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What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
potential and kinetic energy. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are

Science 8
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module contains:

Quarter 1 – Module 2: W3
 Lesson 1 – Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify and explain the factors that affect potential and kinetic energy. (MELC Week 3

What I Know
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. An object from a certain height falls freely. Which of the following happens to PE and KE
when the object is half on its way down?
A. loses PE and gains KE
B. gains PE and loses KE
C. loses both PE and KE
D. gains both PE and KE

2. How do you compare the PE of the moving object at the highest point compared to its KE?
A. PE is greater than KE
B. PE is equal to KE
C. PE is lesser than KE
CO_Q1_Science8_Modul
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3. Which of the following quantities has the greatest influence on the amount of kinetic energy
of a car while traveling on a highway?
A. mass B. size C. speed D. weight
4. Which of the following pair of quantities are the factors that affect kinetic energy?
A. force and distance B. mass and height C. mass and speed
D. time and height
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For Questions 5-6. Refer to the illustration below. Energy: The ability to do work
Let us consider the following situations: A fast-moving softball hit a stationary, open door which caused
it to move. An object lifted to a certain height using a rope, elevated the object from the ground. A
hammer struck on a nail that was placed on a piece of wood, pushed the nail into the wood. A toy car’s
key was twisted, placed on the floor and started to move. In all these situations, forces acting on the
objects are doing work.

An object requires energy to do work. Consider two objects A and B that are about to interact
with each other. When object A is pushed, an applied force is doing work on it. Object A possesses
kinetic energy while moving towards a stationary object B. In this situation, object A loses energy while
object B gains energy. When this happens, energy is transferred from object A to object B. This
indicates that any object that has energy can do work.

Energy is the ability or capacity to do work. Its unit is the same as the unit of work, expressed
in joule (J) in the SI system. One (1) J is the energy needed to accomplish one (1) joule of work. A
5. Which point has increasing kinetic energy?
larger unit of energy called kilojoule (kJ) is sometimes used. One (1) kJ is equal to1000 J.
A. Point C B. Point B C. Point A D. Point A & C
6. Which point has the greatest potential energy? What’s New
A. Point A B. Point B C. Point C D. Point A & C Activity 1. Energy Crossword
7. Which of the following statements is TRUE about potential energy? Puzzle
A. It is dependent on the speed of an object. Objective: Familiarize the
B. It does not depend on the mass of the object. words that are associated to
C. It does not depend on the strength of gravity. the concept of energy.
D. It is affected by the mass and location of an object with respect to the Complete the crossword
ground. puzzle below.

8. Which of the following does not affect the amount of potential energy of an object?
A. mass B. speed C. height or location D. strength of gravity
Across:
9. The following applies the concept of potential energy EXCEPT:
1. The product of
A. water in a dam B. a person playing the guitar force and displacement is
B. a rock sitting at the edge of a cliff D. tree branches high up in a tree __________.
10. What happens to the kinetic energy of an object if its speed is doubled? 4. __________ is
A. twice as much B. thrice as much the unit of energy in
B. increases four times D. decreases four times SI system.
6. __________ energy is stored due to the object’s position.
Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy
The word energy is used very often in our daily life. In science, there are many forms of
energy however; this module shall only focus on Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy. Down:
_________ energy is associated with motion.
What’s I The total __________ energy is the sum of kinetic and potential energy.
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5. The ability to do work is __________. The work performed in lifting an object is equals to the potential energy the object gains. An
object absorbs energy when lifted from the ground and when allowed to fall, it loses energy. The
What is It energy that the body gains or losses with respect to its position is called potential energy (PE) and is
Potential Energy given by

