~ Awémanrunsup =" stadium ~ Lve) 1a erga} iraeg nau Look at the photos and read the information. Then discuss these questions. 1. Which Tip6) for Living @ Long, Healthy Life isthe person or people in each photo practicing? Which of these tips do you practice now? Which tip(s) do you want to start practicing? 3. What are some other things people can do to live long, healthy lives? 4, Would you lke to live to be 100 ‘older? Why or why not? LIVING A LONG HEALTHY Fi pO fresh feuits and Sect Nicoya, Guanacaste, retPeer ecr] aes rene Pe ncn Renan oneMeaning FROM i) Read the information inthe T-chart Notice each word or phrase in blue and think CONTEXT about its meaning, Eon CMineeee Men are aslikely as women tolive + People have low rates of cancer and other tobe 100 years old or older. serious diseases, + Men don't have alot of stress in + A positive attitude leads toa healthier lif their lives, and stress can cause z 2 + Their diet is very healthy. it consists of alot of high blood pressure vegenbes ag OUDOr: Biuades ay Cal at sme tele preter problems exercise blood pressure ri: The face wth which your blood fons around your body lee pressure can be nomal ow argh Listen to the information. Check (v) the words and phrases in blue in the T-chart as you hear them, © Write each word or phrase in blue from exercise A next to its definition, 1. _____ (n) difficulty intife that makes you worried 2, —___(phrasalv)is made up of 3 ___ (are probably going to eae (©) things that you do often or regularly 5. —__(nptinesses 6 —___()to make something happen [goers (0) gives something or makes it available ‘ 8. ____() to stop something from happening 9. —___(n) the foods you eat regularly 10, ____n)afeeting about someone or something 4 uniTa Lesson a'D. Complete each sentence with the correct form of a word or phrase from exercise C. 1. In Okinawa, good food and healthy habits may ___ health problems, 2. My fatheralways thinks he's going to get sick, but | have a more positive Itell myself'm going to stay healthy! 3. Myagrandmotheris 90 and very healthy. | think she _____to live to 100. 4, Edhasa lot of ________in hislife right now. | think he needs to relax more, 5, Ahealthy lifestyle ______ good food, regular exercise, plenty of sleep, and time with family and friends 6. The typical Sardinian_______ includes a lot of fish and fresh vegetables. 7. Eating too many burgers can _____ health problems. 8, Smoking is a very bad ______. You should quit. 9, Today a lot of people in the United States suffer from heart Isa very common illness, 10. Grandchildren can_______ comfort and happiness to thei grandparents. B Workin a group. Discus these questions. CRITICAL THINKING REFLECTING What other cultures do you know of that have a very healthy diet? 2. What are some ways that people can prevent health problems such as heart disease and cancer? 3. Why do you think women are more likely to live to 100 than men? 4. What habits do you think can help you live a long, healthy life? 6 Find out how likely you are to live to be 100. Check (V) Yes or Nofor each question. PERSONALIZING ‘Then work with a partner and take turns asking and answering the questions. Explain your answers. Then look at the information at the bottom of the page. QUESTIONNAIRE: HOW LIKELY ARE YOU TO LIVE TO BE 1007 Yes 1. Doyou have only alittle stress in your life? 2. Does your diet include a lot offuits and vegetables? 3, Do you exercise for 30 minutes a day or more? 4, Has anyone in your family lived to be 90 or older? (ra) (ea) fe (a | Eee es «5. Ingeneral, do you have a positive attitude toward life? not 2901.29.01 a ok Aa HOW ap 'SaK, a patawsuE noK suoHsanb Jou! a4 HEMSUY HEALTHY LIVES 5Listening A Talk about Preventing Heart Disease BEFORE LISTENING Read the statements and the information below. Then listen to the beginning of a talk by a public health nurse. Choose T for True or F for False. Correct the false statements. { PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES. ‘The World Health Organization encourages employers to support healthy lifestyles for their employees. Inviting public health nurses to speak at companies is one way of doing this. 1. Public health nurses take care of ane person at a time, 2. Public health nutses take care of whole communities of people. 3. Public health nutses sometimes do their job by visiting companies 4, Tonight's talk will mostly be about the work of public health nurses. PREDICTING (B) Work with a partner. Discuss this question: Which of these topics do you expect to hear about in the talk about preventing heart disease? Check (v) your ideas. Dattitude Odiet smoking stress Oblood pressure exercise social life WHILE LISTENING checking (&) ENE Listen to the complete talk and check your predictions from exercise B. Which PREDICTIONS of the topics does the nurse include in her talk? ee men eee ‘When listening to a talk, you need to be able to identify the main ideas. The main ideas are the speaker's most important ideas, or what the talkis about. Here are some techniques you can use to help you identify main ideas: + Listen carefully to the beginning ofa talk, Most speakers will mention the main idea in thelr introduction, + Listen for repetition. Speakers often repeat key words and phrases to emphasize their main ideas. 