What’s the Internet?

1.What is the Internet?

a. A computer program
b. A global network of interconnected computers
c. An operating system
d. A software application
Answer: b. A global network of interconnected computers
2.Who is credited with inventing the World Wide Web (WWW), a major component
of the Internet?
a. Bill Gates
b. Tim Berners-Lee
c. Steve Jobs
d. Larry Page
Answer: b. Tim Berners-Lee
3.What technology allows devices to connect to the Internet wirelessly?
a. Ethernet
b. DSL
c. Wi-Fi
d. Fiber optics
Answer: c. Wi-Fi(wireless fidelity)
4.What protocol is primarily used for transferring web pages from servers to web
browsers?
a. HTTP
b. TCP
c. IP
d. FTP
Answer: a. HTTP
5.Which organization oversees the allocation of IP addresses and domain names
on the Internet?
a. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
b. IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
c. ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
d. ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
Answer: c. ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
6.What is the term for a unique identifier assigned to each device connected to a
network?
a. MAC address
b. URL
c. IP address
d. Domain name
Answer: c. IP address
One-Word Question:

 What is the Internet?

Answer: Network

 What connects computers, devices, and networks worldwide?

Answer: Connectivity
Two-Word Question:

 Describe the Internet in two words.

Answer: Global Network

 What is the Internet's primary function?

Answer: Information Exchange

What’s a protocol?
1.What is a protocol in computer networking?
a. A type of software
b. A set of rules governing communication between devices.
c. A physical device
d. A programming language
Answer: b. A set of rules governing communication between devices
2.Which of the following is NOT a common networking protocol?
a. TCP/IP
b. HTTP
c. USB
d. SMTP
Answer: c. USB
3.What does TCP stand for in networking?
a. Transfer Control Protocol
b. Transmission Communication Protocol
c. Transmission Control Protocol
d. Transfer Communication Protocol
Answer: c. Transmission Control Protocol
4.Which protocol is commonly used for sending and receiving emails?
a. FTP
b. SMTP
c. HTTP
d. POP3
Answer: b. SMTP
5.What is the purpose of the DNS protocol?
a. To convert IP addresses to domain names.
b. To convert domain names to IP addresses.
c. To transfer files between servers and clients.
d. To establish secure connections between devices.
Answer: b. To convert domain names to IP addresses
6.Which protocol is commonly used for accessing websites?
a. FTP
b. TCP
c. HTTP
d. UDP
Answer: c. HTTP
One-Word Questions:

 What is a protocol?

Answer: Rules

 What guides communication between networked devices?

Answer: Standards

 Define "protocol."

Answer: Procedure

 What ensures orderly data transfer across networks?

Answer: Regulation

 What do protocols establish in networking?

Answer: Guidelines

Two-Word Questions:
 What is a protocol's primary function?

Answer: Data Exchange

 Define "network protocol."

Answer: Communication Rules

 What regulates data transmission?

Answer: Traffic Management

 What is the role of protocols in networking?

Answer: Communication Control

Network edge; hosts, access net, physical media

1.What is the network edge in computer networking?
a. The center of the network
b. The boundary between the local network and external networks
c. The physical layer of the network
d. The core routers of the network
Answer: b. The boundary between the local network and external networks
2.Which of the following is an example of a host on a network?
a. Router
b. Switch
c. Computer
d. Server
Answer: c. Computer

3.What does the access network refer to in networking?

a. The network core
b. The physical media used for communication
c. The connection between end systems and the network core
d. The network protocols used for data transfer
Answer: c. The connection between end systems and the network core
4.Which of the following is NOT a type of physical media commonly used in
networking?
a. Fiber optics
b. Copper wire
c. Radio waves
d. Software
Answer: d. Software
5.What is the primary function of physical media in networking?
a. Routing data packets
b. Transmitting signals between devices
c. Encrypting data
d. Managing network traffic
Answer: b. Transmitting signals between devices
6.Which component of the network edge typically provides internet access to end
devices?
a. Switch
b. Router
c. Modem
d. Server
Answer: c. Modem
7.What term describes the devices connected directly to the Internet Service
Provider (ISP)?
a. End devices
b. Access points
c. Routers
d. Core switches
Answer: a. End devices
8.Which of the following is an example of physical media used in wired
networking?
a. Wi-Fi
b. Ethernet cable
c. Bluetooth
d. Infrared
Answer: b. Ethernet cable
9.What is the network edge responsible for in computer networking?
a. Packet switching
b. Managing network traffic
c. Interconnecting networks
d. Providing access to end devices
Answer: d. Providing access to end devices
10.Which component of the network edge is responsible for translating digital
data into analog signals for transmission over telephone lines?
a. Modem
b. Router
c. Switch
d. Access point
Answer: a. Modem
One-Word Questions:

 What is the boundary between the local network and external networks called?

