Digital Literacy

AMONG SENIOR CITIZENS

IN INDIA

A Research Project under

Symbiosis Social Involvement Program (SSIP)

Funded by RUSA
 Digital Literacy
Among Senior Citizens
in India

A RESEARCH PROJECT UNDER

SYMBIOSIS SOCIAL INVOLVEMENT
PROGRAM (SSIP)
Funded by RUSA
 Digital Literacy
Among Senior Citizens
in India
ISBN Number: 978-81-964544-1-8

First Edition - 2023

c : Symbiosis College of Arts and Commerce

Publisher
Principal

Symbiosis College of Arts and Commerce

Address: Senapati Bapat Road, Pune - 411004
Email: [email protected]
Phone No.: (020) 256 53 903
Website: symbiosiscollege.edu.in

Printed at
Gayatri Graphics
Pune

For Private Circulation Only

All Rights Reserved. The information in this report has been obtained from
sources we believe to be reliable and accurate. No part of this report may be
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means - electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise - without
prior written permission of the creator(s) and the publisher.
 Preface

Having grown up around grandparents and senior communities, we

have all been beneficiaries of the vast knowledge and experience that
our elderly possesses. We have also been witness to the unique
challenges and lack of resources that are a recurring hinderance in this
journey of ageing.

Historically, communities, families and societies have always lent a

shoulder to the ageing, but as the youth embrace the journey of
becoming digital nomads and migrate across the globe, our seniors find
themselves in unwilling social isolation- existing on the periphery of
technological changes and improvements; rarely being able to benefit,
enjoy or better their own lived experiences via technology.

We embarked on this research project with the objective of bringing our

elderly within the digital fold, enabling them to lead independent and
dignified lives while partaking in the ease and comfort that technology
today offers. Numerous hours of desk research and brainstorming
sessions helped us distil our scope, objectives and recommendations
enclosed within.

Our aim to study the digital literacy of seniors in our country was not
only to bridge the digital divide but also because we fundamentally
believe that digital platforms will add value to the lives of seniors. Daily
tasks performed by them will be simplified- ordering groceries from
online delivery stores, booking cabs or making bank or UPI payments
will become faster and hassle free when done digitally.

Just like children, seniors also display a keenness to learn and a curiosity
about the new-age technologies. Building trust-worthy environments
that address their concern with care and understanding, was as crucial
as making them digitally literate to fully revolutionize the way elderly
view and use technology.

The physical fortitude of onboarding everyone on this digitally journey

was near impossible in an offline setting; which is where online trainings
led by our student volunteers was the best, most sustainable solution.
This of course, is a stepping stone to our long-term vision of creating self-
sustaining digital communities led by seniors themselves to share
technical knowledge on their individual niche technical interests.

i
Our Research also branches into the financial literacy and social health
and well-being of our seniors to draw a comprehensive study and
analysis of their lifestyle, interests and behaviors. This helped us create
nuanced recommendations and serve our elderly better.

At the onset of our research, we had an inkling that garnering

overwhelming responses from our seniors, spread across the country
could be a daunting task. Nevertheless, we were able to successfully
leverage the vast student network of Symbiosis and gather 450+
responses in just one week.

In the on-field exercise of getting pan-India responses, not only did we

engage in valuable conversations about the seniors’ perceptions,
anxieties and small victories in the online space but also carried back
some heartwarming conversations that motivated us to pursue this
cause further.

Lastly, dear reader, we thank you for picking up this research and
engaging with this undertaking. We hope this cause resonates with you,
with as much enthusiasm as it did for us. In our shared optimism for
making technology accessible to senior citizens, we humbly urge you to
actively participate in helping, guiding and supporting our elderly to the
best of your capability.

Symbiosis Social Involvement Programme

ii
About Symbiosis College of Arts and Commerce

Symbiosis is one of India’s leading educational institutions, imparting

quality education across diverse verticals for over five decades. The term
Symbiosis is a botanical term meaning “different species living together
for mutual benefit”. What started off as “The Symbiosis International
Cultural Centre” in 1971 has grown exponentially to more than 60
institutions in the last 50 years.
The Symbiosis College of Arts & Commerce (SCAC) is a member of this
illustrious educational group which was born in 1983. It is an
autonomous college affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU)
offering Under Graduate, Post Graduate and Ph.D. programmes in the
field of Arts and Commerce. We are proud to have been granted
Academic Autonomy in 2012 from UGC and were conferred status of
'College with Potential for Excellence' (CPE) in 2016 by UGC. We were
accredited A grade in the previous two cycles of NAAC and Reaccredited
'A+' with 3.51 CGPA out of 4 in the Third Cycle. We have also been the
beneficiary of Rs. 5 crores under RUSA 2.0 Component 8 for
implementing quality initiatives in Higher Education. The latest
milestone has been that we have been granted “Empowered
Autonomous College” status by UGC from the year 2023-24 onwards.
Our 4 year UG degree programme under the new National Education
Policy offer specializations in Marketing, Human Resource Management,
Banking, Costing, Entrepreneurship, Economics, English and
Psychology. We also offer integrated Professional Programmes in
collaboration with professional chartered bodies in the UK like the
Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) Chartered
Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) and Institute of Analytics
(IOA). We offer PG Programmes in Commerce, Economics, English and
Psychology and PhD Programmes in Commerce, Economics &
Psychology. The Centres for Study of Liberal Arts, Skill Development and
Innovation & Entrepreneurship are vibrant hubs of student activity
promoting critical thinking skills, entrepreneurial mindsets and
acquisition of important soft and industry relevant skills.
We have multiple international collaborations with universities around
the world leading to student and faculty exchange programmes, joint
online academic programmes, scholars in residence and much more.
Our Campus Placement has broken all previous records resulting in over
200 placements with renowned global corporates in the last academic
year. Our students are our strength and our pride. They come from every
corner of the country and the world, and we strive to empower them
with skills, knowledge and wisdom to make a better world.

