Human Body and Organ System

Q1. Fill in the blanks.

1. RBCs of the blood contain hemoglobin an iron compound.
2. Diaphragm is present between the thoracic cavity and abdominal
cavity.
3. Cardiac muscles are involuntary
4. pH of oxygenated blood is alkaline
5. Production of RBCs occurs in red bone marrow
6. Blood pressure of a human body is measured with the help of
sphygmanometer
7. Pressure recorded during the contraction of heart is called as systolic
pressure.
8. A person with ‘O’ blood group is called as universal donor.
9. The vessels carrying the blood towards the heart from various parts of
body are called as Veins
10.The blood vessels which carry the blood away from the heart are
called as Arteries
Q2. Find the odd one out.
1. A, O, K, AB, B.
Ans : K
2. Blood plasma, Platelets, blood transfusion, blood corpuscles.
Ans : Blood transfusion
3. Trachea, alveoli, diaphragm, capillaries.
Ans : Capillaries
4. Neutrophils, globulins, albumins, prothrombin.
Ans : Neutrophils
Q3. Define

1. Cellular respiration: Production of energy in the form of ATP from

oxidation of glucose and other soluble nutrients is called cellular
respiration.

2. Blood pressure: Pressure exerted by the flowing blood on the blood

vessel wall is called blood pressure.

3. Diastolic pressure: The minimum blood pressure exerted by the flowing

blood when the heart is not contracting but receiving (i.e. relaxing) the
blood is called diastolic pressure.
 4. Hypertension or High Blood Pressure: The blood pressure value of 140
to 159 mm Hg which is more than the normal blood pressure is called
hypertension or high blood pressure.

5. Internal respiration: Exchange of gases between cells and tissue fluid is

called internal respiration.

Q4. Read the following paragraph and identify the disease.

Today, her child become one and half year old. However, that child does not
seem to be healthy and happy. It was continuously crying and gradually
becoming weak. It has shortness of breath. Its nails become blue.

Ans : From the above mentioned situation or symptoms ,it seems the child is
suffering from the respiratory and circulatory disease. Since he has the problem
in breathing and the nails becoming bluish, this is due to lack of oxygen
circulating in the blood.
Q5. Match the following
Column A Column B (Answers)
1. Heart beats 72 beats
2. RBC 50 – 60 lakh/mm3
3. WBC 5000 – 6000 per mm3
4. Blood donation 350 ml
5. Normal body temperature 37⁰ C
6. pH of oxygenated blood 7.4

Q6. Give reasons.

1. Human blood is red coloured.
Ans :
Blood is red because of haemoglobin present inside our red blood cells that
which is present in our blood.
Hemoglobin is a protein that forms a complex of iron molecules and together
they transport oxygen molecules throughout the body.
2. Upward and downward movement of diaphragm occurs
consecutively.
Ans :
a) Diaphragm is a muscular partition, which is present between the
thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity.
b) During the breathing process the diaphragm moves upward and
downward simultaneously.
c) As when we inhale the ribs rises up whereas the diaphragm lowers
down which causes the decrease in pressure in the lungs, this leads
to intake of air through the nose.
d) And when the ribs returns back to their original position, the
diaphragm rises up which leads to high pressure in the lungs, and
finally this results the moving of air outside through our nose.

3. Blood donation is considered to be superior of all donations.

Ans :
a) Blood cannot be produced by any artificial chemical process.
b) Most of the lives are lost due to blod loss during the major
surgeries, accidents or in some cases like where blood transfusion
is needed, in this situations their lives can be saved if an sufficient
amount of blood only.
c) Therefore blood donation is considered to be superior of all
donations because it can save many life’s of a person.

4. Person with ‘O’ blood group is considered as ‘universal donor’

Ans:
A person with a ‘O’ blood group is considered as a universal donor
because they can donate their blood to any other person having another
blood group.

5. Food must have limited amount of salts.

Ans :
a) Consuming more salts in our food contains more sodium in it.
b) These excess of sodium causes the rise of blood pressure in our
body, this leads to an condition of hypertension.
c) Therefore, one must keep a control of salt over the food.
Q7. Answer the following
1. What is blood circulation?
Ans: The process of pumping blood to all the parts of the body and
bringing back it again to the heart is called as blood circulation.

