124 2017 P Amitav Khuntia
124 2017 P Amitav Khuntia
Opinions expressed in the study are solely of the author and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the Institute.
Printed and Published by V.V. Giri National Labour Institute, Sector – 24,
Noida – 201301, U.P.
Printed at: Chandu Press, D-97, Shakarpur, Delhi -110092
Contents
Preface v
Acknowledgment vii
Skill Development of Youth in North East India: viii
Way Forward - Abstract
1 Introduction 1-2
1.1 Outlining the Scope and Methodological Aspects
2 Skilling and Up Skilling of Youth in North East: Issues and 3- 17
Prospects
2.1 Hills and Plains 3
2.2 Farm and Non-Farm Sector 3
2.2.1 Traditional and Indigenous Occupations- Leveraging 5
Skills
2.3 From Literacy / Education Level, Formal Training and 6
Job Preference Perspectives
2.3.1 Skill Training Avenues and Options for Youth in North 7
East India
2.3.2 Formal Skill Training Infrastructure (Craftsman Training 7
Through ITIs) in North Eastern States
2.3.3 Skill training in some emerging service /industry sectors 9
provided by some state government institutions in NER
2.3.4 Alternative Skill Training & Certification through 11
National Flagship Programmes in the light of Insufficient
Formal Skill Training Institutes, Low Education Level,
Lack of Resources and Unemployed Youths
2.3.4.1 Skill Development Initiatives on Modular Employable 11
Skills (SDI on MES)
2.3.4.2 Pradan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) 13
2.3.4.3 Deen Dayal Upadhyay Grameen Kaushalya Yojana 14
(DDU-GKY)
2.3.5 Self Employment & Entrepreneurship Potential in North 15
East
iii
i
2.3.5.1 Skill Training for promoting Self Employment through 15
RSETI
2.3.5.2 Pradhan Mantri Mudra (Micro Units Development & 16
Refinance Agency) Yojana
2.3.5.3 Cluster Development Programmes 16
2.3.5.4 Startup India and Standup India 17
3 Case of Harnessing Talents, Human Capital and Economic 18
Potential of Women
4 Concluding Remarks and Suggestions 19
5 Notes and References 20
Annexure-1 23
Annexure-2 24
Annexure-3 25
Photo 29
Preface
Providing gainful and sustainable employment to the youth continues
to remain as an important priority, particularly in developing economies
which are witnessing major demographic transitions. Policies related
to skill development as well as lifelong learning are construed as vital
instruments to improve the employability and employment outcomes of
the youth.
PREFACE
The eight North Eastern States of India: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh,
Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura & Sikkim
having significant Indiayouthis at a population face the
very important juncture of thechallenge of youth
development process. With
unemployment. growth expected to scale up exponentially, the country is emerging
as one of the
This study was undertaken for strongest economies
the National of the on
Seminar world. An imperative
“Youth and Skillis
to make the distribution of the benefits
Development in North East India” jointly organized by V.V. Giri Nationalof this growth equitable, to
make certain that the fruits of development
Labour Institute and Indian Council for Social Science Research, North percolate to all sections
of society. One of the most vital needs in this respect is to ensure
Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong. The objectives of the study were to
quality employment for all and address labour issues because this
discuss the issues and prospects of skilling and up skilling of youth in
aspect is directly linked to the livelihood of the masses.
North East and to suggest roadmap for skill development of youth in
North East. Questions confronting the country in relation to labour are
many and varied, ranging from concerns about employment and
The study argues in favour of a holistic approach for skill development
underemployment to social security for workers to elimination
of youth in north east taking in to consideration the intra-region difference
of child labour. Considering the range and magnitude of India’s
on account of topography, farm & non-farm sector, literacy & education
labour issues it is important to involve different stakeholders in
level, skill training infrastructure, job preference of youth, traditional
the process of finding solutions. This constructive engagement of
and modern occupations, self-employment and regular wage/salaried
stakeholders is possible if information and ideas related to labour
employment potential etc. The study also suggests that state governments
are made accessible.
in the region need to expedite the skill development activities in tandem
It is with this
with the national initiatives perspectiveinvolving
proactively that the V.V.
