Basics and Logarithm, Mod, WCM
Basics and Logarithm, Mod, WCM
Syllabus
Number System
Ratio and Proportion
Wavy Curve Method
Irrational Inequality
Modulus
Logarithm
Cube 1 – 12
Number System
Natural Number(N)or counting numbers: N={1,2,3,4………∞}
Whole Numbers(W): W={0,1,2,3,4………∞}
Integers(Z or I): I={0,±1,±2,±3,±4………∞}
o Positive Integer I+ = {1, 2, 3, …….} = N
o Negative Integers I- = {…..-3, -2, -1}
o Non-negative integers = {0, 1, 2, 3,…….}
o Non – positive integers {…….-3, -2, -1, 0}
Even Integers = {…-4, -2, 0, 2, 4….}
Odd Integers = {….-3, -1, 1, 3….}
Prime Numbers: Natural Numbers which has exactly 2 factors, 2 is only even prime number = {2, 3, 5, …..}
Composite No: Natural Numbers which has more than 2 facotrs-{4, 6, 8….}
o Note
1 is neither prime nor a composite no
2 is smallest prime no and 4 is smallest composite no
Twin Prime no :2 prime numbers with difference 2. eg:{5,7},{11,13}
Co-prime/relatively prime :two natural numbers(not necessarily prime) having HCF=1, (2,3), (9,10), (1, 2)
o Consecutive natural nos are always co-prime
o 2 primer numbers are always co-prime
𝑝
𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔(𝑸): 𝑄 = {𝑞 |𝑝 ∈ 𝐼, 𝑞 ∈ 𝐼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞 ≠ 0}
22
o 7
= 3.14287
𝑝
o 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑞 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚
5
Q 2.5 = 2
5
Q 0.5 =
9
Q ̅̅̅̅ =?,
3. 14
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 3.141414 … … … … … … …
100𝑥 = 314.141414 … … ….
311
99𝑥 = 311 ⇒ 𝑥 =
99
̅̅̅ ̅̅̅ = 3 + 14
Direct 3. 14 = 3 + 0. ̅14
̅
99
𝑸𝒄
𝑰𝒓𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒐 𝑸′ − 𝑸 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆:
Def 1: can^' t be written in p/q form
𝑒𝑔: √2, √3, √5, 𝜋
22
𝜋≈ (𝑖𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 7), 𝜋 ≈ 3.14(𝑖𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙 𝑒𝑜𝑓 100)
7
22 22
𝜋 = 3.14159, = 3.14287 𝑠𝑜 𝜋 − ≠0
7 7
Def 2 : Non repeating and nen terminating number are irrational number but repeating and non-terminating are
rational number
Ratio –
Used to compare two comparable quantities. Eg : sides of two triangles, radius of two circles.
𝑎
If a and b are two quantities of same kind then ratio is a : b which can also be written as 𝑏 .
In a : b, a(antecedent) and b(consequent)
𝑎 𝑚𝑎 𝑛𝑎
𝑏
= 𝑚𝑏
= 𝑛𝑏
Comparison of two ratios
o (a : b) > (c : d) if ad > bc
o (a : b) = (c : d) if ad = bc
o (a : b) < (c : d) if ad < bc
Q What term must be added to each term of the ratio 5 : 37 to make it equal to 1 : 3 ?
Hint: Let’s add x. make equation and solve to get x x = 11.
Q What term must be added to each term of the ratio 11 : 59 to make it equal to 1 : 4 ?
Hint: Let’s add x. make equation and solve to get x x = 5.
Q If x: y = 3: 4; find the ratio of 7x – 4y : 3x + y.
Hint: keep x = 3y/4. 5: 13
Q If x: y = 4: 3; find the ratio of 2x + 4y : 4x + y. 20:19
Q In a triangle the sides are in the ratio 7:24:25. If its parameter is 112. Find its area. Ans(Sides 14, 48, 50--PGT) 336
Proportion
When two ratios are equal, then the four quantities compositing them are said to be proportional.
𝑎 𝑐
So if 𝑏 = 𝑑, then it is written as a : b = c : d or a : b :: c : d, Where 'a' and 'd' are known as extremes and 'b and c' are
known as means.