iii
 From the Founder's Desk

Dr. Shantaram Balwant Mujumdar

Founder and President,
Symbiosis

The Symbiosis College of Arts and Commerce (SCAC) has undertaken an

initiative on an important issue, namely “Digital Literacy among Senior
Citizens”. I am happy to see the results of the hard work and dedication
of our students and faculty.
This project is an example of the sincere research that takes place at
SCAC, where our scholars are engaged in exploring new ideas and
finding solutions to the most pressing issues of our time. Our
commitment to excellence in research will be reflected in the quality of
work presented in the research report.
Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens is a subject I am deeply
passionate about and feel pleased to see the endeavour come to life
through our students.
The definition of ‘literacy’ has changed over the years, and in today’s
world, a truly literate person is one who can navigate the digital world for
one’s needs, growth and continuous learning.
Parents are left to lead lives in isolation when their children migrate for
work or education to distant places. It is of paramount importance for
the youth to bring our senior citizens into the digital fold and help them
manoeuvre the highways of technology. This is a key objective our
students hope to achieve through this research project and the ensuing
volunteering exercises.

I give my blessings to the students for this

project and pledge full support from the
Symbiosis community.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens iv

 From the Principal's Desk

Dr. Hrishikesh Soman

Principal,
Symbiosis College of Arts and
Commerce

The older generation is an embodiment of experience and wisdom.

They possess knowledge about the Gita, Veda, Scriptures and Life. They
are a guiding light for the future generations. The Digital World can be a
means to exchange valuable information across generations and inspire
the youth to stay connected to their roots in this dynamic world.

The ancestral knowledge that the senior citizens have and the modern
technical know-how that the younger generations possess, should be
exchanged and shared for mutual benefit and well-being.

Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens would help foster such an

inclusive environment, and would also provide an opportunity for the
youth to learn about the culture and traditions being passed on by our
elders.

I wholeheartedly support the initiative

undertaken by our students of Symbiosis
Social Involvement Programme (SSIP) in
promoting this cause and making senior
citizens a central part of culture and
society to benefit everyone.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens v

 From the Vice Principal's Desk

Dr. Tessy Thadathil

Vice Principal,
Symbiosis College of Arts and
Commerce

Promoting wellbeing at all ages is important to

sustainable living.

With fast paced technology and life getting increasingly digital, senior
citizens find themselves sidelined in their communities, landing
themselves in challenging situations. Discrimination on the basis of age
is very often disguised and can go unnoticed in the flurry of everyday
routines. But it is a growing issue that needs to be tackled on a priority
basis, and whom else to entrust it to, than our own youth.
The Symbiosis Social Initiative Programme (SSIP) seeks to undertake
social initiatives to foster wellbeing of marginalized groups. We are
extremely happy to have received tremendous support from our
management, principal, faculty and students in conducting this survey
research under the aegis of SSIP, to find out the level of digital literacy
among senior citizens.
The funding from Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) was
extremely important for completion of this project.
There is one person I would like to make a special mention of is, and that
is Mr. Rajeev Goel, the faculty mentor for this project. His industry
experience, commitment, sincerity and equation with the students
helped anchor this project and see it through to completion. I, on behalf
of the SSIP team of Dr Sheena Mathews, Dr. Sharayu Bhakare, Dr. Zakira
Shaikh and Dr Neha Agashe, would like to thank all who have made this
study possible, and each and every student and senior citizen who
contributed to this project. We look forward to planning and executing
numerous initiatives in the forthcoming year for the wellbeing of senior
citizens.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens vi

 Mentor Speak

Rajeev Goel

Faculty Mentor,
Symbiosis College of Arts and
Commerce

Growing old is a natural, biological process that all individuals go

through. Higher health awareness coupled with modern medicine has
modified this process of ageing to a point where longevity & life
expectancy is constantly increasing and changing India’s population
demographics.
As people live longer, they are living more isolated lives due to nuclear
families, urbanisation & children migration. While the youth has found
avenues to connect online, it is imperative that seniors lead a connected
and healthy life. To overcome these challenges brought about by age
and social construct, our seniors need support which digital
technologies, advancing & changing at a rapid pace can fulfil & have far
greater reach than is possible purely in the physical world.
Our students in Symbiosis, who are born digital natives, understood the
scale of positive impact that can be created by having digitally literate
seniors. This came out from their experiences during covid where they
served as tech bellwethers for the seniors in their family.
The research was done to understand first hand the level of digital
literacy, how it is being used, pitfalls being faced and how the student
community can come together to enhance the digital experience of our
seniors in a safe, credible & trustworthy environment.
It was an honour to work with my students on this research, a great
opportunity provided by Symbiosis, and support from our Principal Dr.
Soman, and constant guidance from Dr. Tessy Thadathil, our Vice
Principal to complete this research.
Digital Technologies provide personalization,
connectedness, community fostering, fulfilment of services,
information & our seniors can embrace, take advantage
that digital devices provide to lead a healthy life.
Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens vii
 TABLE
OF

CONTENTS
1 Significance of this Research 1-7

2 Research Objectives 8-9

India and Global

3 Demographic Trends
10-13

Exploring the
4 Digital Landscape
14-16

Leveraging Technology
5 for Ageing Well
17-23
 Research Methodology and
6 24-28
Data Collection

7 Major Findings 29-33

8 Conclusion 34-38

9 References 39-40

10 Annexure 41-49
 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THIS

RESEARCH
(jīvanaṃ jaladasya tattvajñānam)
"Life is like a water drop;
wisdom is its essence."
This quote emphasises the importance of wisdom in life and
suggests that just as a water drop is fleeting, so too is life.
However, the essence of life, like the essence of a water drop, is
wisdom. This quote encourages us to embrace the process of
ageing as an opportunity to gain wisdom through life experiences.
As we age, we accumulate knowledge and experience, which can
help us live a more fulfilling life and make a positive impact on
those around us. This quote reminds us that even though our
physical abilities may decline with age, our capacity for wisdom
and understanding can continue to grow.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 01

01
 These challenges, which could be
*

physical or mental, are further

aggravated due to the fast changing *

technology and digitalisation which

Ageing
got compounded because of the
pandemic.
While Covid boosted the pace of
is a natural and an inevitable process digitalization, we, the younger
- a true celebration of our life and generation, got busy catching up
experiences. It does mean that one with the trends and adapting to the
may not feel at one's youthful best technological changes in the society.
physically, but one is at a greater We were quite successful at this
advantage in terms of experience, transition, but we realised that the
emotional strength and wisdom. ones left behind were our seniors.
However, there is no denying the While we were busy building social
fact that elders, referred to as senior connections digitally, our seniors are
citizens ( in the age bracket of 60+) still struggling to catch up with our
face numerous challenges in the
digital pace and socialise with us.
modern world.