social Giripartners
National in Labour
the
Instituteemployable
region towards providing has brought out this handbook,
skills whichItseeks
to the youth. alsotohighlights
consolidate
some good practices basicininformation
other economicrelating to development
key dimensions ofmodel the labour scenario
focusing
women workers which in India. The idea
could be isstudied
to provide relevanttoinformation
further adopt inin casea simple,
of
comprehensible
implementation of skill development way that makes it accessible to the broad spectrum
programmes.
of society. The handbook is being translated into different Indian
I would like to congratulate
languages.Priyadarsan Amitav Khuntia, Associate Fellow
for bringing out the study as one of the NLI Research Studies Series. The
study will be usefulOur for hope is that the Handbook
the stakeholders of Labour
like policy becomegovernment
makers, an important
reference
officials, practitioners, tradetool in the process
unions, NGOsof evolving
and policies and
researchers actions relating
working in the
to labour in India, and thus contributes
development sector especially relating to skill and youth employability. to the country’s equitable
growth.
Manish Kumar
Manish Kumar Gupta
Gupta
Director General
Director General
v V.V. Giri National Labour Institute
Acknowledgment
At the outset, I would like to thank Shri P.P. Mitra, former DG of
VVGNLI for his support to undertake the study. I also thank Dr. Otojit
Kshetrimayum, Associate Fellow and Coordinator, Centre for North East,
VVGNLI and Dr. C.J Thomas, Director, ICSSR, NERC Shillong for jointly
conducting the National Seminar on “Youth and Skill Development in
North East India” where I presented my work and received valuable
comments. Thanks are due to the participants of the national seminar
and also participants, resource persons of various training programmes,
workshops of VVGNLI for north-eastern states whose valuable comments
and suggestions have enriched the study.
vii
Skill Development of Youth in North East
India: Way Forward
Abstract
The North Eastern Region consisting of the eight states of Assam, Arunachal
Pradesh,, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura & Sikkim has its
share of 4% of the youth population of the country which is about 20, 22527 in
absolute number in the age group 15-35 years, as of 2009-10 and also a relatively
higher proportion of youth unemployment in the same age group compared to
all India level, indicating that the challenge is paramount. Some previous stud-
ies have also emphasized that skill development in North East India is imminent,
harnessing demographic dividend by providing employable skills to the youth for
enhancing employability is a major task ahead in the development paradigm of
NER.
This study argues that state governments in the region need to expedite the skill
development activities in tandem with the national initiatives proactively involv-
ing social partners in the region towards providing employable skills to the youth.
In this regard the study attempts to identify the issues and suggests measures to
address the issues in a broader perspective. The study emphasizes the need for
focusing women workers skill development and employability issues and high-
lights some good practices in other economic development model which could be
studied further to adopt .
viii
1
Introduction
Youth Employability remains the concerned area in the International,
National and Regional development discourse and planning; especially in
the post crisis period. From global perspective the young people continue
to be particularly affected by the weak and uneven recovery after the
recession which is reflected in the Global Employment Trend 2014 of
International Labour Organisation (ILO) that the youth unemployment rate
touched 13.1% which is about three times as high as adult unemployment
rate. It estimates that 74.5 million young people of 15-24 age group were
unemployed that is almost 1 million more than the previous year. The
global youth unemployment was also projected to reach 13.1% in 2016
(from 12.9% in 2015) in the World Employment Social Outlook Trends for
Youth 2016 report of ILO.
(about 12%) in the same age group compared to all India level (5.22%),
the challenge is paramount. Youth job seekers in the age group of 15-29 is
about 21.03 lakh in North Eastern States. Arunachal Pradesh (0.44), Assam
(11.44), Manipur (4.02), Meghalaya (0.27), Mizoram (0.41), Nagaland (0.53),
Sikkim (-), Tripura (3.91)1. Some previous studies (see reference) have
also emphasized that skill development in North East India is imminent;
harnessing demographic dividend by providing employable skills to the
youth for enhancing employability is a major task in the development
paradigm of NER.
