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IT Class Work

The document discusses storage management, partitions, boot processes, and input/output management. It provides details on: 1) How hard disks are divided into tracks and sectors to store data. 2) Partitions allow operating systems to treat sections of the hard disk as separate drives. Primary partitions store the OS, while secondary partitions store other data. 3) Boot sectors contain code that loads the operating system from the hard disk into memory during startup.

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29 views

IT Class Work

The document discusses storage management, partitions, boot processes, and input/output management. It provides details on: 1) How hard disks are divided into tracks and sectors to store data. 2) Partitions allow operating systems to treat sections of the hard disk as separate drives. Primary partitions store the OS, while secondary partitions store other data. 3) Boot sectors contain code that loads the operating system from the hard disk into memory during startup.

Uploaded by

spideyxd1122
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STORAGE MANAGEMENT:

Each platter of a hard disk is divided into a number of concentric


tracks. Each track is divided into a number of sectors, each of which
can store the same amount of data. A sector is the smallest physical
storage unit on the disk, and on most file systems it is fixed at 512
bytes in size

PARTION
A partition is a logical division of a hard disk that is treated as a
separate unit by operating systems (OSes) and file systems. The
OSes and file systems can manage information on each partition as if
it were a distinct hard drive
TYPES:
1. Primary partition
2. Secondary partition

PRIMARY PARTITION:
The primary partition is partitioned by the computer to store the
operating system program which is used to operate the system
• Primary partition can never be subdivided
• Operating system is loaded on primary partition
SECONDARY PARTITON:

Secondary partitioned: The secondary partitioned is used to store the


other type of data (except "operating system"). It is created to store the
necessary data to take backup
• Secondary partition can be subdivided
• Allows the use of different filesystems to be installed for
different kinds of files

BOOT SECTOR:
A boot sector is the sector of a persistent data storage device (e.g.,
hard disk, floppy disk, optical disc, etc.) which contains machine code
to be loaded into random-access memory (RAM) and then executed
by a computer system's built-in firmware (e.g., the BIOS)
• Normally 0 sector of partition
• Files of OS ( operating system ) are found in it

BOOT PROCESSES :
1. POST ( power ON self test ):

In this the CPU checks whether its everything is fine


e.g: cache , register e.t.c

2. BIOS :
The BIOS starts the monitor and keyboard, and does some
basic checks to make sure the computer is working properly. For
example, it will look for the RAM. The BIOS then starts the boot

3. RAM:

The CPU starts and fetches instructions into RAM from the
BIOS, which is stored in the ROM

4. PARTITION TABLE:

When users boot the OS in a computer, a critical part of the


process is to give control to the first sector on the hard disk. This
includes the partition table that defines how many partitions will
be formatted on the hard disk, the size of each partition and the
address where each disk partition begins

5. ACTIVE PARTITION:

An active partition is a partition that holds the Operating system's


boot files that assists in starting the PC. On a BIOS-based
system, the active partition is the partition the system will boot to.
This partition must be a primary partition

6. NT LOADER :

It loads the GUI ( WIMP)


GUI- GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE ( SIMPLY CALLED
OPERATING SYSTEM )

INPUT/OUTPUT MANAGEMENT
Input/output (I/O) management involves controlling the flow of
data into and out of a data processing complex. In an automated
environment, you might want to change your approach to I/O
activities that previously required manual intervention, such as
tape and printer management. Input output system transfer the
information between Computer Memory and Outside world. An
Input output system consists Input output devices , input output
control unit and software to carry out the input out transaction
through a sequence of input output operations

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DEVICES AND PERIPHERALS:

• Devices are directly connected to the motherboard ( to


the core of computing unit )
• Peripheral devices are connected indirectly to the
computer using cables and ports

DEVICE DRIVERS:
A driver, or device driver, is a set of files that tells a piece of hardware
how to function by communicating with a computer's operating
system. All pieces of hardware require a driver, from your internal
computer components, such as your graphics card, to your external
peripherals, like a printer.
Imp functions of a device driver:
• Request
• Allocate
• Release

~Composed by Ryan gosling

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