- Explain type of input and output device

- Booting the computer, common start up error and their remedies

- Demonstrate keyboard layout and functions of different keys

- Demonstrate proper shut down of computer

- identifying the different hardware parts in the computer

- determining the configuration of the pc

- demonstrate procedure for installation, replacement, maintenance procedures for hard disk and
other peripherals

- explain the need for keeping a backup of all data on ships

1. Type of Input and Output Devices:

Input devices are used to provide data or commands to a computer system. Common types include
keyboards, mice, scanners, and touchscreens. Output devices, on the other hand, display or produce
information processed by the computer. Examples include monitors, printers, speakers, and
headphones. Understanding the different types of input and output devices is crucial for effectively
interacting with computer systems. For further study, "A+ Guide to IT Technical Support" by Jean
Andrews provides a comprehensive introduction to computer hardware, including input and output
devices.

2. Booting the Computer and Common Start-Up Errors:

Booting refers to the process of starting up a computer system. During this phase, the computer
performs a series of self-tests and loads the operating system into memory. However, start-up errors
can occur due to various reasons such as hardware issues, software conflicts, or incorrect
configurations. Being aware of common start-up errors and their remedies is essential for
troubleshooting computer problems. "CompTIA A+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide" by Mike
Meyers is a recommended resource that covers booting processes and troubleshooting techniques
in detail.

3. Keyboard Layout and Functions of Different Keys:

A keyboard is a primary input device for most computer users. Understanding the layout and
functions of different keys on a keyboard is necessary for efficient typing and navigation. Keyboards
can have variations in layout, such as QWERTY or AZERTY, and include special keys like Function (F)
keys, control keys, and multimedia keys. Learning the keyboard layout and functions helps in
improving typing speed and using shortcuts. "The Complete Idiot's Guide to Computer Terms" by Joe
Kraynak is a beginner-friendly book that covers keyboard basics and provides an overview of
computer terminology.

4. Proper shutdown of computer:

 To shut down a computer properly, it is recommended to close any open programs and save
any unsaved work before proceeding.
 Click on the Start button in the bottom left corner of the screen, then select the Power
option.
 From the drop-down menu, choose the Shut Down option to initiate the shut down process.
 Wait for the computer to turn off completely before disconnecting any power cords or
shutting off the power source.

5. Identifying different hardware parts in the computer:

 The main hardware components of a computer include the central processing unit (CPU),
random access memory (RAM), hard disk drive (HDD), graphics card, and motherboard.
 Other important hardware parts include the power supply unit (PSU), optical drive, sound
card, and various input/output devices like a keyboard, mouse, and monitor.
 Identifying these hardware parts can be done visually by opening up the computer case and
inspecting the internal components.
 Alternatively, there are software tools available that can provide detailed information about
the hardware configuration of a computer.

5. Determining the configuration of the PC:

  The configuration of a PC refers to the hardware and software setup of the computer.
 To determine the hardware configuration, you can access the computer's BIOS or UEFI
settings, which provide information about the installed RAM, CPU, hard drives, and other
hardware components.
 Software tools like CPU-Z or Speccy can also provide detailed information about the
hardware configuration of a PC.
 To determine the software configuration, you can go to the Control Panel or Settings in
Windows and access the System section, which provides information about the operating
system version, installed software, and system specifications.

6. Types of Computer Central Processing Unit (CPU) Processors, RAM, ROM:

- CPU Processors: There are two main types of CPU processors - the Central Processing Unit
(CPU) and the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). The CPU is responsible for executing
instructions and performing calculations, while the GPU focuses on graphics and image-related
tasks.
- RAM (Random Access Memory): RAM is a type of memory that provides temporary storage for
data that the CPU needs to access quickly. It allows for faster data retrieval compared to other
types of storage such as hard drives. Common types of RAM include DDR3 and DDR4.
- ROM (Read-Only Memory): ROM is a type of memory that contains instructions or data that
cannot be modified or erased once it is programmed. It is mainly used to store firmware or
bootstrap code that is necessary for booting up a computer.

6. Installation, replacement, and maintenance procedures for hard disk and peripherals:

- When installing a hard disk, ensure that the computer is powered off and unplugged. Open the
computer case and locate the appropriate slot for the hard disk. Connect the necessary cables
and mount the hard disk securely. Power on the computer and format the hard disk as needed.
- To replace a hard disk, follow the same steps as installation but also make sure to back up the
data from the old hard disk before removing it. Transfer the backed-up data to the new hard
disk once it is installed.
- Regular maintenance procedures for hard disks include periodic disk cleaning, software
updates, and disk defragmentation to ensure optimal performance.
- For other peripherals such as printers or external drives, installation usually involves
connecting the necessary cables and installing any required drivers or software.

- Installation: To install a new hard disk, open the computer case, locate an available drive bay,
and connect the hard disk to the motherboard using data and power cables. Screw the hard
disk into place and close the computer case. For other peripherals, consult the manufacturer's
instructions for specific installation steps.
- Replacement: To replace a faulty or outdated hard disk, follow a similar process as installation.
However, before removing the old hard disk, ensure all necessary data is backed up and the
computer is powered off. Replace the old hard disk with the new one, connect all necessary
cables, and power on the computer.
- Maintenance: Regular maintenance of hard disks and other peripherals involves keeping them
clean and dust-free, checking for any loose connections, and performing regular software
updates or driver installations as needed.
7. Need for keeping a backup of all data on ships:

- A backup of all data on ships is crucial for several reasons. First, it serves as a safeguard against
data loss due to hardware failure or human error. Second, in case of a malware or ransomware
attack, having a backup can help restore the system without compromising important data.
- Additionally, ships are often at risk of accidents or natural disasters, and having a backup
ensures that critical data can be recovered if the onboard systems are damaged.
- Furthermore, data backups are essential for compliance with industry regulations and
standards.
- Regular backup procedures should be implemented, such as scheduled automatic backups and
redundant storage systems.