6 uniTa Lesson a(0) (BENE ead the questions below. Then listen again and check (7) the correct_LiSTEN answers for each question MAIN IDE, NG FOR 1. What advice does the nurse give for preventing heart disease? 3 Get your blood pressure checked. Eat ahealthy diet ‘Get enough exercise C Quit smoking 1 Drink lot of water. 1 Read about heart disease. 1 Deal with stress in healthy ways 1 Don't work too much. 2, What does the nurse say are some common causes of heart disease? Thigh blood pressure 1 smoking 0. living alone C1 high blood sugar Listen again and choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence, LISTENING FOR 1. According to the nurse, iFyou have high blood pressure, you might need — to a. lose some weight b.get more sleep 2. According to healthy eating habits can keep your weight and your blood pressure down, a. medical journals b. government reports 3, To.deal with stress, the nurse suggests going fora walk or — a. practicing yoga b listening to music AFTER LISTENING ‘|F Work with a partner, Discuss these questions. CRITICAL THINKING REFLECTING 1. What new information did you lear from the talk? 2. Doyou plan to take any of the nurse's advice? Explain.W speaking Pronouncing the final s sound correctly is important in communicating clearly. For most words, an-s or es ending does not add a syllable to the word, hour hours ike likes provide» provides habit» habits Ifa word ends in an /s/, ff, 2/, /d/, oF // sound, ans or-es ending is pronounced Jez! (or faz!) and adds a syllable to the word. bus buses wash washes exercise exercises (R) BIE Read the sentences below. Underline the words that end in sor es. Write the ‘number of syllables above each word. Then listen and check your answers, 1. Frank exercises every day. He plays sports and lifts weights, 2. There are 16 doctors and 37 nurses atthe hospital 3, leat pears, peaches, and other kinds of fuit almost every day. 4. Stress causes alot of health problems. 5. The yoga class begins when the teacher closes the door. (B) Work with a partner. Take turns reading the sentences from exercise A. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the underlined words. CO ced There are many expressions to talk about frequency. Here are some: once twice + a(n) hour/ day /week/ month/year three times Frequency expressions can come at the beginning or end of a sentence exercise three times a week Twice a year, Anita takes a vacation with her family. We also use every to talk about frequency. every + hour/day/week/ month /year/ Monday /six months /five years Every Saturday, we play tennis. go tothe dentist every six months. We use questions with How often... ?t0 ask about frequency. ‘A: How often do you vist your grandparents? 8: Twicea year. A; How often does Michael go to the gym? B: Three times a week 8 UNITY Lesson 4{Worn pare oes king ad anneing thee esos Use expreionsFEnsONMLEING of frequency in your answers. How often do we have this class? How often do you see your best friend? How often do you go to the doctor? How often do you exercise? How often do you speak to your parents? wane {B) Work with a partner Look at the photo and read the information about Dr.Levine’s CRITICAL THINKING. treadmill desks. Then discuss the questions that follow. ANALYZING {James Levine ofthe Mayo Clinic says that most people do far too much sitting | nt cousect the day He ‘ivented the treadmil desk so that more people can eee cosas they work Inthe photo above, an office worker uses a treadmill desk | to walk while he works on computer, 1. Whats the man in the photo doing? 2. What effect might this have on his health? 3. How often do you take a break and move around when you are studying or working ata computer? 44, What advice might Dr Levine give? Write a fist of things you think he might tel people. Use expressions of frequency. HEALTHY Lives 9Oar eras ree Tees CRITICAL THINKING: (IE) Workin a group. Take turns interviewing each other about your exercise routines. Use APPLYING questions with How often and expressions of frequency. Take notes in the chart. kayaking oncea week/summer ‘A: What do you do to stay fit? B: Not much, but like kayaking. : Really, how often do you go kayaking? B: Aboutoncea week in the summer s F) With your group, report your findings from exercise Eto the class. Use expressions of frequency and pay attention to your pronunciation of words that end in -s and -es. > Alberto doesn't exercise much, but he likes kayaking, He goes about once a week inthe summer. 