Writing task 1

Procedures
➢ 20 minutes → 33 %

➢ Minimum 150 – 180 words

➢ There are six rules

➢ Introduction

➢ Body 1&2

➢ Conclusion

Rules

1. No pronoun (I, you, we, they, he, she, it)

2. No abbreviation (don’t=do not, can’t=cannot, it’s=it is, etc.)
3. Use formal sentence (wanna=want to, gonna=going to, etc.)
4. No repetition words
➢ (Use synonym) Show→ display, present, illustrate
➢ Use different part of speech (e.g.: growth (n) = grow (V)
➢ Change the form (active => passive, passive => active)
➢ Paraphrase different form and word with the same meaning)
5. Use passive sentence and complex sentence (at least one in each body)
Active sentence→ we are going to watch a movie tonight
Passive sentence→ a movie is going to be watched by us tonight
Complex sentence:
a. Noun clause => The students are going to do what their teacher explained last meeting.
b. Adjective clause => The students who are taught by Mr. Thomson are going to do their
assignment
6. No opinions
CFC gases are very dangerous and have been proved to destroy the ozone level (Describing
about chart which tell us about the amount of CFC emission in some countries)

1
 No title

Introduction (20-40 words)

Simple Present

1. Paraphrase the title

2. Write more details
3. Write the measurement

Body 1 (50-80 words)

Present /Past /Future

1. Topic sentence (Trend of the graph) + supporting details (figures)

2. Use Common connective words

Body 2 (50-80 words)

Present /Past /Future

1. Topic sentence (Trend of the graph) + supporting details (figures)

2. Use Common connective words

Conclusion (20-40 words)

(can be after introduction)

Present /Past /Future

1. General Trend
2. Explanation of Trend

2
Skill 1. Write the Introduction
➢ In writing the introduction you must analyse whether the chart in the form of
graph, table, picture, bar chart, process, pie chart and comparison of charts
➢ You need to read the topic given
➢ Write the introduction
1. Paraphrase the title/topic given
2. Write More details
3. Write the measurement
Example:

The chart below shows students expenditure over a three-year period in the United Kingdom.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparison
where relevant.

You should write at least 150 words

Students’ expenditure (aged under 26 in higher education) United Kingdom

Simple Present Tense

Accomodation

1. The chart shows the changes in what

Food, Bills,
Household goods students in UK spent from 1996 to
1999
Essential Travel

Non-Essential
Past/Present/Future
Travel
2. There are 8 categories such as
Children
1996 accommodation, food bills, household
1999
3 goods, essential travel, non-essential
Course Expenditure
travel, children, course, entertainment
Entertainment and other.

Other

3. - The chart uses percentage as means

0 10 20 30 40
of measurement.
- It is measured in percentage.
Some verbs used to paraphrase the topic/title

Show illustrate describe present

tell give an overview give a breakdown

Explain 3
Exercise: Write introduction of the following chart
The chart below shows the percentage of male and female teachers in six differents in types of
educational setting in the UK in 2010

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main feature, and make comparisons
where relevants

120
100
80
60
40
20
0

men women

The graph below gives information about international tourist arrival in five countries

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main feature, and make comparison where
relevant

Write at least 150 words

International Tourist Arrival (millions)

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1995 2000 2005 2010

Brazil Egypt Malaysia

France USA

4
The given pie charts compare the expenses in 7 different categories in 1966 and 1996 by American
citizens

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main feature, and make comparison where
relevant

Write at least 150 words

1966 1996
1% 6% 14% 1% 14%
10%
8%
7% 44%
9%
14%
23%
45%
8%

Food Cars Food Cars

Petrol Restaurants Petrol Restaurants
Furniture Computers Furniture Computers
Books Books

The table below shows the average band scores for students from different language groups taking
the IELTS General Test in 2010.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main feature, and make comparison where
relevant

Write at least 150 words

Listening Reading Writing Speaking Overall

German 6.8 6.3 6.6 6.9 6.7
French 6.3 6.1 6.5 6.6 6.5
Indonesian 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.7 6.3
Malay 6.2 6.4 6.0 6.6 6.4

5
Skill 2 Write the General Trend

➢ General trend is one sentence representing the whole content of the paragraph
➢ General trend occurs in the body paragraph, or after the first paragraph.
➢ Look at the changes in graph and decide the general idea
➢ Start your sentence with Overall

Students’ expenditure (aged under 26 in higher education) United Kingdom

Accomodation

Food, Bills, Household…

Essential Travel

Non-Essential Travel

Children 1996
1999
Course Expenditure

Entertainment

Other

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Percentage of total expenditure

Based on the chart, students mostly spend on accommodation, bills, non-essential travel,
and course in 1996.