In the previous lesson, you were asked if the man lifting the box is doing work on it. PE=mgh

where: PE is the potential energy in joules (J);

m is the object's mass in kilograms (kg); g is the acceleration

due to gravity which is 9.8 m/s²; and

h is the height of the object from the reference point (e.g., ground) in meters (m).
Figure 1. A man lifting a box Kinetic Energy
Source: Pia C. Campo, et. Al., A man lifting a box, Science 8 Learner’s Material, Philippines, FEP
What is common in the following situations? A running athlete on the track, a flowing water
Printing Corporation, 2016
on the ground, a falling coconut from its tree, a rolling rock on the seashore, and a soaring airplane into
Which or who is doing work in Figure 1? Is it the table, the box, or the man? Yes, you are the air. They are all moving and are acted upon by forces. Any object that moves possesses energy
correct! The man is doing work on the box. Specifically, the force he applied while lifting is doing work and can do work. An object that moves quicker can do more work than an identical object that moves
on the box. What is the direction of the force exerted by the man on the box? What is the direction of slowly. How much energy does a moving object possess? We say that the kinetic energy of an object
the motion of the box? Yes, both are directed upward. Work, as discussed earlier, is a way to transmit moving at a certain speed is equal to the work done to make it acquire that speed.
energy. Hence, when the man exerted force in lifting the box, he loses energy. Work is done on the
box, and the box gains energy. The energy of a moving object is called energy of motion or kinetic energy (KE). The word
kinetic comes from the Greek word kinetikos which means moving. Kinetic energy measures the
You have learned that force of gravity is the force exerted by the Earth on all things. It is amount of work the object can do because of its motion.
always directed downward or towards the center of the Earth. Consequently, when an object is raised
from the Earth, the force exerted in lifting the object is equal to its weight, This can be computed using the formula:

F = Weight = mg KE = ½ mv²

The work done in lifting the object is: where: KE is the kinetic energy in joule (J),

W = Fd m is the object's mass in kilogram (kg), and v is

where, the displacement (d) is the height (h) the object is raised. Thus, the work done in the object's speed in meter per second (m/s).
lifting the object against the gravitational force is given by
From the formula, the kinetic energy of an object depends on its mass and speed. What will
W=mgh happen to the KE of an object if its mass is doubled but the speed remains the same? The KE of an
object is also doubled. How about if the speed is doubled but the mass remains the same? The KE of
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an object increases four times.This means that the greater the mass, the greater the kinetic energy; Car travelling at 10 m/s has twice as much the speed of the other
and the faster the speed the higher the kinetic energy as well. car. Since the mass
What’s More for both vehicles, using the
Activity 2. Kinetic Energy formula of kinetic energy.
KE = ½ mv²
Objective: = ½ m(2v)²
After performing this activity, you should be able to investigate that increasing or reducing the mass
and/or speed affect/s the kinetic energy of the object. The situations and explanations below are = ½ m (4v²)
introduced to guide and help you answer the questions that follow. Therefore, KE = 4
kinetic energy is increased four times.
https://pixabay.com/get/53e2d3414e53a
Situation A: Two vehicles of different mass moving at same speed. e14f6d1867dda35367b1c3cdee45157754
The kinetic energy of a 10,000-kg vehicle is twice as much as the kinetic energy of a 5,000-kg vehicle 1_1920.png?attachment=
when both are travelling at the same speed.

Why is this so? Procedures:

1. Complete the table below. Refer
The 10,000-kg vehicle has twice as much the mass of the 5,000-kg
to the situations and
car. Since they are travelling at explanations above to guide
the same speed, using the and help you determine what happens to kinetic energy of an object when either mass or
formula of kinetic energy, speed is changed. Use directly the formula of kinetic energy, KE=½mv². Number 1 is done
KE = ½mv² for you.
= ½(2m)v²
Table 1. Effects of mass and speed to kinetic energy

Therefore, KE = 2(½mv²). The Kinetic Energy (KE) Mass Speed

kinetic energy is doubled. 1. doubled doubled constant
2. constant tripled
Situation B: Two vehicles of the 3. doubled doubled
same mass moving at different
4. reduced to ½ reduced to ½
speed.
5. tripled tripled
The kinetic energy of a car 6. reduced to ½ doubled
travelling at 10 m/s is four times Questions:
the kinetic energy of a car
travelling at 5 ms/s.
1. Which of the numbers above is KE largest? ___________________
Why is this so?
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 2. Which of the numbers above is KE smallest? ___________________ The potential energy of the box that is 10 m from the ground is
twice as much the potential energy of the box that is 5 m from the
3. Rank the KE of the numbers above from smallest to largest. _________________ ground when both boxes are of the same mass.