Q
Exponent formulae
𝑎 𝑥 𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥+𝑦
𝑎𝑥
= 𝑎 𝑥−𝑦
𝑎𝑦
(𝑎 𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥𝑦
𝑥 𝑎 𝑦 𝑎 = (𝑥𝑦)𝑎
Quadratic Equation
𝑏 𝑐 √𝐷
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 𝑜, 𝑖𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝛼𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝛼 + 𝛽 = − , 𝛼. 𝛽 = , 𝛼 − 𝛽 = 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐷 = √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
(−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐)
𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
2𝑎
Important Formulae
𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠:
1. we can add some or subtract some, sign of inequalities remains the same.
2. if we multiply and divide by the positive number , the sign of inequality will be same
3. if we multiply and divide by the negative number the sign of inequality will be changed
4. if we take reciprocal both sides, the sign of inequality will be changed.
5. Squaring both sides.
1. Find zeroes.
2. Mark it on number line.
3. Determine sign in any interval and alternate the sign.
a. Odd Power – Sign change
b. Even power – No sign change
4. For g(x)>0; take the union of all the positive intervals and for g(x)<0 take the union of all the negative intervals.
Q ( x 2) 0 x (2, )
Q ( x 2)( x 3) 0 x (, 2) (3, )
Q ( x 1) 2 ( x 2) 0 x (2, )
( x 1)2022 ( x 2)2024
Q 0 x (2,3)
( x 3)2023
5
( x 1)6 (2 x)
Q 0 x [2,3)
( x 3)
Q Find x if ( x 2) 2 ( x 3)( x 4)( x 5) 0 is defined.
Q Find the number of integral values of variable x satisfying the following pairs
( x 2)( x 4)
0 and x 2 10 x 39 0
( x 13)
Q MDPP ( x 2 x)( x 3 x)( x 5 x ) 0
( x 2 7 x 12)
Q MDPP The solution set of 0
100( x 2 x 1)
( x 2 3x 4)
Q MDPP Find the number of integers in the solution set of 2 0
( x 4 x 3)
1
Q Solve 0
( x 2)
x2 4x 1
Q MDPP Solve
x2 x2
x2 1 5 17
Q The complete solution of 0 and x 2 5 x 2 0 x [1, ]
x3 2
Q No of non-negative integral values of x satisfying the inequality
2 1 2x 1
3 0 3
x x 1 x 1 x 1
2
Modulus
(Absolute Value Function)
𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 ≥ 0
|𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛| = {
−𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 < 0
𝑒𝑔:
1. √(−2)2 = 2
2. √(−1)2 = 1
3. √(2)2 = 2
4. √(log 1 7)2 = − log 1 7 = log 2 7
2 2
𝑥, 𝑥≥0
𝑠𝑜 √𝑥 2 = √(−𝑥)2 = |−𝑥| = |𝑥| = {
−𝑥 𝑥<0
Q |𝑥| = 5, 𝑠𝑜 𝑥 = ±5
Q |𝑥 − 1| + |𝑥 − 3| = 5, 2 𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 3 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, 3 𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛 4 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛:
𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑥,
𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐼: 𝑓𝑜𝑟 3 ≤ 𝑥
9
(𝑥 − 1) + (𝑥 − 3) = 5 𝑠𝑜 𝑥 = (𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑)𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑧 𝑥 ≥ 3 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑑𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒
2
𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐼𝐼 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 3
(𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥 − 3) = 5, 4 ≠ 5 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑓𝑜𝑟 − ∞ ≤ 𝑥 < 1
1
−𝑥 + 1 − 𝑥 + 3 = 5, 𝑥 = − , 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑧 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, )
2
Q |𝑥| − |𝑥 − 2| = 2 (𝑥 ≥ 2, 𝑠𝑜 ∞ 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛)
1 5
Q |𝑥 + 1| + |𝑥 + 2| = 2 (𝑥 = − 2 , − 2)
9 13
Q |3𝑥 − 2| + 𝑥 = 11 (𝑥 = − 2 ,4