10 uniTy LessonsLESSON TASK Presenting Healthy Habits |) BEI You are going to give a presentation about your healthy habits. Listen to the example. Check (7) the four parts of the presentation as you hear them. 1. Dl Anintroduction 2. Cl Information about personal health and exercise habits 3. C1 Plans for staying healthy in the future 4. Cl Aconclusion and a thank you to the audience for listening |B Pian your presentation, Write notes to answer these questions. Remember to include ORGANIZING IDEAS the four parts listed in exercise A. 1, What do you do every day to stay healthy? 2, How often do you exercise? 3. What kinds of exercise do you do (eg. yoga, walking, jogging, and so on)? 4. How do you plan to stay healthy in the future? eee es Before giving a presentation, it’s important to practice it. This will help you with timing, pronunciation, and confidence. If possible, practice ita few times. Aska classmate, friend, or family member to listen to your presentation and provide feedback. Practicing in front of a mirror is also helpful (© Work witha partner. Take turns gving your presentations to each other fr practice. Make sure your presentation includes the four parts listed in exercise A. 1B Give your presentation to the class. PRESENTING People ride bicycles in Stanley Park, Vancouver, Canada,BEFORE VIEWING PERSONALIZING A) Youare going to watch a video about using bees to help people with certain kinds of illnesses. Discuss these questions with a partner. 1. When you are sick, do you turn to mademn medicine for help? Explain, 2. Have you ever tried traditional medicine such as acupuncture? Explain, 3. Which kind of medicine works better, modem or traditional? Explain. Work with a partner and match each word with its definition. You may use a dictionary. You will hear these words in the video. 1, nerve (n) a. an unpleasant feeling caused by an injury or illness 2. ——sting (v) b. to puta liquid into a person's blood or under the skin with aneedle 3, therapy (n) a part of the body that carries messages between the brain and other parts of the body 4. inject (v) to cut into the skin, usually with venom (poison) 5. ——pain (n) treatment of an illness over time 12 uniry vioeo“© Work with a partner. Read about two illnesses. Then discuss these questions: What do PRIOR KNOWLEDGE you know about these illnesses? Do you know anyone who has them? Miness: Multiple sclerosis (MS) Symptoms: It affects the nervous system (brain and spinal cord), so people with MS may not be able to walk, or may be in a lot of pain. Miness: Arthritis ‘Symptoms: affects the joints in the hands, knees, and other parts ofthe body. It ‘uses pain and is common in older adults | WHILE VIEWING (DEBI Watch the video. Match each person with the correct information below. UNDERSTANDING 1. Mr.Chen 2. Hso-rong Chen 3. MrChen's wife wammoens a. had arthritic pain; could not cook b. has multiple sclerosis; couldn't move for sic months cee sting therapy master; used to be afraid of bees (EEA Watch the video again and complete the sentences below with the numbers. UNDERSTANDING you hear. DETAILS 1. Every week, Mr. Chen and his assistants treat___ patients and sacrifice ___ honeybees. 2. After ____bees, you will look ___ years younger than your contemporaries 3. Many think tis based on the __-year-old practice of acupuncture. 4, After____ months, Mr. Chen's wife's red blood cell count increased. Her headache disappeared, 5. After ‘months of bee-sting therapy, Hso-rong Chen has seen a dramatic change. AFTER VIEWING (F Workin a group. Discuss these questions. CRITICAL THINKING: REFLECTING |. What information from the video did you find most surprising? Explain 2. What other kinds of traditional or natural medicine do you know about? What kinds ~~ ofillnesses do they cure? HEALTHY LIVES 1314 uniry Lesson CONTEXT Vocabulary 9. ALLERGIES What are allergies? If you have an allergy to something, you become sick, or have an allergic reaction, when you eat, smell, o touch it. Many people are alle MEANING FROM (A) EEVEIEY Look at the diagram. Then read and listen to the information. Notice each word in blue and think about its mea topollen!.The diagram below shows what happens when there is an allergic reaction to pollen. ‘pollen powder produce by loners to fart ther lowers “antibodies: subsances your body produces to fight Sense 1. First, pollen enters the body through the nose or mouth. 2.Second, the body’s immune system responds to the pollen with laE antibodies’. These antibodies attach toa mast cell. A mast cellisa cell that usually defends your body against health problems. 