The study concentrates mostly the skill issues of youth from skilled/
semiskilled and low skilled perspectives. The skill and employability
prospects of the youth with low education and having education of high
school and higher secondary level occupy prominence in the discussion
space. This study is based on existing literature and data from secondary
sources namely; North East Vision 2020, Ministry of Labour & Employment,
Government of India, Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship,
National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) various rounds, various
reports of State Governments of North East States etc. Interactions and
feedbacks from stakeholders like trade unions, NGOs, Government and
skill imparting institutions associated with various training and academic
activities of V.V. Giri National Labour Institute, personal experience
during visit to North East have enriched the understanding of the author.
The current work draws insights and inspiration from the previous paper
of the author (see the reference) and also elaborates some aspects which
were mentioned in the previous work.
2
Skilling and Up Skilling of Youth in North East:
Issues and Prospects
The North East Region face the development bottlenecks due to the factors
like insurgency & ethnic violence, infrastructure deficiency, lack of public
private enterprise, geographical isolation along with the paucity of trained
manpower, industrial activity, institutional finance. Efforts are underway
to overcome all these deterrent factors of development of the region
through various policies and programmes2.
From topographic point of view the region has mixed presence of hills
and plains. While Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland
and Sikkim are almost entirely hilly, about four fifths of Assam is plain.
Manipur and Tripura have both plain areas and hilly tracts. The hills
account for about 70 percent area and accommodate about 30 percent of
population of the region and the plain constituting the remaining 30 percent
of areas hold about 70 percent of its population. (NHDR 2002). Livelihood
options, enterprises and corresponding skill requirement of the youths
need to be targeted holistically taking in to consideration the geographical
and environmental condition of both the hills and plains of NER. Special
provisions for finance, training delivery mechanism, reaching out target
groups in the hill region are to be taken care of.
The sect oral advantages and disadvantages are visible with Assam having
industrial growth whereas rest of the states lag behind. But agriculture
remains the source of livelihood for more than 70% of region’s population.
Small landholding in the plain areas and high water run-off in high
4 Skill Development of Youth in North East India: Way Forward
altitudes stands in the way of farm sector wellbeing. The desired dividend
from farm sector in terms of land and labour productivity are not being
achieved as small holdings impede mechanization of agriculture and water
run-off restricts the possibilities of multiple cropping. Irrigation facilities
and water retention practices need to be developed for multi cropping
and enhancing land productivity. Focused attention is warranted in
micro and macro policy level to promote agricultural products of different
states having comparative advantage and linking with skill training for
better livelihood opportunities vis-à-vis provision for water retention
programmes ,commercial farming of horticulture, provision multiple
cropping with use of short duration crops, trade, marketability within
and outside the region. The crops and horticultural products in which
different states have a comparative advantage due to specialization patters
that are best suited to different states have been identified and discussed
in the NER Vision 2020 are indicated in the annexure 1 &2. It refers to the
different models used by economists to determine comparative advantages
of different states in crop cultivation. Arunachal in (small millets, maize,
ginger, pineapple), Assam in (tea, rapeseed and mustard, sugarcane),
Meghalaya in (ginger, potatoes, sesamum, pineapple) Mizoram in (Ginger,
maize, and sesamum), Nagaland in (small millet, maize), Sikkim in Ginger,
Tripura in (Natural rubber, coconut, bananas, pineapple) have certain
production advantages. Similarly in case of horticulture and floriculture
medicinal and aromatic plants in Mizoram, in Nagaland (Ginseng,
Citronella oil- sericulture- silk worm such as Eri, Mulberry, Oak Tasar and
Muga), in Manipur (floriculture- gladiolus, lilies, chrysanthemum, roses,
anthrurium) have the potentiality due to favorable climatic condition and
also commercial viability.
In case of craft, artisans are broadly divided into categories like skilled
master craftsman, wage-worker, fully self-employed artisans, and part-
time artisan, with a rigid hierarchical division of labour between more
and less skilled artisans in a particular craft. The Dasra report5 findsthat
6 Skill Development of Youth in North East India: Way Forward
Apart from this other leading sectors which are set to generate employment
opportunities are Rubber Farming, Bamboo & Tourism provided youths
are equipped with relevant skills to be thebeneficiary.6
2.3 From Literacy / Education Level, Formal Training and Job Preference
Perspectives
Most of the north east states have high literacy rate above national average
of 74.04% except Arunachal Pradesh with 66.95% and Assam 73.18%.
