Mass Transfer Questions and Answers

SECTION 1
1. Mass transfer rate between two fluid phases does not necessarily depend on the __________ of
the two phases.
A. chemical properties
B. physical properties
C. degree of turbulence
D. interfacial area

2. In a solution containing 0.30 Kg mole of solute and 600 kg of solvent, the molality is
A. 0.50
B. 0.60
C. 2
D. 1

3. Fenske equation determines the

A. maximum number of ideal plates
B. height of the distillation column
C. minimum number of theoretical plates
D. optimum reflux ratio.

4. The term "cooling range" in a cooling tower refers to the difference in the temperature of
A. cold water leaving the tower and the wet bulb temperature of the surrounding air
B. hot water entering the tower and the wet bulb temperature of the surrounding air
C. hot water entering the tower and the cooled water leaving the tower
D. none of these

5. Which of the following is the most suitable for extraction in a system having very low density
difference?
A. Mixer-settler extractor
B. Centrifugal extractor
C. Pulsed extractor
D. Packed extraction tower

6. Total reflux in a distillation operation requires minimum

A. reboiler load
B. number of plates
C. condenser load
D. all (a), (b) and (c)

7. The amount of steam required per unit quantity of distillate in case of steam distillation will be
reduced by
A. raising the temperature
B. lowering the total pressure
C. both (a) and (b)
D. neither (a) nor (b)
8. The difference of wet bulb temperature and adiabatic saturation temperature of unsaturated
mixture of any system is
A. +ve
B. -ve
C. zero
D. none of these

9. Fenske's equation for determining the minimum number of theoretical stages in distillation column
holds good, when the
A. relative volatility is reasonably constant
B. mixture (to be separated) shows negative deviation from ideality
C. mixture (to be separated) shows positive deviation from ideality
D. multi-component distillation is involved

10. When the temperature and humidity of air is low, we usually use __________ draft cooling
tower.
A. natural
B. forced
C. induced
D. none of these

11. Pick out the correct statement.

A. In case of liquid-liquid extraction, no separation is possible, if the selectivity of the solvent
used is unity
B. With increase in temperature, the selectivity of the solvent used in solvent extraction
decreases
C. The selectivity of solvent used in solvent extraction is unity at the plait point
D. all (a), (b) and (c)

12. __________ columns are used for liquid dispersion in a continuous gas phase.
A. Packed
B. Pulse
C. Bubble cap
D. Sieve plate

13. Overall efficiency of the distillation column is

A. the ratio of number of ideal plates to actual plates.
B. the ratio of number of actual plates to ideal plates
C. same as the Murphree efficiency
D. always more than the point efficiency

14. On addition of solute in the solvent, the __________ of the solution decreases.
A. boiling point
B. freezing point
C. vapor pressure
D. both (b) and (c)

15. Which is the controlling factor for a drum drier?

A. Diffusion
B. Heat transfer
 C. Both (a) and (b)
D. Neither (a) nor (b)

16. Drying operation under vacuum is carried out to

A. dry those materials which have very high unbound moisture content
B. reduce drying temperature
C. increase drying temperature
D. dry materials having high bound moisture content

17. Air initially at 101. 3 kPa and 40°C and with a relative humidity of 50%, is cooled at constant
pressure to 30°C. The cooled air has a
A. higher dew point
B. higher absolute (specific) humidity
C. higher relative humidity
D. higher wet bulb temperature

18. Separation of two or more components of a liquid solution cannot be achieved by

A. fractional crystallization
B. liquid extraction
C. absorption
D. evaporation

19. Stefan's law describes the mass transfer by

A. diffusion
B. bulk flow
C. both 'a' & 'b'
D. neither 'a' nor 'b'

20. At minimum reflux ratio for a given separation

A. number of plates is zero
B. number of plates is infinity
C. minimum number of the theoretical plates is required
D. separation is most efficient

21. Relative humidity is the ratio of the

A. partial pressure of the vapor to the vapor pressure of the liquid at room temperature
B. partial pressure of the vapor to the vapor pressure of the liquid at gas temperature
C. actual humidity to saturation humidity
D. none of these

22. In batch distillation with constant reflux, overhead product composition __________ with time.
A. increases
B. decreases
C. does not vary
D. may increase on decrease, depends on the system.