The changes

In 1999, students mostly spend on essential travel, entertainment, and others.

General Trend:

Overall, with the exception of expenditure on travel, the most significant general change was
a shift from spending on essential items to spending on non – essential initial items

6
Exercise: Write conclusion (General Trend) of the following chart
The chart below shows the percentage of male and female teachers in six different types of
educational setting in the UK in 2010

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main feature, and make
comparisons where relevants

120
100
80
60
40
men
20
0 women

The graph below gives information about international tourist arrival in five countries

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main feature, and make
comparison where relevant

Write at least 150 words

International Tourist Arrival (millions)

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1995 2000 2005 2010

Brazil Egypt Malaysia

France USA

7
The given pie charts compare the expenses in 7 different categories in 1966 and 1996 by
American citizens

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main feature, and make
comparison where relevant

Write at least 150 words

1966 1996
1% 6% 14% 1% 14%
10%
8%
7% 44%
9%
14%
23%
45%
8%

Food Cars Food Cars

Petrol Restaurants Petrol Restaurants
Furniture Computers Furniture Computers
Books Books

The table below shows the average band scores for students from different language groups
taking the IELTS General Test in 2010.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main feature, and make
comparison where relevant

Write at least 150 words

Listening Reading Writing Speaking Overall

German 6.8 6.3 6.6 6.9 6.7
French 6.3 6.1 6.5 6.6 6.5
Indonesian 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.7 6.3
Malay 6.2 6.4 6.0 6.6 6.4

8
 Skill 3: Write the Body Paragraph

You must explain the changes or differences shown in the graph (in detail)

1. Topic sentence (Describing changes in Number)

How to write topic sentence:
For example: The number of tourist arrival increased during the period
a. Subject of the topic sentence (Parameter)
The number of tourist arrival increased during the period

There was a decrease in the number of tourist arrival during the period

Measurement + of + Noun/ Noun phrase

(The number) (Tourist arrival)
Measurements:

Measurement

Number standard Temperature

Percentage volume Weight
Amount Distance Area
Level length Proportion

Noun/Noun Phrase

➢ Noun + Noun (Tourist Arrival)

➢ Present Participle (Students studying overseas)
➢ Past Participle (Goods and services purchased online)
➢ Adjective Clause (The number of students who studied
overseas)
➢

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Exercise: Arrange the following words into correct parameter
1. The families number who more own than of cars of two
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Percentage The spent the of office time in
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Of in English level The Bulgaria spoken
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The of were proportion who extremely with the the hotel of level satisfied guests
service at
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. Germany living standard The of in

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Of Indonesia money education amount spent by The on
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Number entertainment of sites spent The on hours web

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Rubbish London in volume The of
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Percentage of The studying students overseas
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Of taken the by length who going to study course preparation students continue are
their
…………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10
b. Trend
1. Verb and Noun

Verb Noun
➢ Rise ➢ A Rise
➢ Increase ➢ An Increase
➢ Climb ➢ Recovery
➢ Go up ➢ Explosion
➢ Rocket ➢ Development
➢ Soar ➢ Growth
➢ Recover
➢ Reach a plateau
➢ Explode
➢ Develop
➢ Grow
➢ Fall ➢ A Fall
➢ Decrease ➢ A Decrease
➢ Decline ➢ A Decline
➢ Go down ➢ A plunge
➢ Plummet ➢ A Drop
➢ Plunge ➢ A Dip
➢ Drop ➢ A slide
➢ Dip ➢ An ebb
➢ Slide ➢ A slump
➢ Ebb
➢ Slump
➢ Fluctuate ➢ A fluctuation
➢ Move up and down
➢ Fall to a low point ➢ A low point
➢ A low
➢ Reach a peak ➢ A peak
➢ Reach a high ➢ A high
➢ Shoot up
➢ Maintain ➢ No change
➢ Remain stable ➢ A levelling off
➢ Remain constant
➢ Stay
➢ Level off
➢ Stabilize

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Example: The use of verb and Noun
The number of automobiles decreased in 2002 (verb)

The number of automobiles suffered a decrease in 2002 (Noun)

There was a decrease in the number of automobiles in 2002(Noun)

