, 7}
A ∪ B = {2, 4, 6, 8} ∪ {2, 3, 5, 7}

= {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8}
∴ (A ∪ B) = U − (A ∪ B)= {1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} - {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
′

= {1, 9} . . . (i)
A' = U - A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} - {2, 4, 6, 8}
= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
B' = U - B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} - {2, 3, 5, 7}
= {1, 4, 6, 8, 9}
A ∩ B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} ∩ {1, 4, 6, 8, 9} = {1, 9} ....(ii)
′ ′

From (i) and (ii), we have

′ ′ ′
(A ∪ B) = A ∩ B
n(n+1)
18. S1 =
2
n(n+1)(2n+1)
S2 =
6
2
n(n+1)
S3 = ( )
2

R.H.S. = S3(1 + 8S1)

2
(n(n+1)) n(n+1)
= [1 + 8 ]
2 2

2
n(n+1)(2n+1)
= 9( )
6

2
= 9S2

19. Let the G.P be a, ar, ar2, ar3 ..........,arn - 1

n
a(r −1)
Here S =
r−1
n(n−1)

P= a.ar.ar2 ......... arn-1= n

a .r
1+2+3+.......+(n−1)
= a .r
n
2

n−1 n−2 n−3

1 1 1 1 r +r +r +..........+1
and R = a
+
ar
+ 2
+ …… n−1
= n−1
ar ar ar
n n
1(r −1) r −1
1
= . n−1
= n−1
r−1 ar ar (r−1)
2n n(n−1) n n n n n
n n
a .r (r −1) a (r −1) r −1
Now p2 Rn =
n n(n−1) n
= n
= a (
n
) = S
n

a r (r−1) (r−1) r−1

Hence proved.

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 n+1
a
n+1
+b −−
20. n n = √ab
a +b
1 1
n+1 n+1
a +b a 2 b 2

n n =
a +b 1
1 1
n+1 n+1 n n
a + b = a 2 b 2 (a + b )
1 1 1 1
n+1 n+1 n+ n+
a + b = a 2 b 2 + a 2 b 2

1 1 1 1
n+1 n+ n+ n+1
a − a 2 b 2 = a 2 b 2 − b
1 1 1 1 1 1
n+ n+
a 2 (a 2 − b 2 ) = b 2 (a 2 − b 2 )

1
n+
a 2

( ) = 1
b
1
n+ 0
a 2 a
( ) = ( )
b b

1
n + = 0
2
−1
n =
2

Section D
21. Let M, P and C denote the students studying Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, respectively.
Then, we have,
n (U) = 200, n (M ) =120, n (P) =90, n (C) = 70,
n(M∩ P) = 40, n(P∩ C) = 30, n(M ∩ C) = 50 and
n (M ∪ P ∪ C )′ = 20
Now, n(M ∪ P ∪ C )′ = n(U ) − n(M ∪ P ∪ C )
20 = 200 - n(M ∪ P ∪ C)
n(M ∪ P ∪ C) = 200 - 20 = 180
We know that, n (M ∪ P∪ C) = n (M ) + n (P) + n (C) - n( M ∩ P ) - n ( P ∩ C) - n ( C ∩ M) + n(M ∩ C ∩ P)
∴ 180 = 120 + 90 + 70 - 40 - 30 - 50 + n(M ∩ C ∩ P)

⇒180 = 280 - 120 + n (M ∩ C ∩ P)

⇒180 + 120 - 280 = n(M ∩ C ∩ P)

∴ n ( M ∩ C ∩ P) = 300 - 280 = 20

Hence, 20 students study all the three subjects.

22. Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of given A.P.
m n
∴ Sm = [2a + (m − 1)d] and Sn = [2a + (n − 1)d]
2 2
m
[2a+(m−1)d] 2
Sm m
According to question,
2
= n
= 2
Sn [2a+(n−1)d] n
2

2a+(m−1)d 2
m n 2
⇒ = 2
× ×
2a+(n−1)d n 2 m

2a+(m−1)d
m
⇒ =
2a+(n−1)d n

⇒ 2an + n(m - 1)d = 2am + m(n - 1)d

⇒ 2an - 2am = (mn - m)d - (mn - n)d

⇒ 2a(n - m) = (mn - m - mn + n)d

⇒ 2a(n - m) = (n - m)d

⇒ d = 2a
am a+(m−1)d a+(m−1)2a
Now, an
= =
a+(n−1)d a+(n−1)2a

a(1+2m−2) 2m−1
= =
a(1+2n−2) 2n−1

∴ am:an = (2m - 1):(2n - 1)

23. Given: Sn = 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + 31 + ...... + an-1 + an……….(i)
Also Sn = 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + 31 + ...... + an-2 + an-1 + an ……….(ii)
Subtracting eq. (i) from eq. (ii), 0 = 3 + ( 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + ....... up to (n - 1) terms) - an
n−1
⇒ an = 3 + [2 × 4 + (n − 2) × 2]
2
n−1
⇒ an = 3 + [8 + 2n − 4]
2

⇒ an = 3 + (n - 1) (n + 2)

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 ⇒ an = 3 + n2 + n - 2
⇒ an = n2 + n + 1
n n
2

∴ Sn = ∑ ak = ∑ (k + k + 1)
k=1 k=1

= (12 + 1 + 1) + (22 + 2 + 1) + (32 + 3 + 1) + ...... +(n2 + n + 1)

= (12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + n2) + (1 + 2 + 3 + ...... + n) + n
n(n+1)(2n+1) n(n+1)
= + + n
6 2
2
2 n +3n+1+3n+3+6
= n[ ]
6

2
2 n +6n+10
= n[ ]
6

n 2
= (n + 3n + 5)
3

24. Step I Let the given statement be P(n) i. e.,

2 2 2 2 2
P (n) = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +. . . . . . . + n
n(n+1)(2n+1)
=
6

Step II For n = 1 , we have

1(1+1)(2×1+1)
RHS = 6
1×2×3
= = 1
6
2
= 1 = LHS

Thus, P (1) is true.