23. Psychrometry deals with the properties of gas-vapor mixture. Humidity can be determined by the
measurement of the __________ of a fibre.
A. electrical resistance
B. thermal conductivity
 C. strength
D. none of these

24. Heat in BTU necessary to increase the temperature of 1 lb of gas and its accompanying vapor by
1°F is called the
A. latent heat
B. humid heat
C. specific heat
D. sensible heat

25. To increase the absorption factor, (where, G = gas flow rate, S = solvent flow rate)
A. increase both 'G' and 'S'
B. decrease both 'G' and 'S'
C. increase 'S' and decrease 'G'
D. increase 'G' and decrease 'S'

26. The mass diffusivity, the thermal diffusivity and the eddy momentum diffusivity are same for,
NPr = NSc = __________
A. 1
B. 0.5
C. 10
D. 0

27. Dew point of a gas-vapor mixture

A. increases with temperature rise
B. decreases with temperature rise
C. decreases with decrease in pressure
D. increases with increase in pressure

28. In a packed absorption tower, if the equilibrium and operating lines are both straight lines, then
the ratio, HETP/HTUOG __________ the absorption factor.
A. increases with increase in
B. is one at unity value of
C. both (a) and (b)
D. neither (a) nor (b)

29. Which of the following plays an important role in problems of simultaneous heat and mass
transfer?
A. Lewis number
B. Schmidt number
C. Prandtl number
D. Sherwood number

30. In case of an absorber, the operating

A. line always lies above the equilibrium curve
B. line always lies below the equilibrium curve
C. line can be either above or below the equilibrium curve
D. velocity is more than the loading velocity

31. As the reflux ratio in a distillation column is increased from the minimum, the
 A. slope of the operating line in stripping section decreases
B. number of plates decreases very slowly first and then more and more rapidly
C. total cost first decreases and then increases
D. liquid flow increases while the vapor flow decreases for a system

32. Absorption factor is defined as (where, S1 = slope of the operating line S2 = slope of the
equilibrium curve)
A. S2/S1
B. S1/S2
C. S1 - S2
D. S1 x S2

33. A plait point is the point on the solubility curve, where the tie line reduces to a point. What is the
number of plait point for a ternary system containing two pairs of partially miscible liquids?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

34. Which of the following remains constant during sensible cooling process?
A. Specific humidity
B. Partial pressure of vapor
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. Neither (a) nor (b)

35. Physical absorption is

A. an irreversible phenomenon
B. a reversible phenomenon
C. accompanied by evolution of heat
D. both (b) and (c)

36. Make up water is required in a cooling tower to replace the water lost by
A. evaporation
B. drift
C. blow-down and leakage
D. all (a), (b) and (c)

37. Which of the following quantities need not be fixed before starting the design of a co-current
absorber?
A. Heat gain or loss
B. Flow rate of entering liquid
C. Flow rate of gas
D. None of these

38. Mass transfer coefficient of liquid is

A. affected more by temperature than that for gases
B. affected much less by temperature than that for gases
C. not affected by the temperature
D. none of these
39. Absorption accompanied with chemical reaction is exemplified by the absorption of
A. ammonia in water
B. benzol present in coke oven gas by wash oil
C. SO2 in alkaline solution
D. all (a), (b) and (c)

40. Which of the following unit operations makes use of Thiele-Geddes equation?
A. Liquid-liquid extraction
B. Solid-liquid extraction
C. Multi-component absorption with chemical reaction
D. Multi-component distillation

41. Which of the following liquid-vapor contacting devices provides maximum contact surface area
for a particular duty?
A. Sieve plate column
B. Bubble cap column
C. Randomly packed column
D. Wetted wall column

42. The equipment frequently used for adiabatic humidification-cooling operation with re-circulating
liquid is
A. natural draft cooling tower
B. induced draft cooling tower
C. spray chamber
D. none of these

43. Chemisorption (chemical adsorption) is

A. same as "Van der Waals" adsorption
B. characterized by adsorption of heat
C. an irreversible phenomenon
D. a reversible phenomenon

44. The rate of solid-liquid extraction is limited by the

A. phase change of the solute as it dissolves in the solvent
B. diffusion of the solute through the solvent in the pores to the outside of the particle
C. diffusion of the solute from the solution in contact with the particle to the main bulk of the
solution
D. all 'a', 'b' & 'c'

45. Raoult's law applies to the

A. all liquid solutions
B. non-ideal solution only
C. non-volatile solute
D. solvents

46. In distillation columns, the number of bubble caps per tray primarily depends upon the
A. allowable liquid velocity
B. allowable gas velocity
C. allowable gas and liquid velocities
D. feed composition
47. In distillation, overhead product contains
A. only one component
B. two components
C. any number of components
D. only saturated liquid

48. With increase in pressure, the relative volatility for a binary system
A. increases.
B. decreases.
C. remains same.
D. either (a) or (b), depends on the system.