Exercise: Complete the following sentences using the word in bold

No Verb Noun
.
1. Decrease There was………………………………………
The number of civil marriages ……………….
last year
2. Rise Between 1960 and 1970 there
Between 1960 and 1970 the number of was………………………………………………………
civil marriages……from 8.000 to 11.000
3. Explode ……………………………………………………………
During the 1980’s the amount of civil ……………………………………………………………
marriages really……………, rising from ……………………………………………………………
16.000 to 28.000 by 2000
4. Increase There was ………in Average age over each
………………………………………………………… decade from 21 in 1960 to 30 years old
………………………………………………………………. in 2000
5. Dip However, in 1990 there…….in this kind of
However, ……………………………………… marriage…….to 36

6. Declined The information shows………………………….

The number of religious marriages… ………………………………………………………………
……to 4000 in the first three decades
7. Recover However, in 2000
However, in 2000 there……………………………
……………………………………….to 400
8. Fall ………………………………………………………………
The figures of religious marriage…………. ……………………………………………………………..
from 3600 to 3000 in 2001
9. Remain stable ……………………………………………………………….
in 1990The number of civil marriages in ……………………………………………………………….
USA………….at 3600
10 Fluctuate ………………………………………………………………
During the period the number of ………………………………………………………………
religious marriages……………

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 2. Adjective
Adjective can be used to demonstrate your range of vocabulary. Adjective describe
nouns and usually come before the nouns
Table of adjective
Big change Small change Gradual change Quick change
➢ Dramatic ➢ Slight ➢ steady ➢ quick
➢ Substantial ➢ Modest ➢ gradual ➢ sharp
➢ Significant ➢ Slow ➢ consistent ➢ rapid
➢ Considerable ➢ steep
➢ Noticeable
➢ Impressive

Example: There was a noticeable rise in the number of students studying overseas
Complete the column with your own sentences
No Adjective Noun Sentences
1. Dramatic Rise ………………………………………….……………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….

2. Sharp Fall ………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………….

3. Impressive Growth ………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………….

4. Sharp Increase ……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

5. Noticeable Decrease ………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………….

6. Slow Development ………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………….

7. Slight Decline ………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………..

8. Gradual Drop ………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Modest Recovery ………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Considerable Explosion …………………………………………………………………………………….

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 3. Adverb
➢ Adverb describe how something happens and usually follow a verb (after verb
➢ Adverb of manner are formed from adjective+ ly
➢ Example: Last year the number of tourist arrival in USA rose significantly

Table of adverb
Big change Small change Gradual change Quick change
➢ Dramatically ➢ Slightly ➢ Steadily ➢ Quickly
➢ Substantially ➢ Moderately ➢ Gradually ➢ Sharply
➢ Significantly ➢ Slowly ➢ Consistently ➢ Rapidly
➢ Considerably ➢ Steeply
➢ Noticeably
➢ Impressively

Complete the column with your own sentences

No. Verb Adverb Sentences
1. Rose Dramatically ………………………………………….……………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………...

2. Fell Sharply ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. Grew Impressively ………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

4. Increased Sharply ………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Decrease Noticeably ………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Developed Slowly ………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Declined Slightly ………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Dropped Gradually ………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Recovered Moderately ………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………...

10. Exploded Considerably …………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………

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 4. Preposition
The use of preposition
PREPOSITION USES EXAMPLE
In A change in (category) There was a fall in the number of tourist
arrival
Of Noun + of + amount A fall of 20%

by Verb + by + amount It rose by 25%

At A fix number The record stood at 250 kph

on Noun + on +noun Women spent just 50 minutes on
(category) washing and ironing
From….to From +noun There was A fall in the number of tourist
(year/number) to + Noun arrival from 1995 to 2000
(year/number)
There was A fall in the number of tourist
arrival from 19%to 2%

Between……and Between + year +and + There was A fall in the number of tourist
year arrival between 1995 and 2000

Exercise: Complete the following sample report by putting a preposition in each space.
The chart shows the changes which took place (1) ………. student spending in the United
Kingdom (2) ……. the three-year period (3) …… 1996 (4) …… 1999.
Students spent 3% less on accommodation, which fell (5) …….23% (6) …….20% of total
expenditure, and there was a 2% decrease (7) ……spending on food, bill and household goods,
which fell from 20% to 18%. At the same time course expenditure went down (8) ………3% from
10% to 7%. Children who constituted 1% (9) …. student’s expenditure in 1996, are not
represented in 1999.
On the other hand, there was a 5% growth (10) ……spending on entertainment, which stood
(11) ………26% of total expenditure in 1996 but rose (12) ……31% in 1999. Spending on other
non-essential items and credit repayment grew (13) …….4% to make (14) …….16% of total
expenditure. Spending (15) ……. essential travel went up (16) ….3% while non-essential travel
underwent a 1% fall.
Overall with an exception (17) ……. expenditure (18) …...travel, the most significant general
change was a shift (19) ……spending on essential items (20) …...spending non-essential items.