Answer: Edge

 What is the function of devices directly connected to the Internet Service Provider
(ISP)?
Answer: Access

 What is the primary role of physical media in networking?

Answer: Transmission

 What do devices connected to the network edge provide to end systems?

Answer: Connectivity

 What is the term for devices connected directly to the Internet?

Answer: Hosts
Two-Word Questions:

 Define "access network."

Answer: Connection Point

 What connects end devices to the network core?

Answer: Access Network

 What is responsible for providing internet access to end devices?

Answer: Access Point

 What does physical media transmit between devices?

Answer: Signal Data

 What does the network edge provide to end systems?

Answer: Connectivity Access

Network core: packet/circuit switching, Internet
structure.
1.Which technology involves establishing a dedicated communication path
before data transfer begins?
a. Packet switching
b. Circuit switching
c. Datagram switching
d. Frame relay switching
Answer: b. Circuit switching
2.What type of switching involves dividing data into small packets for
transmission?
a. Virtual circuit switching
b. Packet switching
c. Datagram switching
d. Frame relay switching
Answer: b. Packet switching
3.What is the primary advantage of packet switching over circuit switching?
a. Lower latency
b. Greater reliability
c. Higher bandwidth
d. Guaranteed delivery
Answer: c. Higher bandwidth
4.What is the network core primarily responsible for?
a. Providing access to end devices
b. Routing data packets
c. Managing network traffic
d. Establishing secure connections
Answer: b. Routing data packets

5.Which of the following is a key component of the Internet's structure?

a. Routers
b. Switches
c. Modems
d. Servers
Answer: a. Routers
6.What technology is commonly used for data transmission in the network core?
a. Ethernet
b. DSL
c. Fiber optics
d. Wi-Fi
Answer: c. Fiber optics
7.Which switching technique creates a dedicated communication path for the
duration of a session?
a. Packet switching
b. Circuit switching
c. Datagram switching
d. Frame relay switching
Answer: b. Circuit switching
8.What is the primary function of routers in the network core?
a. Dividing data into packets
b. Establishing dedicated communication paths
c. Forwarding data packets based on destination addresses
d. Converting digital data into analog signals
Answer: c. Forwarding data packets based on destination addresses

9.What structure enables data to be transmitted across multiple interconnected

networks?
a. Internet Protocol (IP)
b. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
c. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model
d. Internet Structure
Answer: d. Internet Structure
10.What switching technique is used in traditional telephone networks?
a. Packet switching
b. Circuit switching
c. Datagram switching
d. Frame relay switching
Answer: b. Circuit switching

One-Word Questions:

 What is the primary function of the network core?

Answer: Routing

 What technology is commonly used for data transmission in the core?

Answer: Fiber

 What is the core's primary role in data transmission?

 Answer: Forwarding

 Define "packet switching."

Answer: Segmentation

 What is the purpose of circuit switching?

Answer: Dedicated

Two-Word Questions:

 Define "Internet structure."

Answer: Network Framework

 What is the core responsible for in data transmission?

Answer: Traffic Routing

 Describe "packet switching."

Answer: Data Segmentation

 What role do routers play in the core?

Answer: Packet Forwarding

 Explain "circuit switching."