49. Low viscosity absorbent is preferred for reasons of

A. rapid absorption rates and good heat transfer characteristics.
B. improved flooding characteristics.
C. low pressure drop on pumping
D. all (a), (b) and (c)

50. Mass transfer coefficient (K) and diffusivity (D) are related according to film theory as
A. K ∝ D
B. K ∝D
C. K ∝ D1.5
D. K ∝ D2

SECTION 2
1. The McCabe ΔL law states that the
A. molar heats of vaporization of components are nearly equal
B. linear crystal growth rate depends on the degree of supersaturation
C. linear crystal growth rate does not depend on the crystal size
D. linear crystal growth rate depends on the crystal size

2. Bollman extractor
A. is a static bed leaching equipment.
B. is used for extraction of oil from oilseed.
C. is a centrifugal extractor.
D. employs only counter-current extraction

3. The relation, Sc = Pr = 1, is valid, when the mechanism of __________ transfer is same.

A. heat and mass
B. mass and momentum
C. heat and momentum
D. heat, momentum and mass

4. A coalescer in a mixer-settler liquid-liquid extraction column

A. comprises of thin bed of substances of extended surface having high porosity.
B. helps in increasing the bubble size entering the settler.
C. helps in increasing the settling rate of the bubbles.
D. all 'a', 'b', & 'c'.
5. For the same feed, feed quality and separation (in a distillation column), with the increase of total
pressure, the number of ideal plates will
A. increase
B. decrease
C. remain same
D. data insufficient, can't be predicted

6. Pick out the correct statement.

A. Ponchan-Savarit method is more accurate than McCabe-Thiele method to determine
the number of theoretical stages required for the separation of non-ideal binary system
by distillation.
B. A sharp decrease in pressure drop is an indication of flooding in a distillation column.
C. Solvent used in extractive distillation should be of high volatility.
D. Flash distillation is suitable for separating components which have very close boiling
temperature.

7. When the liquid phase and vapor phase of a binary system obeys Raoult's and Dalton's law
respectively, the relative volatility is the ratio of
A. vapor pressure of component A to that of component B.
B. vapor pressure of component A to the total pressure.
C. vapor pressure of component A to the partial pressure of A.
D. partial pressure of component A to the total pressure.

8. The operation involved when the soluble material is largely on the surface of an insoluble solid
and is merely washed off by the solvent is called
A. decoction
B. percolation
C. elutriation or elution
D. none of these

9. In the constant rate period of the rate of drying curve for batch drying,
A. cracks develop on the surface of the solid.
B. rate of drying decreases abruptly.
C. surface evaporation of unbound moisture occurs.
D. none of these

10. It takes 6 hours to dry a wet solid from 50% moisture content to the critical moisture content of
15%. How much longer it will take to dry the solid to 10% moisture content, under the same drying
conditions? (The equilibrium moisture content of the solid is 5%).
A. 15 min
B. 51 min
C. 71 min
D. 94 min

11. Agitator is provided in a crystallizer for

A. avoiding deposition on cooler surfaces.
B. formation of nuclei.
C. crystal growth.
D. all (a), (b) and (c).
12. __________ diffusion is used for separating the isotopes of methane.
A. Thermal
B. Pressure
C. Concentration
D. Force

13. Ordinary diffusion process is also called __________ diffusion.

A. pressure
B. thermal
C. concentration
D. forced.

14. Pick out the wrong statement.

A. Different solids have different equilibrium moisture curves.
B. Total condenser or reboiler is considered equivalent to one theoretical plate in McCabe-
Thiele method of theoretical plate calculation for distillation column.
C. Heat removal load on cooler remains constant, even with increase of the reflux ratio
in a distillation column.
D. Even a forced draft cooling tower cannot cool water below the wet bulb temperature.

15. Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the rotary dryer.
A. Flights (located in the inside shell of rotary dryer) lift the material being dried and shower
it down through the current of hot air/gases. It extends from the wall to a distance which is
about 8-12% of the inside diameter of shell.
B. Hold up of a rotary drier is defined as the fraction of the dryer volume occupied by the
solid at any instant. The best performance for rotary drier is obtained, when the hold up is in
the range of 0.05 to 0.15.
C. Rotary dryer is suitable for drying sticky material.
D. Recommended peripheral speed of a rotary drier is in the range of 10 to 30 metres/minute.

16. The reason for preferring packed towers over plate towers in distillation practice is that the
packed tower operation gives
A. low pressure drop and high hold up.
B. high pressure drop and low hold up.
C. low pressure drop and low hold up.
D. high pressure drop and high hold up.

17. If the path of liquid across the plate is very long as in case of large diameter tower, Murphree
efficiency can be __________ percent.
A. 100
B. > 100
C. < 100
D. none of these

18. Compound A is extracted from a solution of A + B into a pure solvent S. A Co-current unit is
used for the liquid-liquid extraction. The inlet rate of the solution containing A is 200 moles of
B/hr.m2 and the solvent flow, rate is 400 moles of S/m 2. hr. The equilibrium data is represented by Y
= 3X2 , where Y is in moles of a A/moles of B and X is in moles A/moles of S. The maximum
percentage extraction achieved in the unit is
A. 25%
 B. 50%
C. 70%
D. 90%

19. Raoult's law is applicable to the

A. ideal solutions
B. real solutions
C. mixture of water and alcohol
D. non-ideal gases

20. Weeping in a distillation column

A. increases tray efficiency.
B. provides large interfacial surface for mass transfer.
C. results due to very high gas velocity.
D. results due to very low gas velocity.

21. In case of binary distillation, increasing the reflux ratio above optimum does not result in the
increase of
A. area between operating line and 45° diagonal x-y diagram.
B. condenser and reboiler surfaces.
C. tower cross-section.
D. none of these.

22. Wetted wall tower experiment determines the

A. molal diffusivity.
B. volumetric co-efficient.
C. mass transfer co-efficient.
D. none of these.

23. In McCabe-Thiele method, at infinite reflux ratio

A. the overhead product is minimum.
B. both the operating lines coincide with diagonal.
C. both (a) and (b).
D. neither (a) nor (b).

24. With decrease in the throughput (compared with the design capacity) for a bubble cap distillation
column, its efficiency
A. increases
B. decreases
C. remains same
D. may increase or decrease ; depends on individual design

25. Plate towers are preferred to packed towers, when large temperature changes are involved,
because of the reason that the
A. packing may be crushed due to thermal expansion/contraction of the components of
the equipments.
B. pressure drop in the equipment will be . very high.
C. viscosity variation of the fluids may cause channeling/flooding.
D. none of these.
26. The equilibrium liquid composition compared to the vapor composition in case of azeotropic
mixture is
A. more
B. less
C. same
D. either more or less; depends on the system

27. Out of the following gas-liquid contacting devices, for a given set of operating conditions, gas
pressure drop is the least in __________ tower.
A. wetted wall
B. bubble cap
C. perforated tray
D. packed

28. Pick out the system with minimum boiling azeotrope at 1 atm.
A. benzene-toluene
B. ethyl alcohol-water
C. hydrochloric acid-water
D. all (a), (b) and (c)

29. Free flowing granular materials can be best dried in a __________ drier.
A. rotary
B. cylinder
C. drum
D. freeze

30. In case of an ideal solution, the total vapor pressure varies __________ with the composition
expressed as mole fraction,
A. inversely
B. linearly
C. exponentially
D. none of these

31. Corresponding to Nusselt number in heat transfer, the dimensionless group in mass transfer is the
__________ number.
A. Sherwood
B. Schmidt
C. Peclet
D. Stanton

32. If the specific heats of a gas and a vapor are 0.2KJ/Kg.°K and 1.5 KJ/Kg.°K respectively, and the
humidity is 0.01; the humid heat in KJ/°Kg. is
A. 0.31
B. 0.107
C. 0.017
D. 0.215

33. Liquid diffusivity is of the order of __________ cm2 /second.

A. 0.01
B. 0.1
 C. 10-5 to 10-6
D. > 1

34. The solvent used in liquid extraction should not have high latent heat of vaporization, because
A. the pressure drop and hence the pumping cost will be very high.
B. it cannot be recovered by distillation.
C. its recovery cost by distillation may be prohibitatively high.
D. it will decompose while recovering by distillation.