2. Explain the functional correlation of circulatory system with

respiratory, digestive and excretory system.
Ans:
Respiratory system:
a) This system helps the oxygen from the air to be absorbed into the
blood and this process is taken place in the alveolus which is
present in the lungs.
b) The absorbed oxygen in the blood and through haemoglobin it is
taken to each and every cell of our body.

Digestive system: This system is responsible for the production of

nutrients by breaking the complex substance into simpler ones and then
through circulatory system it transports the nutrients to the different cells.

Excretory system: The excretory system is responsible for the

elimination of waste products from the body.

3. Write a short note on Lungs.

Ans:
a) A pair of lungs is located in the either side of the heart in the thoracic
cavity of the human body.
b) Each lung has double layered covering called as pleura.
c) Lungs are elastic like a sponge.
d) Lungs are made up of many tiny compartments termed as alveoli.
e) Each alveolus is extremely thin walled and hence gaseous exchange can
take place through this thin walls, so as result since there are large
number of alveoli present in the lungs it leads to the larger surface area
for the gaseous exchange.
f) Deoxygenated blood coming from heart by pulmonary arteries is purified
here in the lungs.
g) Lungs continuously help in oxygenation of blood with the help of alveoli
present in it.
4. Explain the structure and function of human blood.
Ans:
Blood is a fluid connective tissue which flows through the blood vessels.
Blood consist of two components such as plasma and blood cells.

Plasma: Plasma is a pale yellow coloured fluid which is made up of 90 –

92% of water and some dissolved nutrients, proteins.

Blood cells: There are three types of blood cells viz, RBC, WBC and
platelets .
RBC : These cells contain a red coloured pigment called as haemoglobin,
which transports the oxygen to the body cells.
WBC: WBC’s are produced in red bone marrow, there are five types of
WBC’s viz basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes and
lymphocytes.
They fight against the germs entering into our body and prevent from the
diseases.
Platelets: When we get injured, the bleeding stops after sometime that is
because of the platelets present in the blood cell which help in clotting of
blood.

Functions of Human blood

a) It transports the oxygen and nutrients to the different parts of the
body.
b) Helps to maintain the constant temperature of the body.
c) It also carries the waste materials from the different parts of the
body to be removed from the excretory system.

5. Explain the difference between Arteries and veins.

Ans:
Arteries Veins
Arteries are thick walled. Veins are thin walled.
Arteries do not have valves Veins have valves
Except pulmonary artery, all Except pulmonary veins, all veins
arteries carry the oxygenated carry the deoxygenated blood.
blood.
Arteries carry blood away from Veins carry blood from the tissues
 the heart to the tissues of the of the body back to the heart.
body
Arteries are located deeper Veins are located superficially
inside the body. beneath the surface of the skin.

6. Explain the differences between External respiration and Internal

respiration.
Ans:
External Respiration Internal Respiration
It occurs between the body and the It occurs in the cellular level.
external environment.
It is a mechanical process It is a chemical process.
It involves the process of It involves the movement of O2
inspiration and expiration from blood into tissue fluid and
movement of CO2 from the tissue.

7. Write the organs and function of the system.

Respiratory system :
Organs: (a) Nose: The air is filtered inside the nose and traps the dust
particles
(b) Pharnyx: It is a common passage for food and air, hence the air
passes through the pharynx into windpipe.
(c) Windpipe: It takes the air into the lungs.
(d) Lungs : It provides the respiratory space for gaseous
exchange.
(e)Diaphragm: By contractrion and relaxation it makes the
breathing
Process.
Circulatory system :
Organs: (a) Heart: It is the main organ where the circulation of blood to the
different body parts occurs.
(b) Blood vessels: Helps in the circulation of the blood.

8. Write a note on Cellular respiration.

Ans:
a) During respiration, the glucose molecules along with some other
soluble nutrients are slowly oxidized with the help of oxygen in
each cell.
b) In this process the energy is released in the form of ATP, CO 2 and
water vapours are produced.
c) These products are not needed for the body and hence given out of
the body in exhalation.
d) This process of cellular respiration is shown by the following
reaction:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (38ATP)