The 3 Port Coupler
The 3 Port Coupler
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⎡ 0 S21 S31 ⎤
S = ⎢⎢S21 0 S32 ⎥⎥
⎢⎣S31 S32 0 ⎥⎦
2 2
S21 + S31 = 1 S31∗ S32 = 0
2 2
S21 + S32 = 1 S21∗ S32 = 0
2 2
S31 + S32 = 1 S21∗ S31 = 0
Since:
S11 = S22 = S33 = −1 3 ≠ 0
Port 2
R Z0
⎡0 3 3 ⎤ R
⎢ 5 5⎥
S = ⎢3 5 0 3 5 ⎥ Port 1 Z0 R
⎢ ⎥
⎢3 3 0⎥
⎣ 5 5 ⎦ Z0
Z0 Port 3
R =
3
For this design, the ports are matched! However, the resistors
make the device lossy:
S11 2
+ S21 2
+ S31 2
= 0 + 9 25 + 9 25 = 18 25 < 1