)
2 −1
Q |𝑥 − 2|10𝑥 = |𝑥 − 2|3𝑥
𝒊𝒇 {𝒂(𝒙)}𝒃(𝒙) = {𝒂(𝒙)}𝒄(𝒙) 𝒔𝒐 𝟐 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔, 𝒆𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒂(𝒙) = 𝟏, 𝒐𝒓 𝒃(𝒙) = 𝒄(𝒙), 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌
𝟏 𝟎
𝒆𝒈: 𝒊𝒇 𝒂𝟑𝒙 = 𝒃𝟐𝒙 𝒔𝒐 𝒆𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒂 = 𝒃 = 𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙, 𝒊 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒅𝒍 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒈𝒆𝒕 𝟎𝟎 , 𝒐𝒓 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎
𝟎 𝟎
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛: 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐼 ∶ |𝑥 − 2| = 1 𝑠𝑜 𝑥 = 3, 1, 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑
1 1
𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐼𝐼: 10𝑥 2 − 1 = 3𝑥, 𝑠𝑜 𝑥 = 2 , − 5 (𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑)
𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎:
o 𝑁 = 𝑎 𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 (+𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑜)𝑁 = 𝑎↖𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑥⟵𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
o 𝑁 > 0, 𝑎 > 0 & 𝑎 ≠ 1, 𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚
o 𝑠𝑜 𝑎 𝑥 > 0 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠
o 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑒 = 2.71828
𝑳𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒎𝒊𝒄 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎:
o 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑁 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
o log 𝑎 𝑁 = 𝑥 (𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑁 > 0, 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1
Q log 81 27 = 𝑥 ⇒ 81𝑥 = 27
Q log 2 log 2 4 =?, 𝑙𝑒𝑡 log 2 4 = 𝑥
3
Q log 625 125 =
4
5
Q log 1 9√3 = −2 (𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑)
3
1 1 1 1 1 1
𝐴 = 6 + log 3 4− 4− √4 − √4 − √4 − ……………………∞ 𝐽𝐸𝐸 2𝑘12
2 3√2 3√2 3√2 3√2 3√2 3√2
√ √
( )
1 1 1 1
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = √4 − √4 − ………………..∞ = √4 − 𝑦
3√2 3√2 3√2 3√2
2 1 4
(𝑦 3√2) = 4 − 𝑦, 18𝑦 2 + 𝑦 − 4 = 0, 𝑦 = − (𝑛. 𝑝. ) 𝑜𝑟
2 9
2 2
𝑠𝑜 𝐴 = 6 + log 3 ( ) = 6 − 2(−1) = 4
2 3
Note
𝑓𝑜𝑟 log 𝑎 𝑏 > 0, 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 > 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 > 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑎 < 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 < 1, (𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦)
𝑓𝑜𝑟 log 𝑎 𝑏 < 0, 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 > 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 < 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑎 < 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 > 1, (𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦)
Base change Theorem
log 𝑎
log 𝑏 𝑎 = log𝑐 𝑏 (𝑡𝑜 𝑘𝑒𝑒𝑝 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒); 𝑐 > 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 ≠ 1
𝑐
log𝑎 𝑎 1
log 𝑏 𝑎 = log𝑎 𝑏
= log 𝑏
𝑎
𝑎log𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥 log𝑏 𝑎
log𝑎 𝑥 1
log𝑏 𝑎
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 𝑎 log𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑎log𝑎 𝑏 = (𝑎log𝑎 𝑥 )log𝑎 𝑏 = (𝑎log𝑎 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 log𝑎 𝑏
Q 𝑖𝑓 (log 2 3)(log 3 4)(log 4 5)(log 5 6) … … … … (log 𝑛 𝑛 + 1) = 10 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑛 = ? (𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚) (𝑛 = 1024)
Q 7 log3 5
+3log5 7
−5 log3 7
−7 log5 3
=?