Anecdotes
from They want to belong, they want to learn, they want a
piece of our time and they are also willing to change
our their lifestyles.
They just need a little bit of our help and support.
Students
“Ilike spending time with my
grandparents. Years after “I've observed that “I know for a fact that
retirement they are often lonely even smartest of being able to use even
and lose touch with friends and the aged people basic WhatsApp makes
family members. Not having my grandma happy.
tend to struggle
anyone whom they can spend
with making use of This makes her feel that
time with makes it worse. I
the most basic of she is a part of the fast
believe digital literacy will help
them in staying in touch with modern technology oriented
their loved ones and motivate technology”. lifestyle and that she
each other to be happy.” can send me WhatsApp
Sanjana Bajaj, FY texts daily.”
Dolly Rawat, FY BA
BCOM
Smriti, SY BCOM

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 02

 Socialising is not the only issue have retired and have lifetime
concerning the elders. With fast savings in their bank accounts.
growing technology, the banks They are a vulnerable group
have started extending their targeted by cyber criminals. This
financial services online which has increases their fear of becoming a
smoothened the banking victim of cyber fraud.
experience. Due to the lack of These observations highlighted
digital literacy the seniors have not the severity of the issue and we
been able to exploit this advantage decided to carry out extensive
of accessibility to banking services secondary research on the state
provided through digitalisation. of digital literacy among senior
Our seniors are mostly people who citizens in India. Our observations:

The World Health

Organization (WHO) has Ageism is Real!
described this “the stereotypes (how we think), prejudice (how we feel) and
multifaceted social discrimination (how we act) directed towards others or oneself
phenomenon as ageism:
based on age”

In the year 2050, Decade of

healthy ageing Declared by
UN
2020 2030

one in every five The Indian

Indian will be a Government is
senior citizen running schemes,
under the aegis of
400 the Ministry of
19% Social Justice and
300
Empowerment.

200 The Ministry of Social Justice and

8% Empowerment has projected that the
100
Indian Elder population will grow from
110 million to 320 million, which as a
0
2019 2050 percentage of population is 8% to 19%.

This information gave us an idea This drove us to contemplate on

on how huge the issue actually is conducting awareness and training
and how extensively the Indian drives and building a safe and
Government has been working on trustworthy environment for our
it. elders.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 03

 In our meeting with the Principal
Dr. Hrishikesh Soman, he talked
about the knowledge repository
that the senior citizens have and
with the available digital
technologies, how best we can
capture this knowledge.
This bolstered our enthusiasm to
conduct primary research to
understand digital literacy among
seniors.
We decided to understand the
extent of the problem at the
ground level and to gauge first
hand the need for digital literacy
among seniors. We organised an
event on digital literacy for the
With the possibility of helping our senior citizens in the SCAC
seniors be digitally literate, we campus.
reached out to the Founder of The event was held on 29th March,
Symbiosis, Dr. S. B. Mujumdar.
2023 at the Symbiosis College of
Arts and Commerce, auditorium in
offline and online mode.

“It's no longer about

literacy, it's about
digital literacy.
There are people who are
quite literate and have
retired from senior positions,
but are not digitally savvy.”

Dr. S. B. Mujumdar,
Founder of Symbiosis

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 04

Given the importance of Digital security in this age of Cyber Crimes,
police officers from Pune Cyber Crime Branch were invited. PSI Mr.
Chandrashekhar Sawant and Police Constable Mr. Anil Gajanan Pundalik
helped raise awareness about cyber safety, the need to protect our
personal data and the various ways in which online frauds are
committed and ways to safeguard oneself.
Key messages from Cyber Crime
The police personnel
Department
highlighted the importance of
being prudent, sceptical and Keenagers! Be alert when using your
extremely careful when bank card for payments.
Ensure you get your own bank card back
navigating the digital world.
after making payments
They cited various examples All OTPs should'nt be shared, especially
where senior citizens had lost OTPs for banking transactions
their life's savings to online The digital scam helpline number is 1930
scams and frauds. Visit our website www.cybercrime.gov.in

PSI Chandrashekhar
PC Mr. Anil Pundalik
Sawant

Be prudent, be sceptical, be alert while navigating the

digital world!

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 05

The event provided a platform for Elder members of the community to
come & share their digital journey. They also got a chance to hear from
other seniors about how they had bridged the digital divide, providing
other seniors comfort in the knowledge that “if they can do it, we can also
do it”. Seniors also got to expand their knowledge by engaging in
conversation with other seniors & the student community.