Answer: Connection Establishment

Access Networks and Physical Media

1.Which of the following is NOT a common type of access network technology?
a. Ethernet
b. Wi-Fi
c. DSL
d. Bluetooth
Answer: d. Bluetooth
2.What is the primary function of access networks?
a. Routing data packets
b. Providing internet access to end devices
c. Establishing secure connections
d. Managing network traffic
Answer: b. Providing internet access to end devices

3.Which access network technology uses telephone lines to provide internet

connectivity?
a. Wi-Fi
b. Ethernet
c. DSL
d. Fiber optics
Answer: c. DSL
4.What does Wi-Fi stand for in networking?
a. Wireless Fidelity
b. Wide Area Network
c. Wireless Frequency
d. Wired Interface
Answer: a. Wireless Fidelity
5.Which of the following is NOT a type of physical media commonly used in
access networks?
a. Ethernet cable
b. Fiber optics
c. Radio waves
d. Coaxial cable
Answer: c. Radio waves
6.What is the primary advantage of fiber optics as a physical medium in access
networks?
a. High bandwidth
b. Low cost
c. Easy installation
d. Limited interference
Answer: a. High bandwidth

7.Which access network technology uses radio waves to provide internet

connectivity?
a. DSL
b. Fiber optics
c. Wi-Fi
d. Ethernet
Answer: c. Wi-Fi
8.What is the purpose of access points in wireless networks?
a. To route data packets
b. To provide internet access to end devices
c. To manage network traffic
d. To establish secure connections
Answer: b. To provide internet access to end devices
9.Which physical medium is commonly used for wired connections in access
networks?
a. Radio waves
b. Fiber optics
c. Coaxial cable
d. Bluetooth
Answer: c. Coaxial cable
10.What technology allows multiple devices to connect to a network without the
need for physical cables?
a. DSL
b. Fiber optics
c. Wi-Fi
d. Ethernet
Answer: c. Wi-Fi

One-Word Questions:

 What do access networks provide to end devices?

Answer: Connectivity

 Define "access network."

Answer: Connection

 What is the primary function of access points in wireless networks?

Answer: Connectivity

 What does Wi-Fi enable in access networks?

Answer: Wireless

 What is the primary purpose of physical media in access networks?

Answer: Transmission
Two-Word Questions:

 What do access networks facilitate for end devices?

Answer: Internet Access

 Describe "access point" in wireless networks.

Answer: Connection Provider

 What role do physical media play in access networks?

Answer: Signal Transmission

 Define "Wi-Fi technology."

Answer: Wireless Connectivity

 Explain "DSL technology" in access networks.

Answer: Digital Subscriber Line

The Network core.

1.What is the primary function of the network core in computer networking?
a. Providing internet access to end devices.
b. Routing data packets between different networks
c. Managing network traffic within a local area network.
d. Establishing secure connections between devices.
Answer: b. Routing data packets between different networks
2.Which technology is commonly used for data transmission in the network core?
a. Ethernet
b. DSL
c. Fiber optics
d. Wi-Fi
Answer: c. Fiber optics

3.What role do routers play in the network core?

a. Dividing data into packets
b. Establishing dedicated communication paths.
c. Forwarding data packets based on destination addresses.
d. Converting digital data into analog signals.
Answer: c. Forwarding data packets based on destination addresses
4.Which of the following is a key component of the network core infrastructure?
a. Modem
b. Router
c. Switch
d. Access point
Answer: b. Router

5.What is the primary responsibility of the network core in data transmission?

a. Providing access to end devices
b. Establishing secure connections
c. Routing data packets between networks
d. Managing network traffic
Answer: c. Routing data packets between networks

One-Word Questions:

 What is the core's primary role in data transmission?

Answer: Routing

 What is the primary technology used for data transmission in the core?

Answer: Fiber

 What do routers do in the core?

Answer: Forwarding

 Define "core."
 Answer: Center
Two-Word Questions:

 Explain "network core."

Answer: Central Infrastructure

 What is the core responsible for in data routing?

Answer: Packet Forwarding

 Describe the core's role in data transmission.

Answer: Traffic Routing

 Define "core network."