Q 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 log 2 7 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙. (𝐽𝐸𝐸 1982)
𝑙𝑒𝑡 log 2 7 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜
𝑝
log 2 7 = , 𝑝, 𝑞 ∈ 𝑁
𝑞
𝑝 𝑞
(2𝑞 = 7 ) , 2𝑞 = 7𝑞 ,
2 × 2 × 2 × … … … … 𝑝 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 7 × 7 × 7 × … … … … . 𝑞 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 × 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 × … … . . = 𝑜𝑑𝑑 × 𝑜𝑑𝑑 × … … … (𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒) 𝑠𝑜 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − log 2 7 = 𝑥,
log 2 1 < log 2 2 < log 2 4 < log 2 8
𝑠𝑜 2 < log 2 7 < 3
Q 𝑖𝑓 log 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑏 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
log 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑏, ⇒ 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑥
a) 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙
22 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 21/2 = √2, 𝑠𝑜 𝑥 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜
b) 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙
2 3
√2 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 √2 = 2√2 ⇒ 𝑠𝑜 𝑥 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜
c) 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙
2log2 7 = 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2√2 = 𝑥, 𝑠𝑜 𝑥 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ
d) 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙
2 log2 7 log√2 7
√2 = √2 = 7, 𝑠𝑜 𝑥 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ
2
Q 𝑖𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑥 log10 3 ) − (3log10 𝑥 ) − 2 = 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑎log𝑏 𝑐 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝑁 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐. 2 + 3 + 10
Q log 4 (𝑥 2 − 1) − log 4 (𝑥 − 1)2 = log 4 √(4 − 𝑥)2 3 − √6
4
Q 2 log 8 (2𝑥) + log 8 (𝑥 2 + 1 − 2𝑥) = 3
𝑥 ≠ −1, 𝑥 = 2
3
Q 2
log 4 (𝑥 + 2)2 + 3 = log 4 (4 − 𝑥)3 + log 4 (6 + 𝑥)3 𝑥 ≠ −8,1 + √33, 𝑥 = 2,1 − √33
3𝑥 2 −10𝑥+3 1
Q |𝑥 − 3| =1 𝑥 ≠ 3, 𝑥 = 3 , 4, 2
Q 2 log 3 (𝑥 − 2) + log 3(𝑥 − 4)2 = 0 𝑥 ≠ 3 − √2, 𝑥 = 3 + √2, 3
log3 𝑥 2 −2 log𝑥 9 1
Q |𝑥 − 1| = (𝑥 − 1) 7
𝑥 ≠ 0,
√3
, 𝑥 = 81, 2
3 2 5
Q 𝑥4(log2 𝑥) +log2 𝑥−4 = √2
1
1
(𝐻: 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 log 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘𝑒𝑒𝑝 log 2 𝑥 = 𝛼) 𝑥 = 2, , 2− 3
4
Q 𝐹𝐼𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑖𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠
9 −100
1. (8) (5) 2. 3−50 (23)
1 1
𝑒𝑔; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = = 0.25, log = −2 log 2 = −0.602 = 1 − 0.602 + 1 = 0.398(𝑀) − 1(𝐶) = 1̅. 398
4 4
𝑠𝑜 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 = −𝑏 − 1 = 1 − 1 = 0
9 −100 𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝑛= ( ) 𝑠𝑜 log 𝑛 = −5↙ . 12 = 6 − 5.12 − 6 = 0.88 − 6, 𝑠𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑒𝑠 = 6 − 1 = 5
8
Different base
Note
log 3 1 = 0 log 3 3 = 1 log 3 9 = 2
log 3 4 (> 1) = 1 + ⋯ log 3 10 = 2 + ⋯ ..
log 3 5 (> 1) = 1 + ⋯ log 3 11 = 2 + ⋯ ..
log 3 6 (> 1) = 1 + ⋯ log 3 12 = 2 + ⋯ ..
log 3 7 (> 1) = 1 + ⋯ log 3 21 = 2 + ⋯ ..
log 3 8 (> 1) = 1 + ⋯ log 3 26 = 2 + ⋯ ..
𝑎𝑙𝑙 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 1 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝟐
Q 𝑙𝑒𝑡 log 3 𝑁 = 𝐴1 + 𝐵1 ; log 5 𝑁 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵2 ; log 7 𝑁 = 𝐴3 + 𝐵3 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 ,
𝐴3 (𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑠) 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵1 , 𝐵2 , 𝐵3 ∈ [0,1)(𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑎)
1. 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴1 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴2 = 2
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛: 𝐴1 = 4, log 3 81 = 4 … … 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 243 = 5 𝑠𝑜 𝑁 ∈ {81,82, … … … … … … … . .242}