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Tutorial Sheet 2

This document is a tutorial sheet for a mathematics course covering vector spaces. It provides 9 problems related to vector spaces, subspaces, and linear independence. The problems cover topics like determining if sets with given operations form vector spaces, finding bases and spans of subspaces, and verifying properties like distributivity for sets of matrices.

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PRATYUSH GHOSH
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© © All Rights Reserved
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14 views

Tutorial Sheet 2

This document is a tutorial sheet for a mathematics course covering vector spaces. It provides 9 problems related to vector spaces, subspaces, and linear independence. The problems cover topics like determining if sets with given operations form vector spaces, finding bases and spans of subspaces, and verifying properties like distributivity for sets of matrices.

Uploaded by

PRATYUSH GHOSH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, PILANI

Second Semester 2022-23


MATH F112 (Mathematics-II)
Tutorial Sheet -2

Module-2 Vector Spaces

1. Let V = R2 with operations (x1 , y1 ) ⊕ (x2 , y2 ) = (x1 + x2 , y1 + y2 ) and c ⊙ v = c(Av), where


 
−3 1
A= .
5 −2

Prove or disprove that (V, ⊕, ⊙) is a vector space.

2. Consider the set V = {[a, b, c] ∈ R3 : a, b ∈ R and c ∈ R+ }. Define vector addition ⊕ and


scalar multiplication ⊙ as

[a1 , b1 , c1 ] ⊕ [a2 , b2 , c2 ] = [a1 + a2 + 1, b1 + b2 − 2, c1 c2 ]

α ⊙ [a, b, c] = [αa + α − 1, αb − 2α + 2, cα ] for α ∈ R.


With respect to ⊕ and ⊙, defined above

(i) Find the additive identity of V .


(ii) Find the additive inverse of [a, b, c] ∈ V .
(iii) Check whether the distributive property α ⊙ (u ⊕ v) = α ⊙ u ⊕ α ⊙ v(α ∈ R, u, v ∈ V )
is satisfied or not.

3. Determine whether the following sets are subspaces of the vector space Mnn .

(a) W1 = {A ∈ Mnn : AT = −A}.


(b) W2 = {A ∈ Mnn : Ax = b has a unique solution for all b ∈ Rn }.

4. Suppose W1 = {f ∈ F (−∞, ∞) | f is even} and W2 = {f ∈ F (−∞, ∞) | f is odd} are


subspaces of the vector space V = F (−∞, ∞). Prove that V = W1 + W2 and W1 ∩ W2 = {0}.

5. Let V be a subspace R3 spanned by the set S = {(2, 1, −1), (0, −1, 2)} and W be a subspace
of R3 spanned by the set T = {(x, y, z)|x + y = 2, y + z = 1, x, y, z ∈ R}. Find the vectors
v ∈ V and w ∈ W such that v + w = (2, 4, 5).

6. Let x = (x1 , x2 ) and y = (y1 , y2 ) be vectors in R2 such that x21 + x22 = 1, y12 + y22 = 1 and
x1 y1 + x2 y2 = 0. Prove that S = {x, y} is linearly independent in R2 .

7. Show that the set


S = {sin(x), sin(2x), sin(3x), . . . , sin(nx)}
is a linearly independent subset of C[−π, π] (space of real valued continuous functions defined
on [−π, π] ) for every positive integer n.

8. Consider the vectors p1 = 1 + x + 4x2 and p2 = 1 + 5x + x2 in P2 . Determine whether p1 and


p2 lie in span {1 + 2x − x2 , 3 + 5x + 2x2 }.

9. Define S = {A = [aij ] ∈ M2×2 (R) : aij ∈ R+ } with vector addition ⊕ and scalar multiplication
⊙ as
A ⊕ B = {[aij bij ] : 1 ≤ i, j ≤ 2},
α ⊙ A = {[aαij ] : 1 ≤ i, j ≤ 2, α ∈ R}.

(a) Verify the distributive properties (i) (α + β) ⊙ A = α ⊙ A ⊕ β ⊙ A,


(ii) α ⊙ (A ⊕ B) = α ⊙ A ⊕ α ⊙ B (α, β ∈ R, A, B ∈ S).
(b) Find the additive inverse of [aij ] ∈ S.

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