Step III For n = k,
Assume that P (k) is true for some positive integer k, i.e.,
2 2 2 2 2
P (k) : 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +. . . . . . . + k
k(k+1)(2k+1)
= .........(i)
6

Step IV For n = k + 1, we shall prove that P(k +1 ) is also true,i.e.,

2 2 2 2 2 2
P (k + 1) : (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +. . . . . . . + k ) + (k + 1)
(k+1)(k+2)[2(k+1)+1]
=
6

Now, consider
LHS = (1
2
+ 2
2
+ 3
2 2
+ 4 +. . . . . . . + k ) + (k + 1)
2 2

k(k+1)(2k+1)
= + (k + 1)
2
[Using Eq.(i)]
6
2
k(k+1)(2k+1)+6(k+1)
=
6
(k+1)[k(2k+1)+6(k+1)]
=
6
2
(k+1)(2 k +k+6k+6)
=
6
2
(k+1)(2 k +7k+6)
=
6
2
(k+1)(2 k +4k+3k+6)
=
6
(k+1)(k+2)(2k+3)
=
6
(k+1)(k+2)[2(k+1)+1]
= = RHS
6

Thus, P (k + 1) is true, whenever P(k) is true.

Hence, from the Principle of Mathematical Induction, the statement P(n) is true for all natural numbers n.
25. Step I Let P(n) be the statement given as
1 1 1 13
P (n) :
n+1
+
n+2
+ …+
2n
>
24
for all n ∈ N ,n > 1

Step II For n = 2 , we have

1 1 7 13
P (2) :
3
+
4
=
12
>
24
, which is true.
∴ P (2) is true.
Step III For n = k , where k > 2 assume that P (k) is true i.e.,
1 1 1 13
P (k) : + + …+ > ...(i)
k+1 k+2 2k 24

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 Step IV For n = k+ 1 , we have to show that, P (k + 1) is true, whenever P (k) is true, i.e., to show
1 1 1 13
P (k + 1) : + + …+ >
k+1+1 k+1+2 2(k+1) 24

1 1 1 1 1 13
or k+2
+
k+3
+ …+
2k
+
2k+1
+
2k+2
>
24

Consider
1 1 1 1 1
+ + …+ + +
k+2 k+3 2k 2k+1 2k+2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
=( + + + …+ ) + + − [adding and subtracting ]
k+1 k+2 k+3 2k 2k+1 2k+2 k+1 k+1

13 1 1 1
> + + − [from Eq. (i)]
24 2k+1 2(k+1) (k+1)

13 1 1−2
> + +
24 2k+1 2(k+1)

13 1 1
> + −
24 2k+1 2k+2

13 (2k+2)−(2k+1)
> +
24 (2k+1)(2k+2)

13 1
> +
24 (2k+1)(2k+2)

13
>
24
1 1 1 13
⇒ + + …+ >
(k+1)+1 (k+1)+2 2(k+1) 24

⇒ P (k + 1) is true, whenever P (k) is true.

∴ P(n) is true for all n ∈ N .
26. Step I Let the given statement be P(n). Then,
P (n) : x
2n
− y
2n
is divisible by (x + y).
Step II For n = 1, we have
2(1) 2(1) 2 2
P (1) : x − y = x − y = (x + y)(x − y),

which is divisible by (x + y)
Thus, P(n) is true for n = 1.
Step III For n = k, assume that P(k) is true,
i.e., P (k) : x2k − y 2k is divisible by x + y.
Then,x2k − y 2k = m(x + y), where m is some expression of x and y
⇒ x
2k
= m(x + y) + y ...(i) 2k

Step IV For n = k + 1, we have to show that P(k + 1) is true whenever P(k) is true,
i.e., to show P(k + 1) : x2(k + 1) - y2(k + 1) is divisible by (x + y).
Now, consider P (k + 1) : x2(k+1) − y 2(k+1)
2k+2 2k+2
= x − y
2 2k 2 2k
= x .x − y .y
2
= x [m(x + y) + y
2k
] − y .y
2 2k
[from Eq. (i)]
2 2 2k 2 2k
= m(x + y)x + x .y − y .y
2 2k 2 2
= m(x + y)x + y (x − y )
2 2k
= m(x + y)x + (x + y)(x − y)y

= (x + y) [mx2 + (x - y) y2k]
which is divisible by (x + y)
Thus, x2(k + 1) - y2(k + 1) is divisible by (x + y), i.e., P(k + 1) is true, whenever P(k) is true.
Hence, by the principle of Mathematical Induction, P(n) is true for all n ∈ N .

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