Mizoram stands at 91.58% as third highest literate state of India after
Kerala and Lakshadweep. But the Census 2011 also reveals that states
like Mizoram and Meghalaya show decline in total workers indicating
possibilities that more are joining the labour force than jobs are created and
the literacy rate has not translated in to employability and productivity.
The conceptual and definitional understanding of literate is a person aged
seven and above who can both read and write with understanding in any
language, is treated as literate, but someone who can only read but cannot
write is not literate. Literacy, education level, job preference of youth in
different regions are some of the factors which are to be considered while
planning and implementing skill development programmes. For example,
Prof. Lianzela of Mizoram University in his published work has highlighted
that Mizo youth have strong preference for white collar/government job,
being a close-knit society they have a strong preference to work within
Mizoram, generally they avoid jobs that call for leaving Mizoram, Science
Skilling and Up Skilling of Youth in North East: Issues and Prospects 7
2.3.1 Skill Training Avenues and Options for Youth in North East India
Table 1
Total Number of ITIs / ITCs (Private ITIs) with seating capacity in all the
North Eastern States as on 08.09.2014.
Sl.No. Name of the Number Seating Number Seating Total ITIs Total
State of Govt. Capacity of pvt. Capacity Seating
ITIs (Govt.) ITIs (Pvt.) Capacity
1 Arunachal 5 512 1 96 6 608
Pradesh
2 Assam 30 5776 4 288 34 6,064
3 Manipur 7 540 0 0 7 540
4 Meghalaya 5 622 2 320 7 942
5 Mizoram 1 294 0 0 1 294
6 Nagaland 8 944 0 0 8 944
7 Sikkim 4 580 0 0 4 580
8 Tripura 12 1 96 13 1,888
9 Sub-Total 72 4,276 8 1,434 74 11,860
Source: Director General Employment and Training (DGE &T)9
Though Assam has highest number of ITIs and seating capacity among
North Eastern States, states like Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Meghalaya
lag behind, indicating that each district in these states doesn’t have ITI.A
new component for “establishment of 14 new ITIs” in seven North Eastern
States was approved on 16.08.2013. Ministry of Skill Development and
Entrepreneurship in 2015 has released fund for establishing 22 ITIs in
Arunachal Pradesh (4), Nagaland (2), Sikkim(1), Manipur(2), Mizoram (3),
Meghalaya(2), Assam(5), Tripura(3).10
Table 2
Women Industrial Training Institutes and Women Wings in general ITIs
in North Eastern States as on October 2013
Sl. States Government Women Private Women Total Total
No. WITIs Wings WITIs Wings Seats
1 Arunachal 1 Nil Nil Nil Nil 80
Pradesh
2 Assam 5 5 1 1 12 1104
3 Manipur 1 Nil Nil Nil 1 80
4 Meghalaya 1 Nil Nil Nil 1 60
5 Mizoram Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 0
6 Nagaland 1 7 Nil Nil 8 424
7 Sikkim Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 0
8 Tripura 1 Nil Nil Nil 1 320
Source: Director General Employment and Training (DGE&T)11
Formal skill training avenues for women in north east is low too. Though
some states like Assam, Nagaland and Tripura have 1104, 424 and
Skilling and Up Skilling of Youth in North East: Issues and Prospects 9
320 seats respectively, Mizoram and Sikkim stand nil both in terms of
Women ITIs and Women Wings in general ITIs. There was one Regional
Vocational Training Institute (RVTI) for Women in Tura, Meghalaya
under DGE&T now Director General Training (DGT) under Ministry
of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship. Another RVTI in Agartala,
Tripura has started functioning12.
At the same time north east has also the advantage of its proportion youth
who are matriculate and above having English speaking ability. They can
be given proper career direction with appropriate skill training including
soft skills to tap the employment opportunities in the light of emerging
sectors in the north east and also opportunities outside.