Why is this so?

Activity 3. Potential Energy
Objective: The box that is 10 m from the ground has twice as much height of the other box. Since mass is the
After performing this activity, you should be able to investigate that increasing or reducing the same for both boxes, using the formula of potential energy,
mass and/or height affect/s the potential energy of the object. The situations and explanations below
are introduced to guide and help you answer the questions that follow. https://pixabay.com/get/57e2dc4a4a52ad14f6da8c
7dda35367b1c3cdce75158784b_1280.png?attachme PE = mgh
Situation A: Two objects of different mass are situated at the same height.
nt=
The potential energy of 20-kg box is =mg(2h)
twice as much as the potential https://pixabay.com/get/57e5dd424c50b108f5d08
energy of a 10-kg box when both 460da293277163ddce0515073_1280.png?attachme Therefore, PE = 2mgh. The nt=
boxes are of the same height from
the ground. potential energy is doubled.
Procedure:
Why is this so?

The 20-kg box has twice as much 1. Complete the table below. Refer to the situations and explanations above to guide and help you
the mass of the 10-kg box. Since determine what happens to potential energy of an object when either mass or height is
they are of the same height from the ground, using the formula of changed given a constant value of acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8m/s². Use directly the
formula of potential energy, PE = mgh. Number 1 is done for you.
potential energy, PE = mgh
Table 2. Effects of mass and height to potential energy
= (2m)gh Potential Energy (PE) Mass Height
1. doubled doubled constant
2. constant tripled
3. doubled doubled
4. reduced to ½ reduced to ½
5. tripled tripled
6. reduced to ½ doubled

Questions:
Therefore, PE = 2mgh. The
1. Which of the numbers above is PE largest? ___________________
potential energy is doubled.
2. Which of the numbers above is PE smallest? ___________________

Situation B: Two objects of the same mass are situated at different height.
3. Rank the PE of the numbers above from largest to smallest. __________________

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What I Have Learned 7. Which happens to kinetic energy if mass is doubled?
Fill in the blanks with the correct answers to complete the statements. Write your answers on D. doubled B. the same C. tripled D. quadrupled
a separate sheet of paper. 8. Potential energy is the energy of an object based on its ___________.
A. height and mass B. mass and speed
1. The ____________of the object increases when elevated from the ground to a certain height.
C. speed and height D. weight and speed
2. An object's potential energy can be computed using the formula____________. 9. Where does a car on a hill have the greatest potential energy?
A. top of the hill
3. Any moving object possesses energy called ____________ and can be computed using the
B. bottom of the hill
formula ____________.
C. halfway down the hill
4. ____________ is the ability or capacity to do work. D. it has the same potential energy at all points

5. When an object’s speed doubles, its kinetic energy ____________. 10. Kinetic energy is the energy an object possessed due to its ___________.
A. mass B. motion C. position D. weight
6. When an object’s mass doubles, its kinetic energy also ____________.
(Pls, provide extra sheet for your output to be submitted on the next Monday, don’t forget to write your
7. The more mass an object has when lifted to a certain height, the ____________ potential name, subject, year and section. Thank you)
energy.
Assessment
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The following situations demonstrate potential energy EXCEPT:

A. a bullet fired from a gun B. a child at the top of a slide
C. a car parked at the top of a hill D. river water at the top of a waterfall
2. The potential energy is the energy an object has due to its __________.
A. mass B. motion C. position D. weight
3. The following conditions exhibits kinetic energy EXCEPT:
B. water inside a glass B. rolling stone from the hill
C. running athlete on the field
D. dancing kids in the living room of the house
4. Which of the following quantities, when doubled, has the greatest effect on the amount of
kinetic energy?
A. mass B. size C. speed D. weight
5. If a green ball is higher from the ground than a yellow ball and both have the same mass,
which ball has more potential energy?
A. green ball B. yellow ball
C. both has the same PE D. both has the same KE
6. Which of the following factors does not affect the amount of potential energy of an object?
A. gravity B. height C. mass D. speed

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 Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy

Science 8
Quarter 1 – Module 3: W3
CO_Q1_Science8_Modul
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Pls, use this for checking all your works and assessment. Thank you.

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