35. At the same gas flow rate, the pressure drop in a packed tower being irrigated with liquid
__________ that in dry packed tower.
A. is greater than
B. is lower than
C. is same as
D. cannot be predicted as data are insufficient

36. Molarity is defined as the number of gm moles of solute per __________ of solvent.
A. litre
B. kg
C. gm
D. c.c

37. The value of Lewis number (Le = Sc/Pr) for air-water vapor system is around
A. 1
B. 0.24
C. 3.97
D. 600

38. Which of the following T-H diagram is valid for dehumidification operation ?
A.

B.

C.
 D.

39. An aqueous solution of methanol is to be distilled in a tray column. High pressure steam is
available as a source of heat. For a given reflux ratio and overhead composition, two options are
being explored; (i) a reboiler is used and (ii) no reboiler is used but steam is fed directly to the
bottom of the column. As compared to option (i), in option (ii)
A. less number of trays are required.
B. composition of the residue remains unchanged.
C. more number of trays are required but the residue composition remains unchanged.
D. more number of trays are required and the residue composition is more dilute in methanol.

40. The partial pressure distribution of an ideal gas diffusing through another stagnant ideal gas at
steady state follows a/an __________ law.
A. exponential
B. parabolic
C. linear
D. cubic

41. Which of the following binary systems is an example of a maximum boiling azeotrope?
A. Water-hydrochloric acid
B. Acetone-carbon disulphide
C. Water-ethyl alcohol
D. n-heptane-n-octane

42. (NRe . NSc) is termed in mass transfer operation as the __________ number.
A. Stanton
B. Sherwood
C. Peclet
D. none of these

43. The binary diffusivity in gases and liquids vary respectively as

A. T3/2 and T
B. T and T3/2
C. T and T3/2
 D. T3/2 and T

44. Pick out the correct statement.

A. The slope of the stripping line is always less than unity
B. For a given separation in a binary distillation column, with increase in reflux ratio (above
the minimum reflux ratio), the fixed cost of the distillation column first increases and then
decreases
C. In Ponchon-Savarit method of no. of theoretical plate determination, the stripping
and rectifying operating lines are vertical at total reflux
D. Kremsor-Brown-Souder's equation is used to calculate the efficiency of a plate tower

45. Pick out the correct statement.

A. Dialysis process is used for the production of fresh water from brine
B. Electrodialysis is used in the manufacture of NaOH
C. Electrodialysis is used for the refining/purification of petrol
D. both (b) and (c)

46. Pick out the correct statement

A. Bound moisture is removed during constant rate drying period
B. Free moisture is removed during falling rate drying period
C. The sum of free moisture and equilibrium moisture in a solid is called the critical moisture
D. The driving force for mass transfer in a wet solid is its free moisture content

47. Very tall packed towers are divided into series of beds to
A. reduce the overall pressure drop
B. avoid channeling
C. reduce liquid hold-up
D. avoid flooding

48. Moisture contained by a substance in excess of the equilibrium moisture is called the
__________ moisture.
A. unbound
B. free
C. critical
D. bound

49. With increase in temperature, the solubility of gases in liquids, at fixed pressure
A. increases
B. decreases
C. remains same
D. either (a) or (b), depends on the system

50. In most of the vacuum crystallizer, vacuum is generally produced by means of a

A. suction pump
B. compressed air jet
C. steam jet ejector with a barometric condenser
D. none of these
SECTION 3
1. On moving the feed line (q-line) from saturated liquid feed (vertical position) to saturated vapor
feed (horizontal feed), if the slope of both the operating lines are to be increased, then it will result in
A. greater degree of separation with a fixed number of trays
B. increased reboiler load
C. increased reflux ratio
D. None of these.

2. __________ column is the most suitable for achieving the best performance for mass transfer
operations involving liquid with dispersed solids.
A. Wetted wall
B. Packed
C. Plate
D. Spray

3. De-aeration (removal of O2) of water is done by

A. rectification
B. absorption
C. ion-exchange
D. adsorption

4. Make up water is supplied during cooling tower operation to compensate for water losses due to
A. evaporation
B. Blow-down
C. entrainment
D. all (a), (b)&(c)

5. Pick out the wrong statement.

A. The mole fraction of solute is directly proportional to the molality of a 'dilute' solution.
B. For a non-reacting binary mixture of ideal gases, the partial pressure distribution of both
components is nonlinear in the case of steady state unimolal unidirectional diffusion.
C. Azeotropes obey Raoult's law at all temperature.
D. The relative volatility of a binary mixture at the azeotropic composition is 1.