Apart from the above discussed oragnisatons there are also some more
organizations including North East Development Foundation, North
East Council, North East Livelihood promotion Society, Indian Institute
of Entrepreneurship, North Eastern Development Financial Corporation
are engaged in livelihood and skill training activities. States should
encourage such more institutions to come up either fully funded by them,
Skilling and Up Skilling of Youth in North East: Issues and Prospects 11
Youth job seekers in the age group of 15-29 is about 21.03 lakh in North
Eastern States18. Arunachal Pradesh (0.44), Assam (11.44), Manipur (4.02),
Meghalaya (0.27), Mizoram (0.41), Nagaland (0.53), Sikkim (-), Tripura (3.91).
Given the challenges of infrastructure deficit, technological transformation, it
is important to equip the youth of North Eastern States with the relevant skills
through alternative mode of training to make them employable. Those who
are unable to avail the training due to lack of resource (minimum financial
requirement for fee, materials and other expenditures), time (somebody who
can’t afford to give 9 A.M to 5 P.M. in ITI colleges as she/he has to work for
sustaining or supplementing the family income), avenues (lack of seats in
the ITI colleges and other institutes) the role of alternative skill training is
immense. Several skill development schemes are running under the aegis of
Government of India Ministries (See Annexure-3). The flagship programmes
like Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikash Yojana, Skill Development Initiative
on Modular Employable Skills (MES) of the Ministry of Skill Development
and Entrepreneurship, Deen Dayal Upadhay Gramin Kaushalya Yojana of
Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India have generated a lot
of enthusiasm and hope among the job seekers in the country. Similarly for
promoting self-employment and entrepreneurship through skill training,
scheme like Rural Self Employment Training Institutes (RSETI) of Ministry
of Rural Development is also in operation all over India.
Since the short term training courses are demand driven, registered VTPs
should undertake skill training through modules which are suitable for North
Eastern Region and having preferably local and regional demand. Some
sectors may be identified as potential in the region and the corresponding
modules within the sectors are namely; Garment Making Sector has
more than sixty modules ( hand embroider, machine embroider operator,
garment packer, garment ironer, Tailor, ornamentalist etc.), Wood Work
Sector has two modules (Basic Woodwork and Wooden Furniture), Travel
& Tourism has ten modules( Tour salesman, Tour Office Assistant, Tour
Programme Coordinator, Tour Agent, Travel & Tour Operator etc), Bamboo
Fabrication has two modules (Bamboo Processing and Mat Weaving). Other
major sectors having modules relevant for North East Region are Textile,
Skilling and Up Skilling of Youth in North East: Issues and Prospects 13
The registration of credible vocational training providers lies with the state
governments which will go a long way in fulfilling the skill needs with
quality training and certification. The process of VTP registration should
be expedited to increase the number of VTPs for the training of relevant
modules in accordance with the guidelines. States should also consult and
bring to the notice of the concerned ministry in case of any problem arise
out of the implementation of the scheme in their respective states. Credible
and committed institutions, NGOs, Employers and workers’ organizations
should be involved in this mission.
The Recognition of Prior Learning is a great hope for those who have leant
skill through experience or informal means. Individuals with prior learning
experience or skills shall be assessed and certified under the RPL component
of the Scheme. RPL aims to align the competencies of the unregulated
workforce of the country to the NSQF. Project Implementing Agencies (PIA),
such as Sector Skill Councils (SSCs) or or any other agencies designated by
MSDE/NSDC, shall be incentivized to implement RPL projects in any of
the three Project Types (RPL Camps, RPL at Employer’s Premises and RPL
center). To address knowledge gaps, PIA may offer Bridge Courses to RPL
candidates.
have been trained and over 1.34 lakh candidates have been placed in jobs
so in the course of the last financial year. (www.ddugky.gov.in/content/
about-us-0). DDU-GKY funds a variety of skill training programs covering
over 250 trades across a range of sectors such as Retail, Hospitality, Health,
Construction, Automotive, Leather, Electrical, Plumbing, Gems and Jewelry
etc. As far as the programmatic funding is concerned for North-East States
90% by Central Government and 10% by State Government while for other
states 75% by Central Government , 25% by State Government.