Answer: Backbone Infrastructure

Packet switching
1.What does packet switching involve in computer networking?
a. Establishing dedicated communication paths.
b. Dividing data into small packets for transmission
c. Transmitting data over analog signals
d. Connecting devices using physical cables.
Answer: b. Dividing data into small packets for transmission
2.Which of the following is a key advantage of packet switching over circuit
switching?
a. Lower latency
b. Greater reliability
c. Higher bandwidth
d. Guaranteed delivery
Answer: c. Higher bandwidth

3.What is the primary function of routers in a packet-switched network?

a. Establishing dedicated communication paths.
b. Converting digital data into analog signals.
c. Forwarding data packets based on destination addresses.
d. Managing network traffic
Answer: c. Forwarding data packets based on destination addresses
4.What term describes the process of reassembling data packets at the
destination in packet-switched networks?
a. Fragmentation
b. Segmentation
c. Multiplexing
d. Packet switching
Answer: d. Packet switching
5.Which switching technique creates a dedicated communication path for the
duration of a session?
a. Packet switching
b. Circuit switching
c. Datagram switching
d. Frame relay switching
Answer: b. Circuit switching

One-Word Questions:

 What does packet switching involve?

Answer: Segmentation

 What is the main advantage of packet switching?

Answer: Efficiency

 Define "packet."

Answer: Fragment

 What is the primary function of routers in packet-switched networks?

 Answer: Forwarding
Two-Word Questions:

 Explain "packet switching."

Answer: Data Segmentation

 What is the primary advantage of packet switching over circuit switching?

Answer: Bandwidth Efficiency

 Describe the role of routers in packet-switched networks.

Answer: Data Packet Forwarding

 Define "data packet."

Answer: Information Fragment

Circuit switching
1.What is the primary advantage of circuit switching?
a) Low latency
b) High scalability
c) Efficient use of bandwidth
d) Flexibility
Answer: a) Low latency
2.Which of the following is an example of a circuit-switched network?
a) Ethernet LAN
b) Packet-switched WAN
c) Public switched telephone network (PSTN)
d) Wireless LAN
Answer: c) Public switched telephone network (PSTN)

3.In circuit switching, a dedicated circuit is established between communicating

parties during the:
a) Data transmission
b) Connection setup phase
c) Data reception
d) Data acknowledgment
Answer: b) Connection setup phase
4.Which network type is most suitable for real-time applications like voice and
video calls?
a) Circuit-switched networks
b) Packet-switched networks
c) Cellular networks
d) Satellite networks
Answer: a) Circuit-switched networks

5.Circuit switching is commonly used in:

a) Internet backbone networks
b) Local area networks (LANs)
c) Wide area networks (WANs)
d) Metropolitan area networks (MANs)
Answer: c) Wide area networks (WANs)
6.Which switching technique divides data into smaller packets for transmission?
a) Circuit switching
b) Packet switching
c) Message switching
d) Frame switching
Answer: b) Packet switching
7.In circuit switching, which device is responsible for establishing and
maintaining the circuit?
a) Router
b) Switch
c) Modem
d) Signaling server
Answer: d) Signaling server
8.Circuit switching is less efficient compared to packet switching when:
a) Bandwidth requirements are low
b) Network traffic is bursty
c) Quality of Service (QoS) is critical
d) Network topology is dynamic
Answer: b) Network traffic is bursty

9.Which of the following statements is true about circuit switching?

a) Bandwidth is dynamically allocated
b) Resources are reserved for the duration of the connection
c) Packets are forwarded based on destination addresses
d) There is no delay during connection establishment
Answer: b) Resources are reserved for the duration of the connection
10.What happens if a circuit-switched connection is established but not used for
data transmission?
a) Resources are released immediately
b) Resources remain reserved until released by the user
c) Connection terminates automatically
d) Bandwidth is dynamically allocated to other connections
Answer: b) Resources remain reserved until released by the user

One-Word Questions and Answers:

 What is the primary advantage of packet switching?

Answer: Flexibility

 What type of switching establishes a dedicated circuit for communication?

Answer: Circuit

 What is the main concern in circuit switching during periods of low traffic?

Answer: Efficiency

 Which network type is more suitable for bursty traffic?

Answer: Packet

 In packet switching, data is transmitted in small units called?

Answer: Packets

Two-Word Questions and Answers:

 What does circuit switching reserve for data transmission?

Answer: Resources, Bandwidth

 What is the initial phase in circuit switching?

Answer: Connection setup

 What type of networks use packet switching extensively?

Answer: Internet, WANs

 What does packet switching offer for varying traffic patterns?

Answer: Adaptability, Efficiency

 What is the primary concern in packet switching networks?