Mr. Rajani Kant Pandey,

Mr. Malik Mukhtar, father of our
former principal of an
college student, joined us virtually
engineering college and
via Google Meet all the way from
grandfather of our student
Srinagar and interacted with us
took to the stage to tell us
about his own experience using
how, the entire world is
digital devices. In a candid
quite literally in the palm of
conversation, he told how he relies
our hands- because of
heavily on his son to navigate the
mobile phones and digital
various applications and feels the
devices. He dwelled on
need to operate and learn digital
how the current form of
devices to be independent. He
technology is in stark
spoke to the audience, telling
contrast to his former days
them how he used YouTube for
without any internet. He
learning new things and keeping
highlighted the comfort of
himself entertained. He also spoke
being able to
about how impressive it was to see
communicate digitally,
money being transferred from one
order groceries online,
place to another in the shortest
listen to music as well as
span imaginable and how it had
access healthcare - all
brought immense ease and peace
while sitting in the comfort
to his life.
of his home.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 06

The turnout for the event was This brought about awareness
truly overwhelming! We hosted about the primary research being
around 70+ senior citizens along undertaken among the broader
with 25 student volunteers and student community.
several members of the faculty. It With this idea we embarked on a
was a lively atmosphere and we primary study to find the level of
also witnessed participation from digital literacy amongst senior
students across the college, citizens in India.
some of whom could not be
seated because of the packed
venue.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 07

 RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES
Main
Objective
of this
To understand the state
Study
of digital literacy among
senior citizens, their
financial literacy and the
impact of digitalization on
their social life, health
and well-being.

Understanding the level of digital literacy will help us identify areas where
seniors require technical upskilling and online support.
Understanding the level of financial literacy will enable us to provide
solutions for better financial management, achieved by proper utilisation
of internet banking, trading, etc.
Understanding the current loneliness, health problems and other social
issues faced by seniors will help us find ways to socially engage our senior
community online and help foster connections and relationships.
The primary data collected in this study will be used to understand the
needs of our seniors and help build self-sustaining communities where
their issues will be addressed and resolved with a spirit of collaboration
and service.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 08 08

 Demographic
details
Main areas
on
which
Access to internet
& device
ownership
the
Understanding study
the current level
of digital literacy focussed

Usage of digital
devices for daily
needs
Health Conditions
& mental well
being

Support required
Gauging interest
on their digital
in being a part of
journey
future endeavours
to promote digital
literacy

The study was conducted pan India targeting the population in the age
group 60+. As our Symbiosis student community comes from all over the
country, it was convenient to conduct a survey amongst the elders in our
immediate family/friends. This facilitated collection of data points from
elders who felt safe sharing their information.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 09

 INDIA & GLOBAL
DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS
KEY DEMOGRAPHIC FACTS & TRENDS
The global phenomenon of ageing is much faster now than ever. In 2020,
the number of people aged 60 and above outnumbered children
younger than 5 years. By the year 2050, the world’s population aged 60
and above will double. This raises a pertinent question for countries world
wide - how do we assist, protect and empower this vulnerable group?
Source: ITU hub

Globally By 2030, ^ ^
in billions 2020
1.5

1
2050
0.5

0 0 1 2 3
2020 2050
1 in 6 people The population aged The number of persons aged
in the world 60 years and over will 80 years or older is expected
will be aged increase from 1 billion to triple between 2020 and
60 years or in 2020 to 1.4 billion by 2050 to reach 426 million
over 2050

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 10

In India, the statistical data follows similar trends. 10.7% of the total
population is aged 60 and above, and the numbers are only rising. The
life expectancy after the age of 60 is another 18.8 years - a clear indicator
that modern medicine and facilities are now enabling people to live
longer.

^
Others
25.4%

Pension
42.5%

Job market
23.1%

A small percentage 42.5% of senior 70.8% of the older

of the senior citizen citizens in India population reside in
population in India receive pensions and rural India, with
live alone (4.9%), 23.1% are still active in 29.2% being urban
while the majority the job market dwellers. (2015 data)
of the elderly
population live with
their children (71%)
Source:WHO Data Platform

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 11

 Ageing, although a natural phenomenon, comes with its own
set of challenges, like decline in physical health, reducing
social circles and increased feelings of loneliness, anxiety and
stress. Changing sleep patterns and appetite, lack of interest
in daily activities and general downfall of physical and mental
health.

The challenges faced by senior citizens are twofold. As

mentioned above they face health related issues that only
aggravate with age. Most senior citizens experience hearing
loss, blindness or vision impairment, lower back pain and
falls. The data shows an upward trend in these health
conditions, with 100% blindness and vision impairment being
recorded for age groups 90+. On the other hand, they also

AGEISM experience age-related discrimination by society: data from

2014 recorded a crude prevalence of ageist attitude towards
senior citizens at a whopping 79.5%.

Ageism - discrimination and stereotyping on the basis of age. One

experiences it when anyone assumes they're "too old" for something,
instead of finding out who they are and what they're capable of.
All prejudices are based on the idea of othering someone. Other race,
other gender, other nationality. The strange thing about ageism, that
other is us. Ageism is prejudice against our own future selves.
Ageism feeds on denial. Our reluctance to accept that we are, one day
we are going to become that older person. It manifests itself when we
believe in anti-aging products, or when we feel our bodies are
betraying us simply because they are changing.
In the work force- age discrimination is rampant. The personal and
economic consequences are devastating. Not one stereotype about
older persons in the workplace holds up under scrutiny. We know that
companies that have diversity in manpower aren't just better places to
work- they work better. And just like race and gender, age is a criteria
for diversity too.
Longevity is a fundamental hallmark of human progress. By the year
2050, one in 5 of us will be over age 60. All these older people represent
a vast, unprecedented and untapped market and yet capitalism and
urbanisation have propelled age bias into every corner of the globe.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 12

 HEALTHY AGEING
*

The World Health Organization

defines healthy ageing as "the process of

developing and maintaining the functional
ability that enables well-being in older age."

Healthy ageing refers to maintaining good health and functioning. As one

grows older this includes a person’s ability to:
• meet his/her basic needs;
• learn, grow and make decisions;
• maintain mobility;
• build and maintain relationships; and
• contribute to society.

In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on healthy ageing as the
world's population ages. The growing aged population faces unique
challenges of their own - in workplaces, they face discrimination and
alienation. They are not offered opportunities that they are capable of
performing and are almost always kept out of the workforce after the age of
60. Daily ordinary activities like getting groceries, health check up and
conveyance require extra effort or assistance, which is not always readily
available.
The United Nations’ Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021–2030) is a global
collaboration, aligned with the last ten years of the Sustainable Development
Goals, to improve the lives of older people, their families, and the
communities in which they live. This highlights how we have a global need to
encourage digital literacy among senior citizens so that they can lead
confident and independent lives in today’s fast paced environment.