Agricultural EDPs. Bamboo and Cane Craft, Embroidery & Fabric Painting,
Hand Embroidery, Handicrafts Manufacturing programmes operate under
Product EDPs. Cell phone Servicing, Saree Rolling and Polishing, Tie and
Dying, Aari Embroidery Work are some programmes under Process EDPs.
Apart from organizing Entrepreneurship Development Programmes for
First Generation Entrepreneurs, RSETIs also organise Skill Up gradation
Programme & Growth Programmes for the established entrepreneurs22.
MSME Intervention
Notes
1 Press Information Bureau (2015), ITIs in North Eastern States Government of India,
Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 12 March, 2015.
2 Look East Policy 1991-92, The Centrally Sponsored Scheme “Establishment of
Industrial Training Institutes (IT Is) in North Eastern States and Sikkim” 2000-2001,
North Eastern Industrial Policy 2007, Setting up the Department of Development
of North Eastern Region 2001 and upgrading it to the Ministry of Development
of North Eastern Region (DONER) in 2004, Various development programmes
through North Eastern Council, DONER and many other organizations. Also
declared as Special Category States, this entitles 90 percent of Central Assistance as
grant and 10 percent as loan.
3 Too many people subsist on agriculture. Seemingly they are employed. But their
employment is not wholly productive. It is not wholly productive in the sense that
production does not suffer even if some of the so-called employed are withdrawn
4 Dasra Report : Crafting a Livelihood/January 2013
5 ibid
6 See details in Khuntia, P A (2013), “Employment Generation and Enhancing Employability
in North East through Skill Development: Emmerging Issues and Prospects”, Labour&
Development (vol.20, No.2, December 2013), V.V.Giri National Labour Institute,
Sector-24, Noida
7 NSS 66th Round(2009-10): Report on Status of Education and Vocational Training
in India, referred in “Skill Challenges of Informal Sector in India” by Ms. Sunita
Sanghi and Mr. Kuntal Sensarma (in Confederation of Indian Industry, CII,
Economy Matters, March 2014)
8 Visit http://www.dget.nic.in/content/institute/key-statistics.php for details
9 Visit http://www.dget.nic.in/content/institute/key-statistics.php for details
10 ITIs in North Eastern States Press Information Bureau, Government of India,
Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 12 March, 2015.
11 Institutional Network under State Sector, State wise distribution of Women ITIs
& Wings in general ITIs (Government as well as Private- Data as on October 2013)
(ttp://www.dget.nic.in/content/institute/inuss.php)
12 Women Training, Director General Employment & Training (http://www.dget.
nic.in/content/institute/regional-vocational-training-institutes-rvtis.php)
13 For example for one year Integrated Dual Diploma in (1) Hospitality & Tourism
Management (DHTM),(2) Cabin Crew Management & Airport Operations , the
Course duration is 12 months which is being provided through JETTWINGS ,
Guwahati. For the Course Beauty, Hair, Make-up, Nail Art , the course duration is
six month being provided by Surya Vinayak Wellness Ltd., Noida ( for details go
through the brochure Skills for Jobs of Manipur Skill Development Society or visit
the website www.manipurskilldevelopment.com)
14 Retail management, Food and beverage Services, Hospitality & Tourism,
Agriculture & Horticulture, Automobile Repairing, Animal Husbandry & vetenary,
Construction Trade & Techniques etc. (For details visit the website http://www.
sicbsikkim.com/pdf/lhs.pdf)
Notes and References 21
References
Dasra (2013), “Crafting a Livelihood- Building Sustainability for Indian Artisans”
(January2013), Dasra(https://www.dasra.org/cause/creating-livelihoods-
for-artisans).
Dhar Aarti (2013), A threadbare existence, The Hindu (February 6, 2013)
Government of Mizoram (2012), Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation
Department, Gender Action Plan, State Investment Programme Management &
Implementation Unit (SIPMIU) (July 2012),Aizawl: Urban Development and
Poverty Alleviation Department.
ILO (2014), Global Employment Trends, International Labour Organisation.
ILO (2016), World Employment Social Outlook Trends for Youth 2016, International
Labour Organisation.