Answer: Congestion, Latency

Packet delay
1.What causes packet delay in computer networks?
a) Network congestion
b) Packet loss
c) Protocol overhead
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
2.Which factor primarily contributes to propagation delay in packet transmission?
a) Network topology
b) Distance between sender and receiver
c) Packet size
d) Network bandwidth
Answer: b) Distance between sender and receiver

3.Which type of delay occurs when packets arrive at a network device faster than
it can process them?
a) Transmission delay
b) Propagation delay
c) Queuing delay
d) Processing delay
Answer: c) Queuing delay
4.What is the impact of packet delay on real-time applications like VoIP (Voice
over Internet Protocol)?
a) Improved call quality
b) Reduced bandwidth usage
c) Increased latency
d) Enhanced security
Answer: c) Increased latency
5.Which technique is used to mitigate packet delay in computer networks?
a) Error detection
b) Forward error correction
c) Quality of Service (QoS)
d) Flow control
Answer: c) Quality of Service (QoS)
6.In packet-switched networks, which type of delay is associated with the time
taken to transmit all bits of a packet onto the network medium?
a) Transmission delay
b) Propagation delay
c) Queuing delay
d) Processing delay
Answer: a) Transmission delay

7.What is the primary concern regarding packet delay in real-time applications?

a) Data integrity
b) Network security
c) Time-sensitive delivery
d) Protocol compatibility
Answer: c) Time-sensitive delivery
8.Which network device is responsible for managing packet queuing and
minimizing delay?
a) Router
b) Switch
c) Modem
d) Hub
Answer: a) Router

9.Which factor influences processing delay in packet-switched networks?

a) Network congestion
b) Packet size
c) Distance between sender and receiver
d) Transmission medium
Answer: b) Packet size
10.What is the effect of increased network traffic on packet delay?
a) Decreased delay
b) Constant delay
c) Increased delay
d) Delay elimination
Answer: c) Increased delay

One-Word Questions and Answers:

 What does packet delay affect in real-time applications?

Answer: Latency

 What is the primary goal of Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms?

Answer: Prioritization

 What causes delay when packets are temporarily stored in a buffer?

Answer: Queuing

 What type of traffic is sensitive to packet delay?

Answer: Real-time

 What does network congestion lead to in terms of packet transmission?

Answer: Delays

Two-Word Questions and Answers:

 What does propagation delay depend on?

Answer: Distance, Medium

 What technique aims to reduce packet delay in networks?

Answer: Traffic, Shaping

 What is the primary function of packet buffering?

Answer: Queue, Management

 What is the primary cause of transmission delay in networks?

Answer: Packetization, Time

 What happens when packet delay exceeds a certain threshold?

Answer: Quality, Degradation

Packet loss:
1.What is packet loss in computer networking?
a) Delay in packet delivery
b) Corruption of packet contents
c) Dropping of packets during transmission
d) Duplication of packets
Answer: c) Dropping of packets during transmission
2.Which factor can contribute to packet loss in a network?
a) High network bandwidth
b) Low network latency
c) Network congestion
d) Strong network security
Answer: c) Network congestion
3.What is the impact of packet loss on network performance?
a) Decreased latency
b) Improved throughput
c) Reduced data integrity
d) Enhanced reliability
Answer: c) Reduced data integrity
4.Which network protocol is commonly used to detect and retransmit lost
packets?
a) HTTP
b) TCP
c) UDP
d) IP
Answer: b) TCP

5.What technique is used to mitigate packet loss in wireless networks?

a) Error correction coding
b) Quality of Service (QoS) prioritization
c) Packet filtering
d) Network segmentation
Answer: a) Error correction coding
6.In a packet-switched network, which device is responsible for managing packet
delivery and reducing packet loss?
a) Router
b) Switch
c) Modem
d) Firewall
Answer: a) Router

7.What does a high packet loss rate indicate in a network?

a) Efficient data transmission
b) Congested network conditions
c) Stable network performance
d) Minimal latency
Answer: b) Congested network conditions
8.Which type of network traffic is most affected by packet loss?
a) Real-time streaming
b) Email communication
c) File downloads
d) Web browsing
Answer: a) Real-time streaming

9.What is the primary cause of packet loss in a network?

a) Network topology
b) Hardware failure
c) Network congestion
d) Software bugs
Answer: c) Network congestion
10.How does packet loss affect the reliability of data transmission?
a) Improves data integrity
b) Enhances network security
c) Reduces data reliability
d) Increases network throughput
Answer: c) Reduces data reliability

One-Word Questions and Answers:

 What does packet loss impact in network communication?