3.The next time the same pollen enters the body, the IgE antibodies tel” the mast cell. The mast cell ‘thinks” there isa problem and tries to defend the body. 4.When this occurs, the mast cell produces substances in the body that cause allergic reactions such as sneezing, itching, and breathing problems {B) Write each word in blue from exercise A next to its definition. 1 2 3 (0) the smallest part of an animal or plant —______ wy makes or creates (© protects happens —___(¥)to join or connect to something Wy reacts by doing somethingPrreer ras eee It often possible to guess the meaning of a new word by paying attention to the other information around it, or the context For example, inthis excerpt from exercise A, ifyou don't know the word reaction, knowing that sneezing, itching, and breathing problems are examples of reactions can help you guess its meaning. When this occurs, the mast cell produces substances in the body that cause allergic reactions such as sneezing, itching, and breathing problems. c Read and listen to the information. Notice each word in blue and think about MEANING FROM its meaning. Use the context to help you. Then write each word in blue next to its CONTEXT definition below. | ALLERGIES AND THE HYGIENE HYPOTHESIS | Many people work very hard to keep their houses clean. But can too much | cleanliness cause health problems? (One theory is that dirt is good for us. Dirt on farms, for example, contains substances that exercise our immune systems when we're very young, Research shows that allergies are not common among people who live with farm animals Of course, there are many causes of allergies. For example, if your parents have allergies, you're more likely to have them, too. The stress of modem life could be another cause. But ifthe hygiene hypothesis is correct, it might be a good idea to have a cow at your house—or atleast not to worry so much about cleanliness. | 1, —___W has something inside 2, fad usual 3, ___(n) work that involves studying something 4, _______n) an idea used to explain somethingListening A Conversation about Allergies BEFORE LISTENING BH Read part of a conversation. Then discuss the questions below with a partner. Raymond: Ive been hearing a lot more about allergies lately.| had no idea they ‘were so serious and so common! Elena: Right, and | was surprised to learn that when allergic reactions occur, the physical process is pretty much the same—whether it's a reaction to pollen or to peanuts. | 1, What is Elena surprised about? 2. Why might a food allergy, for example an allergy to peanuts, be a serious problem? WHILE LISTENING Listening For (@) EBMEEE Listen to the conversation. What two things are the speakers most concerned MAIN IDEAS about? Check (¥) your answers. Dairpollution Casthma Ci cats Ci chocolate C1 food allergies foes ‘When you take notes, you wor't have enough time to write down every word that you hear. Dont try to write full sentences, Instead, listen carefully in order to understand and write down only key words and phrases that will help you remember the most important ideas. You hear: Fortunately, lrespond wellto my asthma medication ltworks really ‘quickly, and | always take it with me. ‘Youwrite: asthma medication, works quickly nore taKine (@) MBNB Listen again. Take notes using only key words and phrases to answer each ‘question. 1. When are Elena's seasonal allergies a problem for her? ering + early summer _ 2. Which things are bad for Elena's asthma? 3, What kind of food policy does the speakers’ campus have? 4, When did the number of people with food allergies grow quickly? 5, What percentage of children have food allergies nowadays? ——_____ 16 UNIT? LessonsAFTER LISTENING | CRITICAL THINKING _ Interpreting Visuals | Visuals, such as graphs, maps, charts, and infographics, are used to show information ina clear way. To interpreta visual, fst ookat the ttle. Then use the legend or key | to understand what the diferent colors, symbols, and other elements mean. For line Lookat the bar graph and discuss the questions below with a partner. CRITICAL THINKING INTERPRETING A BAR GRAPH re aes 257 i o-syeons aol Mlls-syees Hhic-17 years 4 g 210 Food allergy Skin allergy Respiratory allergy’ Souce: Centers or Disease Caruoland Prevention "Respiratory allergies) aerles that are caused by pln, ust pets et \What does this bar graph show? \What does the vertical axis show? What does the horizontal axis show? What information does the yellaw bar show? Which isthe most common type of allergy among children 0-4 years old? Which age group suffers the most from respiratory allergies? Which type of allergy is more common among children 5-9 years old: skin allergies or respiratory allergies? 7. Which type of allergy shows the smallest difference between age groups? 8. What percentage of children between 10-17 years old have a food allergy? PMaAeNe JE Discuss these questions with your partner. PERSONALIZING 1, Do you or people you know have any allergies? Explain. 