Their needs may differ according to their circumstances, but the fact remains
- senior citizens are a vulnerable group that must be protected and
empowered.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 13

 EXPLORING
THE

DIGITAL LANDSCAPE
Internet Access and Use
The Internet and new technologies may
represent a chance for social
inclusion,empowerment,and improvement of
the quality in the lives of many citizens.
However, demographic and sociocultural
differences often push senior citizens toward
social and digital exclusion.
*
Internet Use in India in 2023
There were 692.0 million internet
users in India in January 2023.
India's internet penetration rate
stood at 48.7 percent of the total
population at the start of 2023.
Out of the 692 million active
internet users in India, 351 million
were from rural India and 341
from urban Indian. The report
estimates that there will be 900
million internet users in India by
2025.
The charts show the purpose of
internet access and the devices
used to access internet by Indian
internet users.

A large fraction of Indian households are connected to the internet. This is

due to the cheaper data plans and increased availability of smartphones
which have helped people get access to services online. This has led to an
increase in online shopping, social media usage, e-commerce, and other
digital activities which have improved India’s economy as well as society at
large.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 14

 The Gender Digital Divide
The Gender Digital Divide refers to
women and girls lacking access to, use
and development of information
communication technologies (ICTs).
Social norms refer to responsibilities,
roles and behaviours associated with
being a man or a woman.
Data on the use of the internet in India indicates that in comparison
with 58% male internet users, female users are only 42% (ICUBE 2020).
Data for first-time users of the internet shows a stark contrast between
men who have used the internet at 57.1% compared with women at
33.3%.
According to the “Digital 2023: India” report, 67.5% of India’s total
Internet users used at least one social media platform. Of these social
media users, 26.5% were female and 73.5% were male. The chart below
shows the percentage of male and female audience exposed to Social
Media Platform Ads.

The Age Digital Divide

The digital divide is particularly
pronounced when it refers to citizens 60
years of age or older. In fact, increased age
is often associated with decreased levels of
Internet access, limited use of digital
devices, and patterns of digital connection.
The graph from the “Digital and Social
Media Landscape in India” shows the age
distribution in Internet users in 2019. Out of
290 million social media users, 52.3% were
Millennials, 28.4% were Gen Z, and 15.1%
were in the age 35-44.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 15

 Mobile connections in India in 2023
GSM Association is a non-profit industry organization. It is a definitive
source of mobile industry insights, forecasts and research, used around
the world.
Data from GSMA Intelligence shows that there were 1.10 billion cellular
mobile connections in India at the start of 2023. However, note that
many people around the world make use of more than one mobile
connection. For example, they might have one connection for personal
use, and another one for work – so it’s not unusual for mobile connection
figures to significantly exceed figures for total population. GSMA
Intelligence’s numbers indicate that mobile connections in India were
equivalent to 77.0 percent of the total population in January 2023.

According to the report, there had been a significant surge in the usage
of online banking and digital payments in India, with a remarkable
growth rate of 43. In addition, the category of Digital News has also
witnessed a growth of 20% over the last year, as almost one out of five
Indians now consume news through digital channels. Nevertheless,
there remains a vast untapped market for Digital News, indicating ample
room for growth in the future.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 16

 LEVERAGING
TECHNOLOGY
FOR

AGEING WELL
Ageing is a privilege, and ageing in a digital world is an opportunity. The
internet and the ageing of our population are the two major dynamics of
our time. The former is evolving into a tool to address the latter and a
way to create a society that is age-friendly. It has evolved into a means of
enhancing their sense of well-being, satisfaction, and mental and
physical health.
*

Age Friendly Environment

Age friendly environments involve settings that boost older people's
engagement, health, and well-being. They improve health and postpone
or prevent the start of diseases and functional decline.
Many barriers exist in the lives of older adult’s, including health,
transport, housing, isolation, disability and access to technology. The
appropriate integration of technology within age-friendly communities
continues to offer possible solutions to these barriers and challenges. A
smart, age-friendly environment enables wellbeing and social inclusion
of older adults, safe mobility. Residents living in smart environments use
Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) for monitoring of
their daily activities, functional capacities and provision of health care
services.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 17

Social Connectivity
Social connection is important among all
age groups and not just the aged and is
very crucial. It emphasizes the
significance of human connections and
the feeling of belonging, the safety and
the security that accompanies such deep
and valued interpersonal relationships.
Communication and social
connectedness are the primary blocks
that go a long way in building and
sustaining relationships and making
contributions to society in ways that are
truly consequential.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 18

 Technology Usage for Ageing Well
Pre Covid
In India, the digital literacy among senior citizens
before the Covid-19 pandemic was very low. While
some seniors were tech-savvy, many others required
a lot of attention in this regard. One of the biggest
factors on which this depended, was the level of
education, income and location of the senior.

Digital India Initiative

The government of India’s ‘Digital India Initiative’ aimed to transform

the whole of India, into a digital India, which included digital literacy
among senior citizens.
In addition to all of this, some
NGOs and private organisations
are also lending a helping hand
for this cause. The Senior Citizens
Bureau of India had launched
programs to train seniors on how
to use smartphones and the
internet.

Despite all of these efforts, digital

literacy in India has remained a
cause for concern. The Covid-19
pandemic has helped to further
highlight this issue and come up
with solutions for the same. The
shift of government services and
healthcare facilities to online
digital mode has served as the
solution to digital literacy which
has forced the seniors to adapt
positively to technology changes.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 19

 Post Covid

The mindset of elders has evolved and

changed in a way that even they are
beginning to see the magic and wonders
of technology. This happened during the
time of quarantine, when people from all
over the world were locked in their
houses. Technology made quarantine so
much easier and fun, from watching
YouTube videos and baking to ordering
groceries and being able to talk to family
and friends. This is the magic of
technology, which everyone witnessed
and understood.