 Answer: Reliability

 What is the primary concern with high packet loss rates?

Answer: Integrity

 What occurs when packets are not successfully delivered to their destination?

Answer: Loss

 What does TCP use to ensure reliable data transmission?

Answer: Retransmission

 What can mitigate the effects of packet loss in networks?

Answer: Redundancy

Two-Word Questions and Answers:

 What is the primary consequence of frequent packet loss in networks?

Answer: Data, Corruption

 What mechanism does TCP employ to handle packet loss?

Answer: Automatic, Retransmission

 What technique helps in identifying and recovering lost packets in networks?

Answer: Error, Detection

 What is the primary challenge in wireless networks concerning packet loss?

Answer: Signal, Interference

 How does network congestion contribute to packet loss?

Answer: Buffer, Overflow

Network Security
1.What is the primary goal of network security?
a) Maximizing network speed
b) Minimizing network downtime
c) Protecting data and resources
d) Increasing network scalability
Answer: c) Protecting data and resources
2.Which of the following is NOT a common network security threat?
a) Malware
b) social engineering
c) Redundant data
d) Phishing
Answer: c) Redundant data

3.What does a firewall primarily do in network security?

a) Encrypts data packets
b) Monitors and controls network traffic
c) Generates encryption keys
d) Blocks physical access to servers
Answer: b) Monitors and controls network traffic
4.Which encryption protocol is commonly used to secure data transmission over
the internet?
a) SSL
b) FTP
c) UDP
d) HTTP
Answer: a) SSL
5.What does VPN stand for in the context of network security?
a) Virtual Personal Network
b) Virtual Private Network
c) Very Private Network
d) Verified Personal Network
Answer: b) Virtual Private Network
6.Which type of attack involves an attacker intercepting and altering
communication between two parties?
a) Denial of Service (DoS)
b) Man-in-the-Middle (MitM)
c) Phishing
d) Spoofing
Answer: b) Man-in-the-Middle (MitM)

7.What is the purpose of intrusion detection systems (IDS) in network security?

a) To prevent unauthorized access
b) To encrypt data transmissions
c) To detect and respond to suspicious activities
d) To authenticate users
Answer: c) To detect and respond to suspicious activities
8.What is a common method of authentication used in network security?
a) Passwords
b) Firewalls
c) Encryption
d) Routers
Answer: a) Passwords
9.Which security measure involves dividing a network into smaller subnetworks
to limit the spread of security breaches?
a) Encryption
b) VPN
c) VLAN
d) NAT
Answer: c) VLAN
10.What is the primary purpose of regular security audits in network security?
a) To install new security software
b) To identify and mitigate security vulnerabilities
c) To increase network bandwidth
d) To optimize network performance
Answer: b) To identify and mitigate security vulnerabilities

One-Word Questions and Answers:

 What is the process of converting data into a secret code to prevent unauthorized
access?
Answer: Encryption

 What security measure verifies the identity of a user before granting access to a
network?
Answer: Authentication

 What type of attack floods a network server or service with excessive requests,
causing it to become unavailable?
Answer: DoS (Denial of Service)

 What is the unauthorized access or use of information system resources called?

Answer: Intrusion

 What security mechanism filters network traffic based on predefined rules to block or
allow specific data packets?
Answer: Firewall
Two-Word Questions and Answers:
 What security measure involves hiding internal IP addresses from external
networks?
Answer: Network Address Translation (NAT)

 What technique encrypts data transmissions between a user's device and a network
server to ensure confidentiality?
Answer: Secure Socket Layer (SSL)

 What security method verifies the integrity and origin of a message by using digital
signatures?
Answer: Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

 What security measure restricts access to sensitive data based on user roles and
permissions?
Answer: Access Control

 What type of attack involves sending fraudulent emails to trick individuals into
revealing sensitive information?
Answer: Phishing Scam