22 Skill Development of Youth in North East India: Way Forward
Annexure-1
Highest Comparative Advantage for Products of NERs: Regional
Specialisation Index
State Products
Arunachal Pradesh Small millet, maize, ginger, pineapple
Assam Tea, rapeseed and mustard, sugarcane
Manipur Chilies, rice, ginger, pineapple
Meghalaya Ginger, potatoes, sesamum, pineapple
Mizoram Ginger, maize and sesamum
Nagaland Small millet, maize
Sikkim Ginger
Tripura Natural rubber, coconut, bananas, pineapple
24 Skill Development of Youth in North East India: Way Forward
Annexure – 2
Highest Comparative Advantage for Horticulture Products of NER States
Annexure – 3
Skill Development Schemes of GOI Ministries
Particulars of the Scheme Scheme Parameters Further Information
S. Name of Name of Scheme Duration of the Area that Any specific socio- Web Link
No. Ministry Training Program Scheme economic group the
(hours/days/ caters to scheme caters to
months)
1 M/o Extension Reform-Farm Once during each of Pan India Farmers http://agricoop.nic.in/
Agriculture School the 6 critical stages guidelines.html
(Department in a cropping season
of
Agriculture &
Cooperation) Agri clinic and Agri 2 Months Pan India Graduates in agriculture http://agricoop.nic.in/
Business Centres Scheme and allied subjects imagedefault/extension/
from SAUs/ Central ACABC.pdf
Agricultural Universities/
Universities recognized
by ICAR/ UGC and the
beneficiary farmers
Diploma in Agricultural 48 days spread as Pan India Input dealers and http://agricoop.nic.in/
Extension Services for 1 year prospective dealers guidelines.html
Input Dealers (DAESI)
Post Graduate Diploma 1 Year Pan India Graduates in Agriculture http://agricoop.nic.in/
in Agricultural Extension guidelines.html
Management (PGDAEM)
National Food Security Full crop season Pan India Farmers http://nfsm.gov.in/
Mission (NFSM) for single day in a Guidelines.aspx
week or fortnight
8-20 seasons
2 M/o Department of Poultry and 2 weeks to 4 weeks Pan India Farmers http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/
Agriculture Fodder default.aspx
(Department
of Animal Department of 4 to 5 Days, For Pan India Farmers
Husbandary, Cooperatives and Dairy Maitris 3 Months
Dairying and Development
Fisheries) Department of Livestock 2 to 5 Days Pan India Vets and Paravets
Health
Department of Fisheries Pan India Fishermen and people
engaged in the post
production avtivities
3 M/o Training in Agricultural one day to three Pan India Personal engaged in dare.nic.in
Agriculture Extension (21 training weeks Agricultural Institutions
(DARE) centers) and support services,
members of cooperatives,
and Farmers under KVK,
550/589 districts are
covered
4 M/o Chemi- Support to Central 6 months Short Pan India (23 Applicable for all. http://cipet.gov.in/
cals and Institutes of Plastics Term Programmes centres)
Fertilizers Engineering and given to industry
(Department Technology (CIPET) workers and
of Chemicals existing employees
and Petro- and targetted
chemicals groups. Long term
programmes (1.5
to 3 years) include
diploma and post
diploma courses
and B Tech.
5 M/o Placement Linked Skill Short duration (4-6 FDDI is Fresh, Unemployed http://dipp.nic.in/English/
Commerce development Programme: weeks) implementing youth and existing Schemes/Dept_Leather.aspx
and Industry This is a sub-scheme of the PLSDP workers in organized
(Department the Ministry’s Integrated Scheme all and unorganizede leather
of Industrial Leather Development over India by sector. Preference is given
Policy & Programme. establishment to economically weaker/
Promotion) of Training BPL section of the society,
centers & people from lower strata
sub-centers at like SC, ST, OBC etc &
Kanpur, Agra, female candidates.
Raebareli,
kolkata,
Ranipet ,
Bahadurgarh,
Amethi
& various
locations at
the factory
premises,
where
unemployed
persons
from the
economically
weaker section
of the society
are being
selected,
trained and
provided
assistance
to get
employment
in the footwear
industry
at the shop
floor level
operations.