2. What information from the bar graph surprises you? 3, The speakers from the conversation mentioned a campus food policy. Do you think it’s important for organizations to have policies lke this? Explain. 4, Do you think this information about food allergies will affect your life? For example, ag will you think or do anything differently? Explain. WEALTHY Lives 17Keeping a conversation going is considered polite and is an important skil in social and business situations. Here are some ways to help keep a conversation going: + Show the speaker that you are listening and are interested in what they are saying, ‘A: Im going to Australia this summer. B:Oh, really? That’ interesting! + Ask 2 follow-up question about something the speaker sad What are you going to do there? Hows the weather there in July? + Avoid yes/no questions, Use wh- questions instead. Wh- questions require speakers to give more information in their answers. What do you think about that? How often do you take a vacation? EVERYDAY LANGUAGE Asking about Personal Experience Do you know anything about... What about you? Have you ever...? Does anyone in your family...? Read the conversation. Then practice itwith a partner. really enjoy listening to live music. Really? Where do you go for live music? Sometimes | go to concerts. My brother played in a school concert last Saturday. That sounds nice. What instrument does he play? ‘He plays two—guitar and mandolin. Wow. That's great! What about you? Do you play any instruments? KEEPING A (B) With your partner, take turns suggesting topics from the box below, or choose CONVERSATION your own ideas. Practice keeping the conversation going, Use the information and GOING questions from the Speaking Skill and Everyday Language boxes to help you. education ftiendship interesting places/travel_— music sports exercise healthy food —_jobs/careers, phone apps your idea Let's talk about interesting places. (OK. Whar interesting places have you visited? Well | went fo Costa Rica with my sister ast summer. twas amazing! Really? What did you do there? 18 UNITS LessonsFINAL TASK Particip about Health You are going to participate in a group discussion about heaith. You will choose a cuss and practice keeping the tion going, A) Work ina small group. Read the information about participating in a group discussion. Then choose one of the topics from the chart below for your group to discus. 1p discussions are common in academic and professional settings. Here are | seme tes for parlpating ina group discussion: | + Participate. Everyone in the group is responsible for contributing ideas and keeping the discussion going, + Speak clearly so others can hear you and understand your ideas. « Pay attention and show interest when other people are speaking, fone in the group has an opportunity to speak. | + Make sure ev ke notes, or choose someone to be the “secretary,” or note taker, group. What are somethings | Whydoppeopleturnto—_-Whatare your experiences people candointheir ‘bee therapy andother —_withallergies? eg, Do you dally ves to prevent heart typesof ‘or someone you know disease? medicine? have them?) B) Take a few minutes to think about your group's topic and what you would like to say ORGANIZING IDEAS aboutiit during the discussion. Write down key words and phrases in your notebook to help you remember your ideas. oe eaten) poo orcas re ree eny cosPeet atid Ree ue? CRITICAL THINKING: [&) Discuss your topic with your group for 4-5 minutes. Try to keep the discussion going, APPLYING. Remember to: 1. Show your group members that you are listening and are interested, 2. Ask questions to follow up on your group members’ statements, Use wh- questions to encourage discussion. A [think people tum to traditional medicine because it seerns more natural than modern medicine. 8: That's interesting, How do you feel about traditional medicine? A Ithinkitcan be helpful in some cases, but ve never tried it. What about you? C: Mycousin has had acupuncture and says it works. CRITICAL THINKING: () Discus these questions with your group. REFLECTING 1. Was your group able to discuss the topic completely in 4-5 minutes? Did you have more to say, or not enough to say in that amount of time? 2. Didall of the members of your group have a chance to share their ideas? 3, Did everyone show interest and use follow-up expressions to encourage discussion? 4, Was this discussion activity easy or difficult for you? Explain. REFLECTION 1. Which skil in this unit was most useful for you? Why? 3, Here are the vocabulary words and phrases from the Unit. Check (¥) the ones you can use. Catach am Dcontain Cproduce Datttudem defend Dprovide 2. What information about health from this unit will you Db likely Odiet research am eee Deause Ddisease respond at Deel habit Distress om Deommon Dloccuram Ditheory am 20 unirs Dconsist ofam prevent