Till before the pandemic, everyone believed

that digital literacy is at par with basic
literacy, but with the Covid-19 pandemic and
everything going online and virtual, we
believe that digital literacy requires inclusion
in our lives. With the virtual reality that Covid
has given us, it has become extremely crucial
to consider that the whole world will revolve
only on digital hands.

Having said that, digital literacy among the

seniors of our community, has also been
shaped into a reality and we see a lot of
technology adoption by them at this
pandemic phase. Elder’s who were earlier
apprehensive of using technology with the
fear of frauds and scams are now getting
comfortable with it.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 20

Senior citizens are keener to learn and use
technology. It gives them a chance to connect
with their families living away from them. It
builds a bridge for this generational gap. Covid -
19 was therefore an opportunity for our seniors
be a part of this digitally advanced India.

When the Covid-19 pandemic hit, the

whole world came to a standstill.
The whole concept of ‘social distancing’
and staying at home, has brought us to
the point of having to adapt to the new-
normal and continue our lives per se.

But one thing that wasn't affected by the

pandemic was surely technology. It still
reached masses just as it did Pre-Covid.
The lockdown in India served as a catalyst
for communication technologies. To work,
to access services or to be a part of leisure
activities, communication technologies
were the only medium by which this was
possible.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 21

 The Online Health Care System
The online health care system has also
grown exponentially due to the increased
use of the internet and technology.

Telemedicine, caregiving services, and

medical consultation come under the
umbrella of E-commerce and
healthcare in our country. Online E-
commerce platforms selling elderly
medical products are an example of E-
commerce innovation.

Digital Inclusion

It is defined as “equitable, meaningful, and safe access to use, lead, and design
digital technologies, services, and associated opportunities for everyone,
everywhere”. This has been considered a very useful approach that seeks to
understand the importance of ensuring that the senior citizens not only gain
the access to information and communication technologies but also know
how to use them. Digital inclusion of senior citizens refers to the process of
ensuring that older adults have access to and the ability to use digital
technologies such as computers, smartphones, and the internet. The process
of bridging the technological gap between generations is known as Digital
Inclusion. This implies people are free from any barriers restricting them to
enhance their knowledge using information and communication technology.

Barriers To Technology Adoption

The most common and serious barrier to
technology in senior citizens is the health barrier.
Older people may experience age related physical
and cognitive decline, fear of the internet, limited
access to technology, and lack of relevance.
Fear of security and privacy issues, limited
access to technology, and lack of relevance make
it difficult for older people to adopt technology.
Additionally, they may not see the need for social
media, online shopping, messaging apps, Google
maps, or voice driven technologies like Apple-siri,
Google-Alexa, and so on.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 22

 Enablers and Barriers to Technology

Factors such as familiarity with technology, perceived

usefulness, ease of use, social influence, and access to support
can enable technology adoption, while age-related physical
and cognitive decline, fear and anxiety, cost, limited access to
technology, and lack of relevance can obstruct it. By knowing
these factors, technology developers and policymakers can
work to develop technologies and programs that can meet
the needs of older persons and enable greater technology
adoption.

ease of use

perceived social
usefulness influence

familiarity Enablers access to

with
support
technology

age-related
physical and lack of
cognitive relevance
decline Barriers

limited
fear and access to
anxiety technology

cost

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 23

 RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
AND

DATA COLLECTION
Our Research Methodology consisted of primary research which included
drawing the questionnaire, piloting it and then rolling it out to the larger
audience for their response.
Our desk research helped us identify key-areas surrounding digital literacy,
health and wellness and financial usage among senior citizens. The kick-off
meeting for the Research project was on 8th March, 2023. Our Mentor, Mr.
Rajeev Goel outlined the objectives of the primary research being
undertaken, goals for the team and walked us through the expectations
and outcomes for the report.

PHASE 1 24 March '23

08 March '23

Desk Questionnaire Pilot the Collect Data

Research Design Questionnaire and Feedback

Following this, a Google form was circulated to inform the student

community at SCAC about the research. Responses were invited from
interested students to act as volunteers. We received an overwhelming
response from the student community which cut across various
departments and disciplines. Students from the Arts stream, Commerce
stream and Masters programme pitched in to contribute towards this
endeavor.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 24

The initial part focussed on two main activities, developing a
questionnaire to collect primary data from Senior Citizen on digital
literacy via Google forms and desk research to understand more about
the research topic from secondary sources like publications from
government sources, newspapers, journals & international organizations.
The student volunteers divided themselves into these two broad
categories and worked on the same.

The pilot Google form was prepared and shared with college professors and
student volunteers for their feedback and suggestions. The form was
further tweaked to incorporate all inputs and the final questionnaire was
released on 31st March, 2023.

The Google forms questionnaire was prepared with the intention of

understanding the level of Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens. It also
aimed to understand the challenges faced by them while operating their
devices, their needs and expectations from the digital world, the unique
assistance and guidance they might require while acquiring digital
training, their health, attitude and other demographic indicators.

PHASE 2
27 March '23 10 April '23

Finalize Roll out Collect & Research

Questionnaire Questionnaire Analyze Data Report

The form also features a section on their social life, daily activities, as well
as their emotional index like loneliness and other issues. The aim to
acquire this knowledge is to find a correlation between their social life
and digital literacy to find how we could build communities that help
build wholesome platforms - for digital learning, growth and socializing.

The responses collected in a matter of just one week exceeded 450

responses and were truly impressive and made for a sufficient Pan-
Indian pool of responses that were easy to comprehend and analyse.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 25

The areas identified for study and analyse were
Digital Literacy *

The main aim of collecting first

hand responses from the senior
citizen community was to
understand their device usage
patterns, needs and expectations as
*

well as their current level of digital

literacy.
We wished to identify the current
level of their digital literacy in order
to find ways to scale it further and
help elders lead independent and
dignified lives.
Digital Financial Usage
As sources of income dry up, senior
citizens must rely on their savings or
pensions their expenditure. This
advocated for the need for better
financial management which can be
achieved via better financial literacy. It is
our belief that as banking, trading, and
investing services shift to online
platforms, senior citizens must also
embark on learning and understanding
these online operations to manage their
finances in a better and independent
Health and Wellness manner.