6. A minimum boiling azeotrope is exemplified by

A. toluene-benzene
B. acetone-carbon disulphide
C. water-isobutyl alcohol
D. none of these

7. Which of the following solutions will follow Raoult's law most closely?
A. solution of benzene, toluene and oxylene
B. 35% solution of camphor in water
C. 35% solution of NH3 in water
D. A solution of polar organic compounds (not of homologs of a series)

8. Use of raschig rings in place of crushed stones as packing in packed beds (other things being
same)
A. increases pressure drop, increases surface area
B. increases pressure drop, decreases surface area
 C. decreases pressure drop, increases surface area
D. decreases pressure drop, decreases surface area

9. Critical humidity of a solid salt means the humidity

A. above which it will always become damp
B. below which it will always stay dry
C. both (a) and (b)
D. above Which it will always become dry and below which it will always stay damp

10. The assumption made in Elis method in distillation is that enthalpy concentration lines of vapor
and liquid are
A. parallel
B. straight
C. both parallel and straight
D. neither parallel nor straight

11. As complete saturation of an adsorbent is approached, the differential heat of adsrop-tion

approaches
A. that of normal condensation
B. integral heat of adsorption
C. zero
D. none of these

12. 'Absorption with chemical reaction' is involved in the removal of

A. carbon dioxide from gaseous stream using alkaline solution
B. benzol from coke oven gas using solar oil/wash oil
C. ammonia from coke oven gas using refrigerated water
D. tar from coke oven gas in primary gas coolers using chilled water

13. The-relative volatility for separation of a non-ideal binary mixture by distillation should be
A. 0
B. 1
C. > 1
D. < 1

14. Pick out the wrong statement:

A. Reboiler is not used in open steam distillation
B. The separation of solutes of different molecular sizes in a liquid solution by use of a suitable
membrane is called dialysis
C. Freeze drying is used for the drying of fish
D. Fenske-Underwood equation is used for calculating theoretical number of plates in a
distillation column at normal operating reflux condition

15. In paper industry, paper is dried in a __________ dryer.

A. tunnel
B. heated cylinder
C. conveyor
D. festoon

16. Pick out the wrong statement.

 A. Critical moisture content is not a property of the material itself.
B. A sharp increase in pressure drop gives an indication of the flooding in a distillation column.
C. Separation of components is not possible in liquid extraction, if selectivity is unity.
D. Dehydration of ethyl alcohol is most economically done by molecular distillation at very
high vacuum.

17. Only small amount of evaporation of water produces large cooling effects because of its
A. large latent heat
B. low viscosity
C. small latent heat
D. none of these

18. The most common packing used in industrial operations is __________ rings.
A. raschig
B. lessing
C. cross-partition
D. single spiral

19. When the feed to a distillation column is a saturated liquid, slope of the feed line is
A. zero
B. unity
C. infinity
D. none of these

20. Leaching of sugar from sugar beets is done by

A. hot water
B. hexane
C. dilute H2SO4
D. lime water

21. Absorption factor method is used to calculate the number of ideal stages, when
A. operating line lies above the equilibrium line
B. operating line lies below the equilibrium line
C. both operating and equilibrium lines are parallel
D. pressure drop in the column is very high

22. Flights in a rotary dryer are provided to

A. lift and shower the solids thus exposing it thoroughly to the drying action of the gas
B. reduce the residence time of solid
C. increase the residence time of the solid
D. none of these

23. If f = moles of vapor present per mole of feed, then the slope of feed line is (McCabe-Thiele
method)

1−f
A. f
 1
−
B. f

f
−
C. 1−f

24. If the solubility of different components (in a liquid-liquid extraction system) increase with rise
in temperature, then the temperature above which they dissolve completely is known as the critical
solution temperature (CST or consolute temperature). If solubility’s increase with decrease in
temperature, then CST is the temperature below which they dissolve completely. If a binary system
has no critical solution temperature, it implies that
A. the system comprises of partially miscible liquids
B. the system comprises of miscible liquids
C. the system comprises of an azeotrope
D. on heating, a vapor phase will appear; while on cooling, a solid phase will appear

25. The rate of mass transfer is not dependent upon the

A. degree of dispersion of one fluid in the other
B. interfacial surface exposed between the phases
C. both (a) & (b)
D. none of these