15
Skill 4: Use Double and Twice
You can use double as a VERB or ADJECTIVE

Example:

➢ The number of unemployed people doubled between 2005 and 2009

➢ There was a double increase in the number of unemployed people between 2005 and 2009

You can use twice with:

a) as….as
b) as……. compared to

example:

➢ There are twice as many houses in this area as there used to be

➢ There were twice as many unemployed people in 2009 as in 2005
➢ Twice as many people were unemployed in 2009 compared to 2005
➢ Twice as many people travelled by bus in 2010 compared to 2005

Exercise: Write one sentence for each given theme double and twice
1. Smoking in public
The number of people smoking in public doubled from 2005 to 2008 (from 40 to 80)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Purchasing online
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Living abroad
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Home ownership
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. House prices
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

16
Skill 5: Use Comparison

1. Comparison between sentences

Connectors Example
In Contrast The most popular form of holiday among the Welsh
was self-catering with over 60% choosing to cook for
themselves. In contrast, only 5% of the English chose
this form of vacation and hotel accommodation was
much more popular at 48%
Meanwhile Almost 50% of the English, scots and Irish chose to
stay in a hotel for their holiday. Meanwhile, staying
in self-catering accommodation was much less
popular with around 10% of people choosing this.
However Hotel accommodation was the most popular with
around half the people choosing it. However, most of
the Welsh chose to stay in self-catering
accommodation
On the other hand Most of the British chose to stay in hotel for their
holiday. On the other hand, 50% of the Welsh opted
for self-catering accommodation

Note:
• You must use a comma after this connector
• Refer to Table of Common Connective Words (CCW) for the variation

2. Comparison within sentences

Connectors Example
While While there are 4 million miles of train lines in the
UK, there are only 3 million in France
Whereas Whereas most of the French prefer to travel to work
by train only a small minority of the British do.
Although Although 15% of the French read novels, only 5% of
the British do.
But Almost 25% of French females study maths with a
private tutor, but nearly 60% study English with one.

17
3. Positive Degree (Similar to / same as/as…. (adjective) ….as)
No. Form Example
1. Noun + and + noun……similar ➢ The percentage of females and males who
studied language at university were very
Similar …. noun + and + noun similar
➢ A similar amount of gas and electricity was
Noun…. Similar to………. used domestically in homes
➢ The figures for 2012 were very similar to the
figures for 2013

2. The same + as ➢ The percentage of females who studied at

university in 2011 was almost the same as in
2012

3. As…adjective …as ➢ The number of students studying overseas

1n 2005 was as many as it was in 2002

➢ Note: use this form to talk about the similar categories

Writing: Write a sentence for each topic using the form of positive degree
1. household expenditure
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. source of electricity
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. fitness membership
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. British Emigration
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. Living in urban areas
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

18
4. Comparative degree (……-er or more……)
a. We use -er for short word (one syllable) or two syllable words that end in-y
Cheap→ cheaper fast→faster large→larger big→bigger
Lucky→luckier early→ earlier easy→easier pretty→prettier
Example: The number of international tourist arrival in USA was bigger in 2004 than
2005
b. We use more …..for longer words (two syllables or more)
More modern more serious more expensive more comfortable
Example: The number of tourist arrival was more crowded in USA than Japan
c. We use more…. For adverbs that end in -ly
More slowly more seriously more quickly more carefully
Example: The number of tourist arrival icreased more quickly in USA than Japan
d. You can use -er or more… with some two syllables adjectives, especially:
Quiet clever narrow shallow simple
e. These adjective and adverbs have irregular comparative forms:
Good/well→better bad/badly→worse far→further(farther)
There was a better growth in the number of tourist arrival to USA than Brazil
f. Before comparative you can use: a lot, much, far, a bit, a little, slightly
Example: The number of tourist arrival in USA was much bigger in 2010
g. We can use repeat comparative (………and….) to say something changing
continuously
Example: The number of tourist arrival in USA become higher and higher
h. Comparison with “more/less/fewer”
Form Example
More/ less/fewer+ Noun+…..than • 5% more girls chose to read books
than to go to cinema.
• Overall more people preferred public
transport than taxi.
• Fewer mobiles phone were bought in
2013 than 2014
• Less oil was consumed in 2013 than
in 2014.