Loneliness is a growing epidemic

and plagues all sections of society
including the elderly. Senior
Citizens who have retired may feel
lonely because of their shrinking
friend group and this feeling is only
compounded with their children
migrating to other states and
countries for education or work.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 26

 Senior citizens may also experience
physical and mental ailments that pose
challenges to their day-to-day activities.
Diabetes (type II) is a leading lifestyle
disease among senior citizens caused
due to inactivity and unhealthy lifestyle
choices. Technology can be a great
medium to rejuvenate through online
yoga sessions and fostering a
community feeling to do away with
loneliness/ depression and an active
environment.

Community housing
Another area we wished to
explore was the scale and
acceptance of community
housing among senior citizens.
We believe that the viability of
this option is dependent on the
affordability and perception
surrounding such schemes.

Community housing is the need of

the hour. As the proportion of seniors
touches more than 20% of India's
population, they would need a
community which is safe, integrated
with medical facilities, and with
recreation facilities. As a part of our
desk research we found that a lot of
senior citizen housing communities
are coming up in the country and
these have a lot of amenities and
facilities for elders.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 27

 Survey Response Collection

Jammu & Kashmir, 19 Himachal Pradesh, 1

Uttarakhand, 1

Punjab, 3 Uttar Pradesh, 17

Bihar, 2
Haryana, 2
Assam, 3

Rajasthan, 10

Nagaland, 1

Gujarat, 5 West Bengal, 11

Jharkhand, 1

Odisha, 15
Maharashtra
Madhya Pradesh, 20
301
Chattisgarh, 4
Karnataka, 3

Telangana, 5
Kerala, 14

Tamil Nadu, 12
Free to use Images from Google

Our students left no stone unturned as they went around collecting

responses all across India from their geo-diverse communities, friends
and families.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 28

 MAJOR

FINDINGS
Digital
Literacy 82%
Seniors are Users of
Digital Devices

Of these
58% Early Adopters (5+ years),
Women

41%

75% 25%
Are graduate and Post
Graduate degree
school level
education 59%
holders men

60% Of users are

Social Friends
Media and Family
unaware about
data mining
‘cookies’

97%
use for

respondents
are aware and
29%
conscious tech
users
Entertainment

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 29

Digital Financial Literacy
Digital use of bank services and payments
have gained huge traction in India. Especially
after the Covid-19 lockdown, a cashless
economy is the only way forward. With this in
mind, it becomes imperative to understand
the level of digital financial literacy among
senior citizens.

Financial Services Used

Fixed Deposits

Bank Transfer
35.7% 53.9%

19.8% 12.3%
Mutual Funds

Stock Market

Only
Graduate and
Post Graduate
Men
use Stock
Market
services

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 30

Digital Technology & Device Assistance

Who helps you FRIENDS

10%
when you run into
technical issues
on your device ?
FAMILY GOOGLE
11.5%
77%
NOBODY TO
APPROACH
1.77%

Seniors would wait

74% patiently when they

needed help

Living Arrangements
Services used by seniors
Immediate living independently
family,
43.3%

Community Grocery / Alarm

Cab services
services
housing
0.2 %

Joint
family, Independently
32.2% 24.5%
Google maps

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 31

Health and Wellness

Hearing issues
Diabetes
34.4% 24.1%
Age Related

Poor Eyesight
14% 35.5%
Forgetfulness
28.5%

Neck/ Back Pain

Sleeping Disorder Lack of

46%
32.5% Interest

Emotional Aspects 23.9% Eating

Sad 24.1% Disorder
Angry
18.1% 53.2%

Lack of Fatigue
Concentration

2 out of every 3 seniors

responded that they felt
lonely at some point in time

Post retirement, Children have

limited friend moved out
group 14.5 %

Reasons for Loneliness 25.7 %

20 %
No one of the same
age group around

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 32

 Digital Experience

1/3 seniors feel

3/5 seniors feel
Relevevant
Independent
when they use
when they use Digital
Digital Devices
Devices

Keenness to learn

69%
*
*

Expressed interest
and willingness in
joining our digital
60% literacy initiatives 9%
*
*

Willing to learn new things Willing to share experiences

through our initiatives with other seniors on their
Digital Journey

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 33

CONCLUSION

The digital evolution continues to pervade every aspect of our lives -

bringing peace, ease of living and comfort. With the aim of sharing the
benefits of the digital world with the senior citizens, certain
recommendations are made -

Organising
Digital Device
Training
Workshops
Our data found that while 82% Proper Digital Device Training and
senior citizens are using digital orientation workshops can help
devices, very few elders have truly elderly understand how to use
utilized these devices to their full these devices and services to help
potential. Most senior citizens use them in their daily necessities.
these devices as a secondary Training elders on computer use,
means to communicate with internet services, email etc can
distant family and nothing more. help them become independent
The usage rates for digiservices like and feel empowered.
digipayments, cab booking etc
continue to be low.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 34

Making services senior-
citizen friendly
Senior Citizens face unique challenges that
must be addressed and accommodated to
enable and encourage senior citizens to use
these devices and services.
Language - according to WHO (2015) data, most
senior citizens are rural dwellers, which
indicates a clear need for building features that
allow choosing language according to senior
citizens’ linguistic preferences.
Loss of eyesight is another health-related challenge that can be noticed
in the senior citizen community. Digi Service providers must create
versions that allow senior citizen users to toggle with the font sizes in a
way that the user interface is not disturbed. The service interface must
also be lucid and easy to comprehend at a glance to eliminate confusion
and prevent senior citizens from abandoning the service altogether.