6 M/o Commu- NIELIT’s capacity 80 hours (avg) Pan India N.A. http://deity.gov.in/
nications & enhancement plan on skill
Information development (erstwhile
Technology DOEACC)
(Department
of Electronics CDAC’s capacity 457 hours (avg) Pan India N.A.
& Information enhancement plan on skill
Technology) development to enhance
existing training capacity
Scheme for financial 3 - 6 months Specific States N.A.
assistance to select
six States/Uts for
Skil Development in
Electronics System Design
and Manufacturing sector
Setting up of Electronics
and ICT Academies in
various states in existing
IITs / IIITs/ NITs
(proposed in June 2013)
Skill Development Schemes of GOI Ministries 27
National Institute of 6 months to 2 years Pan India School leavers with http://mhrd.gov.in/nios
Open Schooling - Distance 5th, 7th,8th and
Vocational Education 10th pass
Programmes [Practical
training through
Accredited Vocational
Institutes (AVIs)]
Interacting with elderly stone crushing workers in Meghalaya (March 2015). At the age
of about 70 they are earning just Rs 70-90 per day. Had they been given any kind of skill
training in their youth or even latter, they would have been at better place.
Construction workers engaged in manual and low skilled work on the Guwahati-
Shillong High Way in need of skill training.
V.V. Giri National Labour Institute
NLI Research Studies Series
No.
088/2010 The Employment and Condition of Domestic Help in India: Issues and
Concerns – Shashi Bala
089/2010 Social Security for Unorganised Sector Workers in India: A Critical
Appraisal – Babu P. Remesh and Anoop K. Satpathy
090/2010 Linkages between HIV/AIDS and Child Labour: Developing an
Integrated Approach towards Effective Policy Formulation
– Helen R. Sekar
091/2010 Health Insecurities of Workers in Informal Employment: A Study of
Existing and Possible Interventions – Ruma Ghosh
092/2010 Insecurities and Vulnerabilities of Informal Sector Workers: A Study of
Street Vendors of Delhi – Ruma Ghosh
093/2011 Labour, Employment and Social Security Issues of Security Guards of
Okhla and NOIDA – Sanjay Upadhyaya
094/2012 Migration from North-East to Urban Centres: A Study of Delhi Region -
Babu P. Remesh
095/2012 Valuing Life in a Regulated Labour Market: A Study on Tea Plantations
in Assam, India - Kalyan Das
096/2012 Employment Situation in North Eastern Region of India: Recent Trends
and Emerging Challenges – Partha Pratim Sahu
097/2012 Growth, Composition and Determinants of Rural Non-Farm
Employment in North East India –Bhagirathi Panda
098/2012 Labour Market Participation of Working Women Post Maternity: A
Case of Private Sector - Shashi Bala
099/2012 Implementation of Maternity Benefit Act - Shashi Bala
100/2012 Minimum Wage Policy and Regulatory Framework: An Inter Country
Perspective - Sanjay Upadhyaya
101/2012 Engendering Gender Statistics: An Analysis of Gender Differentiated
Statistics in India - Ellina Samantroy & Dhanya M.B
102/2013 MGNREGS in Tripura: A Study on Efficiency & Equity - Indraneel Bhowmik
103/2013 Migrant and Trafficked Children in Hazardous Employment: The Case
of Nagaland - T. Chubayanger
104/2013 Social Security for International Labour Migrants: Issues and Policy
Options – Rakkee Thimothy
105/2013 Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and Informal Economy in
India: Trends, Initiatives and Challenges - Dhanya M.B.
106/2013 The Anti-Khoti Movement in the Konkan, C. 1920-1949 - Santosh
Pandhari Suradkar
107/2013 Expansion of Natural Rubber Cultivation in Tripura Impact on
Landholding, Employment and, Income - S. Mohanakumar
108/2013 Work Participation and Time-Use Pattern of Women in Rural
Arunachal Pradesh - Vandana Upadhyay
109/2013 ILO Convention 181: Issues and Challenges in the Context of Private
Placement Agencies in India – Ellina Samantroy
36 Skill Development of Youth in North East India: Way Forward