More…/…er+ than • The number of people was fewer in

2013 than in 2014.
• The transportation in Singapura was
more developed than that in
Indonesia

19
 Less (uncountable Noun) • Less money was needed for
Fewer (countable noun) education in 2013 than in 2014.
• 25% fewer people chose to travel by
train than by car

Note: Use this form to compare 2 categories

5. Superlative degree (the……….est or the most……)

a. We use …..est for short words
Long-→longest hot→hottest easy→easiest hard→hardest
b. We use most…… for longer words
most famous most boring most difficult most expensive
c. These adjectives have irregular form
Good→best bad →worst far→furthest
d. We use the before a superlative (the longest/ the most famous)

Form Example
The+most + adjectives/ the+ adjective+est • The most popular form of entertainment
in the UK was going to the cinema
• The highest common form of transport
was taking a taxi.

Note: Most→ the highest

Least→ the lowest

Use most/least especially for the general trends

Use most/least to compare 1 against other categories

20
Skill 6. Describing Process
1. Suggested Plan :
1. Introduction
(the introduction should simply state what the process is. Do not, however copy the
words used in the task instruction)
a. Paraphrase the title/topic
(the diagram explain/describing ………………………………………………..)
b. Overview
(Overall There are……stages/steps……starting/beginning with…..and
culminating/ending in)

2. Main Body
(you need to include every stage, but not every minor detail. Many of the nouns will
often be provided in the diagram, so make sure they are included in your answer.
First……..

3. Overview (optional)
A clear overview of the diagram is essential. This can appear at either the beginning
or the end of your answer.
(Overall…

2. Passive
It is suggested to use passive to describe the process or stages in the body paragraph
To be + Verb 3 (Past Participle)

Tense Form

21
 Simple Present Am/is/are+ V3 (Past Participle)
A strategic advertising plan is written
Simple Past Was/were+ V3 (Past Participle)
A strategic advertising plan was written
Present Perfect Have/has been+ V3 (Past Participle)
A strategic advertising plan has been written
Simple Future Will be+ V3 (Past Participle)
A strategic advertising plan will be written
Be going to/ can/may Am/is/are+ going to be+V3 (Past Participle)
A strategic advertising plan is going to be written

3. Sequence
1 first First of all First To begin with, initially
2. after Next Then Secondly, Thirdly, etc
3 Whilst At the same time
4 Finally

4. Exercise: Writing
a. Complete the following writing based on the diagram

Strategic and plan

• Objectives Advertising agency Selection (client)
• messages

Production and publication Client and agency Advertising agency

The diagram shows the process which advertising agencies follow to produce
advertisement. There are a total of (1) ………….in this process (2)………...with (3)…………..and
(4)…………in the (5)……………and(6)………………

(7)……..a strategic advertising plan(8)……………….(write) which contains the (9)…………..of

the advertising campaign and the (10)……………which the company wants to send to the
customer. In (11)……….., the plan(12)………..(pass)to the advertising agency creative team. These
people then work together to (13)..……………(produce) a number of possible ideas to
(14).………(choose) by the clients. (15)…………….,the clients (16)………(look) at the best ideas
and(17)…..……..(choose) the one which he or she considers most suitable. Next, this idea or
concept chosen (18)………….(take) by the creative team of the agency to (19)………….(develop)
further. The advertisement then(20)… ……..(check) together to(21)….……..(review) if more
adjustment or changes must..(22)……….(make). (23)..…….., it(24)……..(put) into production and

22
when the definitive version of the advertisement has(25)………(produce), it(26)………finally (27)
……….(publish)

b. The diagram below illustrates the typical stages of consumer goods

manufacturing, including the process by which information is feedback to earlier
stages to enable adjustment.

Write a report for a university lecture describing the process shown

Write at least 150 words

Row material Manufactured component

storage Product research

Production planning design

assembly

inspection

Market research
testing

advertising
Flow of manufacturing process packaging

flow of information feedback

dispatch

23
sales
24