Protocol Layers and Reference Models

1.Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for converting data into a format
suitable for transmission over a network?
a) Physical layer
b) Data link layer
c) Network layer
d) Presentation layer
Answer: d) Presentation layer
2.In the TCP/IP protocol suite, which layer is responsible for IP addressing,
routing, and packet forwarding?
a) Network Access layer
b) Internet layer
c) Transport layer
d) Application layer
Answer: b) Internet layer
3.Which reference model consists of seven layers, including the Application,
Presentation, and Session layers?
a) OSI model
b) TCP/IP model
c) Ethernet model
d) HTTP model
Answer: a) OSI model

4.At which layer of the OSI model do switches and bridges operate to forward
data based on MAC addresses?
a) Network layer
b) Data link layer
c) Transport layer
d) Physical layer
Answer: b) Data link layer
5.Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and
terminating connections between applications?
a) Presentation layer
b) Session layer
c) Transport layer
d) Application layer
Answer: d) Application layer
6.In the TCP/IP model, which layer is equivalent to the OSI model's Data Link and
Physical layers?
a) Network Access layer
b) Internet layer
c) Transport layer
d) Application layer
Answer: a) Network Access layer
7.What layer of the OSI model ensures error-free, ordered delivery of data
between devices on a network?
a) Transport layer
b) Network layer
c) Data link layer
d) Physical layer
Answer: a) Transport layer

8.Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and
terminating connections between devices?
a) Transport layer
b) Network layer
c) Data link layer
d) Session layer
Answer: d) Session layer

9.In the TCP/IP model, which layer is responsible for reliable, connection-oriented
communication between devices?
a) Network layer
b) Transport layer
c) Data link layer
d) Physical layer
Answer: b) Transport layer
10.What layer of the OSI model deals with the logical addressing and routing of
data packets?
a) Data link layer
b) Physical layer
c) Network layer
d) Transport layer
Answer: c) Network layer

One-Word Questions and Answers:

 What layer of the OSI model is responsible for encoding and compression?

Answer: Presentation

 What does TCP/IP stand for?

Answer: Transmission

 What is the primary function of the OSI model's Data Link layer?

Answer: Framing

 What layer of the OSI model provides services directly to user applications?

Answer: Application

 What layer of the OSI model is responsible for converting digital data into signals for
transmission?
Answer: Physical

Two-Word Questions and Answers:

 What is the primary function of the OSI model's Transport layer?

Answer: End-to-end, Communication

 What layer of the OSI model ensures reliable data transfer between nodes on a
network?
Answer: Transport

 What layer of the OSI model is responsible for addressing and routing data packets?

Answer: Network

 What does TCP/IP model's Application layer include?

Answer: User, Interfaces

 What is the main function of the OSI model's Presentation layer?

Answer: Data, Translation

Layered Internet Protocol Stack

1.Which protocol is responsible for addressing and routing packets across
different networks in the Internet Protocol (IP) stack?
a) TCP
b) UDP
c) ICMP
d) IP
Answer: d) IP
2.What layer of the Internet Protocol stack is responsible for error detection and
reporting?
a) Network Layer
b) Transport Layer
c) Data Link Layer
d) Physical Layer
Answer: a) Network Layer
3.Which protocol is used for reliable, connection-oriented communication in the
Internet Protocol stack?
a) TCP
b) UDP
c) HTTP
d) ICMP
Answer: a) TCP

4.What is the primary function of the Transport layer in the Internet Protocol
stack?
a) Addressing
b) Error detection
c) End-to-end communication
d) Physical transmission
Answer: c) End-to-end communication

5.Which layer of the Internet Protocol stack ensures that data is delivered reliably
and in order?
a) Network Layer
b) Transport Layer
c) Data Link Layer
d) Physical Layer
Answer: b) Transport Layer
6.What protocol is used for simple, connectionless communication in the Internet
Protocol stack?
a) TCP
b) UDP
c) ICMP
d) IP
Answer: b) UDP
7.What layer of the Internet Protocol stack is responsible for establishing and
terminating connections between applications?
a) Network Layer
b) Transport Layer
c) Data Link Layer
d) Application Layer
Answer: d) Application Layer
8.Which protocol is used for diagnosing network problems and reporting errors
in the Internet Protocol stack?
a) TCP
b) UDP
c) ICMP
d) IP
Answer: c) ICMP
9.What layer of the Internet Protocol stack deals with the physical transmission of
data packets?
a) Network Layer
b) Transport Layer
c) Data Link Layer
d) Physical Layer
Answer: d) Physical Layer
10.Which layer of the Internet Protocol stack is responsible for framing and error
detection at the local network level?
a) Network Layer
b) Transport Layer
c) Data Link Layer
d) Physical Layer
Answer: c) Data Link Layer
One-Word Questions and Answers:

 What layer of the Internet Protocol stack handles routing and forwarding of packets?