Addressing concerns
surrounding cyber
security and data
privacy
With the advancement of citizens to reduce their scepticism
technology, there is a parallel of the online world while also
advancement of cyber crimes, making them aware of the
data theft and misinformation. potential threats and risks while
Vulnerable groups including navigating digital devices and
senior citizens are at a greater risk services. This exercise can be
of falling prey to these anti-social undertaken by the police
practices and may find department of various states in
themselves at the receiving end of collaboration with NGOs,
such crimes, frauds and thefts governments and other institutes.
Measures must be taken to
address concerns of senior

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 35

Building self
sustaining
communities
Ultimately, the goal of For example - someone who is good at
introducing digital devices in cooking can share recipes with a large
the lives of seniors is to make community via zoom, book clubs and
their day-to-day activities spiritual meetups can take place
easy and hassle-free. Elders virtually; other needs- such as doctors
can, with the help of consultations, ordering groceries,
technology, build booking cabs can all be done by
communities that foster oneself, without the need to rely on
peer-to-peer learning for another person’s help, interest and
digital devices as well as time. Technology will truly help in
provide platforms for building these self- sustaining
knowledge sharing. communities.

Community housing is an optimistic endeavour, being built across

various cities in the country. If the attitude towards these can be shifted,
these housing societies are designed to specifically support the senior
citizens and address their issues and challenges.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 36

The Indian Govt. has taken a lot of initiatives for senior citizens under
the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment. Our primary research
gathered an overwhelming response from 450+ seniors. We want the
Ministry to use the data and we will explore ways to work
collaboratively and empower our senior citizens in the digital age.

Technology can help bridge the gaps identified in the digital,

financial and wellness areas of the research. We feel that we can
educate elders and create awareness through our SSIP channels and
voluntary activities that we undertake to help out senior citizens. As
a part of our plan to educate the senior citizens, we want to start
reaching out to elders in our friends/family because they can rely on
us and trust us. As we establish trust amongst the inner circle, we
plan to subsequently take it to a larger population of senior citizens
across the country.

We want to help our

*

seniors by

Introducing the Digital Helping them when

services that would they feel lonely and
benefit them and making them feel
Make them Digitally Independent
Literate Taking care of their
Digital Health and well
Introducing them to the world of being
Fintech and Helping them use
financial services digitally

#
Freepik.com

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 37

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 38
 REFERENCES
Ageing and health, World Health Organisation, October 2022
What is WHO's role in the UN Decade of Healthy Ageing, World Health
Organisation
Age-friendly Environments Mentorship Programme (MENTOR-AFE), Age-
Friendly World, WHO
Digital Technologies Can Help Older Persons Maintain Healthy,
Productive Lives, United Nations Chronicle, United Nations
Digital Inclusion - the United Nations
Digital Financial Inclusion, The World Bank
Dr. Harsh Vardhan launches Decade of Healthy Ageing (2020-2030) on
International Day for Older Persons, Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare, October 2020
Ageing in India: State of the Elderly
Social isolation, loneliness in older people pose health risks, National
Institute on Aging, April 2019
Bridging the Digital Gender Divide Include, Upskill, Innovate, OECD
Internet Adoption in India, ICUBE 2020, June 2021
Why do many seniors have trouble using technology? No Isolation
Marston, H.R., Samuels, J. National Library of Medicine, A Review of Age
Friendly Virtual Assistive Technologies and their Effect on Daily Living
for Carers and Dependent Adults
Marta Kavšek, Valerija Rogelj, David Bogataj, Smart Age-Friendly
Environments, IFAC-PapersOnLine, Volume 54, Issue 13, 2021, Pages
768-773, ISSN 2405-8963

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 39

 Usar Suragarn, Debra Hain, Glenn Pfaff, Approaches to enhance social
connection in older adults: an integrative review of literature, Aging and Health
Research, Volume 1, Issue 3, 2021, 100029, ISSN 2667-0321
Lee-Ying Tay, Hen-Toong Tai, Gek-Siang Tan, Digital financial inclusion: A
gateway to sustainable development, Heliyon, Volume 8, Issue 6, 2022,
e09766, ISSN 2405-8440
Digital and Social Media Landscape in India- Acumen

1. Graphs & pictures are for visual representation only & not to scale.
2. *Images from Microsoft Designer, Freepik.com, iStockPhoto.com, Pinterest have been
used in this document. Copyrights for those images are with respective owners.
3. This report has been created using Canva.

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 40

 ANNEXURE

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 41

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 42
Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 43
Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 44
Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 45
Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 46
Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 47
Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 48
Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 49
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Dr. Anil Adagale
Coordinator RUSA
Head, Department of English

Dr. Sharayu Bhakare

SSIP
Head of Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Dr. Neha Agashe

SSIP
Head, Department of Political Science

Dr. Zakira Shaikh

SSIP
Head of Department of Marketing

Dr. Sheena Matthews

SSIP
Head of Department of Economics

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 50

 RESEARCH TEAM

Richa Bansal S Kalpita

Shreya Pawar Sakshi Thakur

Vedika Bhosale Yash Mahalpure

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 51

 Shimauli Garg Hrishita Pandey

Aditya Gupta Aman Tonge

Sharon S Sam

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 52

 VOLUNTEERS

Prabh Mehar Kaur M E Jacob Vanshita Sharma

Mohak Tiwari Dharali Jain Vanshita Khanna

Rimjhim Verma Aishwarya Gavhad Akshay Shah

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 53

 Aditi Ray Cinthia Lobo Shraddha Borhade

Malik Humam Krishna Tilwani

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 54

Research Report on Digital Literacy among Senior Citizens 55
Our seniors are capable, independent and keen
learners, who need a nurturing hand to help
them explore and navigate the digital world.

We, at SCAC pledge to bridge the digital gap by

strengthening the technical know-how of our
seniors in a safe ecosystem, enabling them to
be self-reliant and enjoy their digital journey.

Funded by RUSA
Research Project under Symbiosis
Social Involvement Programme

Symbiosis College of Arts and Commerce

Address: Senapati Bapat Road, Pune - 411004
Email: [email protected]
Phone No.: (020) 256 53 903
Website: www.symbiosiscollege.edu.in