Answer: Network

 What layer of the Internet Protocol stack ensures reliable data transmission between
hosts?
Answer: Transport

 What is the primary function of the Internet Protocol (IP) layer?

Answer: Addressing

 What layer of the Internet Protocol stack deals with network interface control and
access to the physical medium?
Answer: Data Link

 What does ICMP stand for in the Internet Protocol stack?

Answer: Control
Two-Word Questions and Answers:

 What layer of the Internet Protocol stack is responsible for logical addressing and
routing decisions?
Answer: Network Layer

 What is the main function of the Internet Protocol stack's Transport Layer?
 Answer: End-to-end Communication

 What protocol provides a basic messaging service for error reporting and
diagnostics in the Internet Protocol stack?
Answer: Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

 What layer of the Internet Protocol stack is responsible for framing and error
detection at the local network level?
Answer: Data Link Layer

 What layer of the Internet Protocol stack deals with the physical transmission of data
packets?
Answer: Physical Layer

The History of Internet

1.When was the first successful message sent over ARPANET, the precursor to
the internet?
a) 1965
b) 1969
c) 1972
d) 1983
Answer: b) 1969
2.Which university is credited with sending the first message over ARPANET?
a) Stanford University
b) Harvard University
c) University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
d) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Answer: c) University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
3.What was the original purpose of ARPANET, the first wide-area packet-switching
network?
a) Military communication
b) Academic research
c) Commercial transactions
d) Entertainment streaming
Answer: a) Military communication

4.Which protocol was developed by Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn and became the
foundation for the modern internet?
a) HTTP
b) TCP/IP
c) FTP
d) SMTP
Answer: b) TCP/IP
5.In what year was the World Wide Web (WWW) invented by Tim Berners-Lee?
a) 1985
b) 1991
c) 1995
d) 2000
Answer: b) 1991
6.Which organization was established in 1993 to govern and coordinate the
development of the internet?
a) ICANN
b) IETF
c) W3C
d) NSF
Answer: a) ICANN
7.What significant event led to the commercialization of the internet in the early
1990s?
a) Creation of the World Wide Web
b) Introduction of ARPANET
c) Lifting of restrictions on commercial use
d) Development of TCP/IP protocol
Answer: c) Lifting of restrictions on commercial use

8.What term describes the transition of the internet from a government and
academic network to a global commercial platform?
a) ARPANET era
b) Digital revolution
c) Dot-com boom
d) Information age
Answer: c) Dot-com boom
9.What technology enabled high-speed internet access over existing telephone
lines during the late 1990s?
a) DSL
b) Cable modem
c) Fiber optics
d) Satellite internet
Answer: a) DSL
10.Which internet company was founded in 1998 and quickly became one of the
largest search engines and web services providers?
a) Amazon
b) Google
c) eBay
d) Yahoo
Answer: b) Google

One-Word Questions and Answers:

 Who is often credited with inventing the World Wide Web?

Answer: Berners-Lee

 What technology enabled the first internet connections between universities and
research institutions?
Answer: ARPANET

 What event marked the beginning of the commercialization of the internet?

Answer: Restrictions

 Who played a significant role in the development of the TCP/IP protocol?

Answer: Cerf

 What organization oversees the allocation of IP addresses and domain names on

the internet?
Answer: ICANN
Two-Word Questions and Answers:

 What is the name of the first wide-area packet-switching network, created in the late
1960s?
Answer: ARPANET

 What technology standard, developed in the 1970s, forms the basis of modern
internet communication?
 Answer: TCP/IP

 What event in 1991 revolutionized the way people access and share information on
the internet?
Answer: World Wide Web

 What term describes the rapid growth of internet-based companies in the late
1990s?
Answer: Dot-com.

 Who are the two individuals credited with sending the first message over ARPANET
in 1969?
Answer: Cerf, Kahn